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Seif-Eldein NA, Abu El Wafa SA, Mohammed EZ, Temraz A. Cymbopogon proximus phytochemicals induce S-phase arrest in A549 lung cancer cell lines via CDK2/cyclin A2 inhibition: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and molecular docking analyses. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0059. [PMID: 38780470 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cymbopogon proximus comprises several phytoconstituent classes that are reported to possess anticancer activity; however, studies on the anticancer potentials of the plant are lacking. C. proximus was extracted using solvents with increasing polarity. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of C. proximus extracts was examined against liver (HepG2), lung (A549), prostate (PC3), and bone (MG63) cell lines using MTT assay in comparison to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle for identification of the phase of inhibition. Chemical composition of the most active fraction was examined using the GC/MS technique. Molecular docking was used to explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity against A549, and the results were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Petroleum ether fraction was the highly effective fraction against A549 with IC50 = 14.02 ± 2.79. GC/MS analysis of Pet.Eth led to the identification of nine compounds in unsaponifiable matter and 27 components in the saponifiable fraction. Di-N-octyl phthalate, 3-β-hydroxylean-11.13(18)-dien-30-oic acid methyl ester, elemol hydrocarbons, linoelaidic acid and linoleic acid demonstrated the lowest docking binding scores and similar binding modes against CDK2 as compared to that attained by the native ligand R-Roscovitine "CDK2 ATP inhibitor". Western blot analysis demonstrated that CDK2/cyclinA2 protein expression has been suppressed in A549 cell lines by Pet.Eth fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Seif-Eldein
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Abu El Wafa
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Z Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 110130 October 6 University , Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Mini JJ, Khan S, Aravind M, Mol T, Ahmed Awadh Bahajjaj A, Robert HM, Kumaresubitha T, Anwar A, Li H. Investigation of antimicrobial and anti-cancer activity of thermally sensitive SnO 2 nanostructures with green-synthesized cauliflower morphology at ambient weather conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117878. [PMID: 38147921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructure was prepared using Matricaria recutita leaf extract to investigate its anticancer activity against SK-MEL-28 cells. The tetragonal crystal structure of tin oxide nanoparticles with an average crystal size of 27 nm was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The tetragonal crystal structure of the tin oxide nanoparticles, with an average crystallite size of 27 nm, was confirmed by XRD an absorbance peak at 365 nm was identified by UV-visible spectroscopy analysis as belonging to the bio-mediated synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles. The SnO2 NPs are capped and stabilized with diverse functional groups derived from bioactive molecules, including aldehydes, benzene rings, amines, alcohols, and carbonyl stretch protein molecules. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis validated the presence of these capping and stabilizing chemical bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed the cauliflower-shaped morphology of the SnO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 28 nm. The antimicrobial activity of both prepared and encapsulated samples confirmed their biological activities. Furthermore, both prepared and encapsulated tin oxide samples exhibited excellent anticancer activity against SK-MEL-28 human cancer cells. The present study introduces a reliable and uncomplicated approach to produce SnO2 nanoparticles and demonstrates their effectiveness in various applications, including cancer therapy, drug administration, and disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Josphin Mini
- Department of Botany, Women's Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Safia Khan
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - M Aravind
- Department of Physics, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thibi Mol
- Department of Chemistry, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - H Marshan Robert
- Department of Physics, Nanjil Catholic College of Arts and Science, Kaliyakkaviali, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Kumaresubitha
- Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Hu Li
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Hago S, Lu T, Alzain AA, Abdelgadir AA, Yassin S, Ahmed EM, Xu H. Phytochemical constituents, in-vitro anticancer activity and computational studies of Cymbopogon schoenanthus. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1073-1079. [PMID: 37144384 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. aerial part ethanol extract were examined against some cancer cell lines, and HUVEC normal cell lines using MTT assay. The ethanolic extract was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC. The extract was found to be rich in terpene compounds. The extract proved to be highly selective and effective against breast and prostate cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and DU 145) with IC50 as low as 0.7913 ± 0.14, 12.841 ± 0.21, and 30.51 ± 0.18 µg/ml, respectively. In silico modeling was performed to investigate the binding orientation and affinity of the major identified compounds against Polo-like kinase (PLK1 protein) a cancer molecular target using molecular docking and molecular dynamic whereas eudesm-5-en-11-ol, piperitone, and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran displayed better binding affinity and stability against PLK1 compared to the reference drug. These findings encourage further in vivo studies to assess the anti-cancer effects of C. schoenanthus extract and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Hago
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Tang Lu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Abdelgadir A Abdelgadir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Sitelbanat Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Elhadi M Ahmed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gezira University, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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4
