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Zhang J, Ye ZW, Morgenstern R, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 in cancer and the regulation of ferroptosis. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:107-132. [PMID: 37704286 PMCID: PMC10586476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) is a member of the MAPEG family (membrane associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism), defined according to enzymatic activities, sequence motifs, and structural properties. MGST1 is a homotrimer which can bind three molecules of glutathione (GSH), with one modified to a thiolate anion displaying one-third-of-sites-reactivity. MGST1 has both glutathione transferase and peroxidase activities. Each is based on stabilizing the GSH thiolate in the same active site. MGST1 is abundant in the liver and displays a broad subcellular distribution with high levels in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, consistent with a physiological role in protection from reactive electrophilic intermediates and oxidative stress. In this review paper, we particularly focus on recent advances made in understanding MGST1 activation, induction, broad subcellular distribution, and the role of MGST1 in apoptosis, ferroptosis, cancer progression, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ralf Morgenstern
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Hamzah N, Kjellberg M, Vanninen P. Glutathione conjugation of nitrogen mustards: In vitro study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9495. [PMID: 36799074 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This paper describes an in vitro study designed to identify metabolic biomarkers resulting from the conjugation of nitrogen mustards (NMs) with glutathione (GSH). The method developed is essential in providing evidence in the event of NM exposure in biomedical samples. METHODS The mass spectral characterization of the proposed NMs-GSH conjugates was performed with liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The final reaction mixtures were analysed in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) at different incubation times. RESULTS This study identified three types of conjugates in addition to ethanolamines, the hydrolysis products of NMs. Monoglutathionyl, diglutathionyl and phosphorylated conjugates were produced for each of the NMs, bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1), bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2) and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3). The monoglutathionyl conjugates consisted of HN1-GSH, HN2-GSH and HN3-GSH. The spontaneous and primary conjugates of diglutathionyl were HN1-GSH2, HN2-GSH2 and HN3-GSH2. These included phosphorylated conjugates, namely HN1-GSH-PO4 , HN2-GSH-PO4 and HN3-GSH-PO4 , as might have formed due to hydrolysis in phosphate buffer. CONCLUSIONS The mass spectral data of all conjugates formed in the presence of all NMs and GSH are reported in this study. These GSH metabolites can be used to confirm NMs toxicity in biological samples such as urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhazlina Hamzah
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Kjellberg
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Akdogan Y, Cigdem Sozer S, Akyol C, Basol M, Karakoyun C, Cakan-Akdogan G. Synthesis of albumin nanoparticles in a water-miscible ionic liquid system, and their applications for chlorambucil delivery to cancer cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ovejero-Paredes K, Díaz-García D, Mena-Palomo I, Marciello M, Lozano-Chamizo L, Morato YL, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Filice M. Synthesis of a theranostic platform based on fibrous silica nanoparticles for the enhanced treatment of triple-negative breast cancer promoted by a combination of chemotherapeutic agents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212823. [PMID: 35929238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new series of theranostic silica materials based on fibrous silica particles acting as nanocarriers of two different cytotoxic agents, namely, chlorambucil and an organotin metallodrug have been prepared and structurally characterized. Besides the combined therapeutic activity, these platforms have been decorated with a targeting molecule (folic acid, to selectively target triple negative breast cancer) and a molecular imaging agent (Alexa Fluor 647, to enable their tracking both in vitro and in vivo). The in vitro behaviour of the multifunctional silica systems showed a synergistic activity of the two chemotherapeutic agents in the form of an enhanced cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells (triple negative breast cancer) as well as by a higher cell migration inhibition. Subsequently, the in vivo applicability of the siliceous nanotheranostics was successfully assessed by observing with in vivo optical imaging techniques a selective tumour accumulation (targeting ability), a marked inhibition of tumour growth paired to a marked antiangiogenic ability after 13 days of systemic administration, thus, confirming the enhanced theranostic activity. The systemic nanotoxicity was also evaluated by analyzing specific biochemical markers. The results showed a positive effect in form of reduced cytotoxicity when both chemotherapeutics are administered in combination thanks to the fibrous silica nanoparticles. Overall, our results confirm the promising applicability of these novel silica-based nanoplatforms as advanced drug-delivery systems for the synergistic theranosis of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ovejero-Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mena-Palomo
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lozano-Chamizo
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yurena Luengo Morato
