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do Vale Pereira G, Teixeira C, Couto J, Dias J, Rema P, Gonçalves AT. Dietary Protein Quality Affects the Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Host Performance in Nile Tilapia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:714. [PMID: 38473099 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein quality plays a key role in maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity, but also modulates the growth of luminal microorganisms. This work assessed the effect of dietary protein sources on the performance, gut morphology, and microbiome in Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets comprising equivalent amounts of the protein supply derived from either PLANT, ANIMAL, INSECT, or BACTERIAL (bacterial biomass) sources were fed to triplicate groups of fish (IBW: 12 g) for 46 days. Fish fed the ANIMAL and BACTERIAL diets showed significantly higher weight gains than those fed the PLANT and INSECT diets (p < 0.05). Relative abundance at the phylum level showed that Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the more abundant phyla in tilapia's intestine, while Cetobacterium was the most representative genus in all treatments. Interesting patterns were observed in the correlation between amino acid intake and genus and species abundance. Metabolism prediction analysis showed that BACTERIAL amine and polyamine degradation pathways are modulated depending on diets. In conclusion, different protein sources modulate the relationship between bacteria functional pathways and amino acid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella do Vale Pereira
- SPAROS Lda., 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
- Aquaculture Department, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88061-600, Brazil
| | | | - José Couto
- Riasearch Lda., 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Lda., 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
- Riasearch Lda., 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rema
- Departamento de Zootécnia, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- SPAROS Lda., 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, 8500-139 Faro, Portugal
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Huang H, Lin X, Meng X, Liu Y, Fan J, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhang L, Mi H, Deng J. Effects of replacing wheat bran with palm kernel cake or fermented palm kernel cake on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368251. [PMID: 38450228 PMCID: PMC10915778 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A nine-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing wheat bran (WB) with palm kernel cake (PKC) or fermented palm kernel cake (FPKC) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) (initial weight 7.00 ± 0.01 g). Eleven isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of dietary WB with PKC or FPKC. Replacement of WB with PKC concentrations up to 80% had no significant effect on the growth rate of tilapia or feed utilisation (p > 0.05). FPKC improved the growth performance of tilapia, with optimum growth achieved at 40% replacement level (p < 0.05). Complete replacement with PKC significantly decreased the activity of lipase and trypsin, and reduced the height of muscularis and the height of villus (p < 0.05). However, FPKC significantly increased amylase activity and villus height (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy decreased linearly with increasing levels of PKC substitution, while FPKC showed the opposite trend (p < 0.05). PKC replacement of WB by 20% significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase activity and endothelin levels and increased intestinal tight junctions (p < 0.05). However, FPKC significantly decreased diamine oxidase activity and increased intestinal tight junctions (p < 0.05). PKC completely replaced WB, up-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (il-1β) (p < 0.05). When 40% of WB was replaced with FPKC, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (il-1β and il-6) was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Completely replacement of WB with PKC reduced the abundance of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, while FPKC reduced the abundance of Fusobacteriota and increased the levels of Actinobacteriota. WB can be replaced with PKC up to 80% in tilapia feeds. However, the high percentage of gluten induced intestinal inflammation, impaired gut health, and reduced dietary nutrient utilisation and growth performance. Complete replacement of WB with FPKC promoted intestinal immunity. It also improved dietary nutrient utilisation and growth performance. However, the optimal growth was achieved at a 40% replacement level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqin Lin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiongting Fan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Defaix R, Lokesh J, Frohn L, Le Bechec M, Pigot T, Véron V, Surget A, Biasutti S, Terrier F, Skiba-Cassy S, Roy J, Panserat S, Ricaud K. Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38247008 PMCID: PMC10802069 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factor design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the carbohydrates (CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasma metabolites, gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial. RESULTS The use of 2% inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota, but interestingly, the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, and tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a and tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates. CONCLUSIONS With a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2% inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100% plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Defaix
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Laura Frohn
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandra Biasutti
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, Département Génie Biologique, Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jérôme Roy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
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