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Adeyemi SB, Akere AM, Orege JI, Ejeromeghene O, Orege OB, Akolade JO. Polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced delivery and improved bioactivity of essential oils. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16543. [PMID: 37484246 PMCID: PMC10360594 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are volatile constituents that give aromatic plants their characteristic odour. The application of these plant actives in food, agriculture, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics has been widely studied. Aromatherapy, a complementary therapy involving the use of essential oils to treat several diseases ranging from microbial infections to metabolic dysfunctions, has been utilised for centuries. Anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities are well-established among other pharmacological properties of these aromatic oils. The oils, which are composed mainly of terpene-based compounds, have also been explored as nutraceuticals, alternative green preservatives, and functional additives in foods. However, due to their physicochemical properties, viz high volatility and low aqueous solubility, essential oil delivery to target receptors were challenging when administered as chemotherapeutics. Hence, formulating essential oils with suitable excipients to enhance their delivery and bioavailability, invariably improving their bioactivity and therapeutic efficacy becomes expedient. Nanotechnology presents a unique strategy to develop a particulate delivery system for the controlled, sustained, and extended release of essential oils. In this review, we examine and summarize the trends and developments in the formulation of essential oils using polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aishat Mojisola Akere
- Public Library of Science (PLOS), The Bradfield Centre, 184 Cambridge Science Park, Milton, Cambridge, CB4 0GA, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Iseoluwa Orege
- Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Onome Ejeromeghene
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, PR China
| | | | - Jubril Olayinka Akolade
- Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Biotechnology, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
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5
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Rudra S, Omar Faruque M, Tahamina A, Uddin Emon N, Khalil Al Haidar I, Bokhtear Uddin S. Neuropharmacological and antiproliferative activity of Tetrastigma leucostaphyllum (Dennst.) Alston: Evidence from in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:929-941. [PMID: 37234345 PMCID: PMC10205772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of neurodegeneration and cancer fatalities remains high, researchers are focusing their efforts on discovering and developing effective medications, especially plant-based drugs, against these diseases. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the neuropharmacological potentials of aerial parts of Tetrastigma leucostaphyllum, employing some behavioral models, while the antiproliferative effect was explored against a panel of cancer cell lines (MGC-803, A549, U-251, HeLa and MCF-7) using a colorimetric assay. In addition, active extracts were analyzed by GC-MS technique to identify the active compounds, where some selective compounds were docked with the particular pure proteins to check their binding affinity. Results from neuropharmacological research indicated that the total extract and its fractions may be effective (p = 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively) at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of animal body weight. The greatest antidepressant and anxiolytic effects were found in the n-hexane fraction. The n-haxane fraction also exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against the U-251 cell line (IC5014.3 μg/mL), followed by the A549, MG-803, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. From the n-hexane fraction, ten chemicals were detected using the GC-MS method. Additionally, the in-silico research revealed interactions between the n-hexane fractions' identified compounds and the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cytotoxic receptors. The molecules showed binding affinities that ranged from 4.6 kcal/mol to 6.8 kcal/mol, which indicates the likelihood that they would make good drug candidates. This study highlighted the plant's neuropharmacological and cytotoxic properties, however, more research is needed to determine the etymological origin of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajib Rudra
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Tahamina
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
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6
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A Status Review on Health-Promoting Properties and Global Regulation of Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041809. [PMID: 36838797 PMCID: PMC9968027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, essential oils (EOs) have been known for their therapeutic potential against many health issues. Recent studies suggest that EOs may contribute to the regulation and modulation of various biomarkers and cellular pathways responsible for metabolic health as well as the development of many diseases, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and bacterial infections. During metabolic dysfunction and even infections, the immune system becomes compromised and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to serious health consequences. The bioactive compounds present in EOs (especially terpenoids and phenylpropanoids) with different chemical compositions from fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants confer protection against these metabolic and infectious diseases through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In this review, we have highlighted some targeted physiological and cellular actions through which EOs may exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, it has been observed that EOs from specific plant sources may play a significant role in the prevention of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, microbial infections, and increasing breast milk production, along with improvements in heart, liver, and brain health. The current status of the bioactive activities of EOs and their therapeutic effects are covered in this review. However, with respect to the health benefits of EOs, it is very important to regulate the dose and usage of EOs to reduce their adverse health effects. Therefore, we specified that some countries have their own regulatory bodies while others follow WHO and FAO standards and legislation for the use of EOs.