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zheng Y, Qu J, Qiu L, Fan L, Meng S, Song C, Bing X, Chen J. Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) on oxidation stress in the liver of juvenile GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:338. [PMID: 27066359 PMCID: PMC4792819 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The normal dose of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) used in fish farming was 60 mg/L, and now the analysis of residual androgens was carried out in waste water obtained from the Beijing area, which could be detected in levels ranging from 4.1 to 7.0 ng/L. For the purpose of aquatic early warning, the present study clearly demonstrated that chronic exposure by higher concentration of MT than environmental relevant concentrations could trigger oxidative stress response to juvenile tilapia by modulating hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and gene transcription. Some antioxidative parameters (T-GSH, GSH/GSSG and MDA) were significant decreased under 0.5 mg/L MT exposure at 7 and 14 days. Some antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GST) and transcriptional changes (sod and cat) were revealed significant decreases for MT treated groups at 7 days. Total antioxidant capacity was significant increased only in 5 mg/L MT exposure groups, but GR activities were not affected all through the whole exposure period. Almost all of the antioxidant enzymatic genes detected in the present study were showed significant increments for MT exposure both at 14 and 21 days, and the genotoxicity profile of antioxidant enzymatic genes were revealed dose-dependent manner. This study presented evidence that MT could result in oxidative stress response in the early stages of GIFT tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China ; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Jianhong Qu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Limin Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China ; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi, 214081 Jiangsu China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, 214081 China ; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
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Dias DJS, Joanitti GA, Azevedo RB, Silva LP, Lunardi CN, Gomes AJ. Chlorambucil Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles and Cytotoxic Effects in Breast Cancer Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2015.61001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mukherjee D, Chakraborty S. An Analytical Method for Quantifying Transport and Reaction of Anti-Tumor Drugs in Human Tissues. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.08we121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Hoffmaster KA, Nezasa KI, Tallman MN, Brouwer KLR. Integration of hepatic drug transporters and phase II metabolizing enzymes: Mechanisms of hepatic excretion of sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione metabolites. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 27:447-86. [PMID: 16472997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body. Typically, metabolic conversion of a drug results in inactivation, detoxification, and enhanced likelihood for excretion in urine or feces. Sulfation, glucuronidation, and glutathione conjugation represent the three most prevalent classes of phase II metabolism, which may occur directly on the parent compounds that contain appropriate structural motifs, or, as is usually the case, on functional groups added or exposed by phase I oxidation. These three conjugation reactions increase the molecular weight and water solubility of the compound, in addition to adding a negative charge to the molecule. As a result of these changes in the physicochemical properties, phase II conjugates tend to have very poor membrane permeability, and necessitate carrier-mediated transport for biliary or hepatic basolateral excretion into sinusoidal blood for eventual excretion into urine. This review summarizes sulfation, glucuronidation, and glutathione conjugation reactions, as well as recent progress in elucidating the hepatic transport mechanisms responsible for the excretion of these conjugates from the liver. The discussion focuses on alterations of metabolism and transport by chemical modulators, and disease states, as well as pharmacodynamic and toxicological implications of hepatic metabolism and/or transport modulation for certain active phase II conjugates. A brief discussion of issues that must be considered in the design and interpretation of phase II metabolite transport studies follows.
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Zhang J, Ye Z, Lou Y. Metabolism of melphalan by rat liver microsomal glutathione S-transferase. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 152:101-6. [PMID: 15840383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in the treatment of human cancer is the phenomenon of drug resistance. Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. However, the potential involvement of microsomal GST in the establishment of acquired drug resistance (ADR) remains uncertain. In our experiments, a combination of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) was employed for structural characterization of the resulting conjugates between GSH and melphalan, one of the alkylating agents. The spontaneous reaction of 1mM melphalan with 5mM GSH at 37 degrees C in aqueous phosphate buffer for 1h gave primarily the monoglutathionyl and diglutathionyl melphalan derivatives, with small amounts of mono- and dihydroxy melphalan derivatives. We demonstrated that rat liver microsomal GST presented a strong catalytic effect on the reaction as determined by the increase of monoglutathionyl and diglutathionyl melphalan derivatives and the decrease of melphalan. We showed that microsomal GST was activated by melphalan in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Microsomal GST which was stimulated approximately 1.5-fold with melphalan had a stronger catalytic effect. Thus microsomal GST may play a potential role in the metabolism of melphalan in biological membranes, and in the development of ADR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310031 Hangzhou, China
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