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7
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Khan MMA, Afreen R, Quasar N, Khanam N, Uddin M. Steam-mediated foliar application of catechol and plant growth regulators enhances the growth attributes, photosynthesis, and essential oil production of lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats]. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum: A review on Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020696. [PMID: 36677754 PMCID: PMC9864992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are hydrophobic liquids produced as secondary metabolites by specialized secretory tissues in the leaves, seeds, flowers, bark and wood of the plant, and they play an important ecological role in plants. Essential oils have been used in various traditional healing systems due to their pharmaceutical properties, and are reported to be a suitable replacement for chemical and synthetic drugs that come with adverse side effects. Thus, currently, various plant sources for essential oil production have been explored. Coriander essential oil, obtained from the leaf and seed oil of Coriandrum sativum, has been reported to have various biological activities. Apart from its application in food preservation, the oil has many pharmacological properties, including allelopathic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition of the seed and leaf oil of coriander and the variation of the essential oil across various germplasms, accessions, at different growth stages and across various regions. Furthermore, the study explores various extraction and quantification methods for coriander essential oils. The study also provides detailed information on various pharmacological properties of essential oils, such as antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, allelopathic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, and hepatoprotective properties, as well as playing a major role in maintaining good digestive health. Coriander essential oil is one of the most promising alternatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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9
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Garzoli S, Alarcón-Zapata P, Seitimova G, Alarcón-Zapata B, Martorell M, Sharopov F, Fokou PVT, Dize D, Yamthe LRT, Les F, Cásedas G, López V, Iriti M, Rad JS, Gürer ES, Calina D, Pezzani R, Vitalini S. Natural essential oils as a new therapeutic tool in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:407. [PMID: 36514100 PMCID: PMC9749237 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most revalent type of cancer in the world and the second most common cause of cancer death (about 1 million per year). Historically, natural compounds and their structural analogues have contributed to the development of new drugs useful in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Essential oils are natural odorous products made up of a complex mixture of low molecular weight compounds with recognized biological and pharmacological properties investigated also for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possible role of essential oils in CRC, their composition and the preclinical studies involving them. It has been reviewed the preclinical pharmacological studies to determine the experimental models used and the anticancer potential mechanisms of action of natural essential oils in CRC. Searches were performed in the following databases PubMed/Medline, Web of science, TRIP database, Scopus, Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms. The results of analyzed studies showed that EOs exhibited a wide range of bioactive effects like cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic effects on cancer cells through various mechanisms of action. This updated review provides a better quality of scientific evidence for the efficacy of EOs as chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents in CRC. Future translational clinical studies are needed to establish the effective dose in humans as well as the most suitable route of administration for maximum bioavailability and efficacy. Given the positive anticancer results obtained from preclinical pharmacological studies, EOs can be considered efficient complementary therapies in chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garzoli
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University “Sapienza” of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Alarcón-Zapata
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871 Concepción, Chile
| | - Gulnaz Seitimova
- grid.77184.3d0000 0000 8887 5266Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Barbara Alarcón-Zapata
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- grid.469891.b0000 0001 1702 746XResearch Institution “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products”, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ayni 299/2, Dushanbe, 734063 Tajikistan
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, 39 Cameroon
| | - Darline Dize
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaounde, 812 Cameroon
| | | | - Francisco Les
- grid.440816.f0000 0004 1762 4960Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Saragossa), Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Saragossa, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cásedas
- grid.440816.f0000 0004 1762 4960Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Saragossa), Spain
| | - Víctor López
- grid.440816.f0000 0004 1762 4960Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Saragossa), Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Saragossa, Spain
| | - Marcello Iriti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi Rad
- grid.442126.70000 0001 1945 2902Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- grid.411689.30000 0001 2259 4311Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Calina
- grid.413055.60000 0004 0384 6757Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Phytotherapy Lab (PhT-Lab), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy ,AIROB, Associazione Italiana Per la Ricerca Oncologica Di Base, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Vitalini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Quintero-Rincón P, Stashenko EE, Olivero-Verbel J. Photoprotective Agents Obtained from Aromatic Plants Grown in Colombia: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Assessment of Cytotoxic Potential in Cancer Cell Lines of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. and Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131693. [PMID: 35807645 PMCID: PMC9269283 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective agents obtained from plants provide benefits for the health of the skin. The present study aims to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro UV-protective properties of twelve essential oils (EOs) from plants grown in Colombia and to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of two species identified as photoprotective potentials: Cymbopogon flexuosus and Tagetes lucida. The composition of EOs was studied by GC/MS. The cytotoxicity of both EOs was examined using an MTT assay, and an H2-DCFDA probe was employed to estimate the intracellular production of ROS in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells. Major constituents (≥10%) were neral, geranial, geranyl acetate in C. flexuosus and estragole in T. lucida. The TPC for C. flexuosus and T. lucida EOs were ≥10 mg GAE/g of byproduct. Both EOs showed photoprotective properties (SPFin vitro: 13−14), and long-wavelength UVA protection (λc > 370 nm). HepG2 and Calu-1 cells exposed to C. flexuosus exhibited antiproliferative activity (˂50%) at 125 µg/mL, while T. lucida was at 250 and 500 µg/mL. The IC50 values for C. flexuosus were 75 and 100 µg/mL in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells, respectively, whereas those for T. lucida were >250 µg/mL. These EOs achieved significant inhibitory effects (between 15.6 and 40.4%) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that EO compounds recognized as antioxidants could counteract the effects elicited by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Patricia Quintero-Rincón
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Research Center for Biomolecules CIBIMOL, School of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia;
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070793. [PMID: 35890092 PMCID: PMC9320655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
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Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050535. [PMID: 35631361 PMCID: PMC9147688 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenocardia acida (H. acida) is an African well-known shrub recognized for numerous medicinal properties, including its cancer management potential. The advent of nanotechnology in delivering bioactive medicinal plant extract with poor solubility has improved the drug delivery system, for a better therapeutic value of several drugs from natural origins. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties of H. acida using human lung (H460), breast (MCF-7), and colon (HCT 116) cancer cell lines as well as the production, characterization, and cytotoxicity study of H. acida loaded into PLGA nanoparticles. Benchtop models of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Raniceps ranninus were used for preliminary toxicity evaluation. Notable cytotoxic activity in benchtop models and human cancer cell lines was observed for H. acida crude extract. The PLGA nanoparticles loading H. acida had a size of about 200 nm and an association efficiency of above 60%, making them suitable to be delivered by different routes. The outcomes from this research showed that H. acida has anticancer activity as claimed from an ethnomedical point of view; however, a loss in activity was noted upon encapsulation, due to the sustained release of the drug.
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Montagut DC, Bueno Y, Vesga LC, Stashenko EE, Mendez-Sanchez SC. Cymbopogon flexuosus (nees ex steud.) w. watson essential oil effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Montagut
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología, GIBIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yenny Bueno
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología, GIBIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis C. Vesga
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología, GIBIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal, CODEIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedec, uesta, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Chromatography Laboratory, Research Center of Excellence, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Stelia C. Mendez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología, GIBIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal, CODEIM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedec, uesta, Colombia
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Bioactivity assessment of essential oils of Cymbopogon species using a network pharmacology approach. Biol Futur 2022; 73:107-118. [PMID: 35098495 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils of Cymbopogon species have wide commercial applications in fragrance, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals as they exhibit a horizon of bioactivities. Here, essential oils of C. flexuosus and C. martinii were analysed to identify bioactive constituents and bioactivities using a network pharmacology approach. Essential oils were isolated using hydro-distillation in a mini Clevenger apparatus. Analysis of essential oils by GC-MS revealed 20 and 15 chemical constituents in C. flexuosus and C. martinii, respectively. An ingredient-target protein-pathway network was constructed comprising 10 oil constituents (citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, borneol, α-pinene, myrcene, and n-decanol), 14 target proteins, 51 related pathways, and 108 connections. Analyses of the network showed geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, and citral as major active constituents. A core sub-network constructed from the ingredient-target protein-pathway network revealed bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The protein association network pointed out the major target proteins viz., THRB, FXR, ALOX15, and TSHR and pathways like metabolic, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways of essential oil constituents. The target proteins and pathways provided insights into the mechanism of action of bioactive constituents. Based on the results of the study, geraniol was correlated with neuroprotective, citral to chemo-preventive, and limonene to anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the study offers a new way for the assessment of the bioactivities of Cymbopogon species essential oils leading to the development of new biomedicines.
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Walusansa A, Asiimwe S, Ssenku JE, Anywar G, Namara M, Nakavuma JL, Kakudidi EK. Herbal medicine used for the treatment of diarrhea and cough in Kampala city, Uganda. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:5. [PMID: 34991719 PMCID: PMC8739351 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, diarrheal and respiratory diseases are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity. In Uganda, cities are facing proliferation of trade in herbal medicines (HM), including those for diarrhea and/or cough. Information on the economic, and the ethnopharmacological aspects of these HM is scarce, deterring the sector from achieving optimal capacity to support national development. We profiled the anti-diarrhea and/or anti-cough HM, and the basic economic aspects of HM trade in Kampala city, to support ethnopharmacological knowledge conservation and strategic planning. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 65 herbalists using semi-structured questionnaires. This was supplemented by an observational survey using a high-resolution digital camera. Data were collected following the guidelines for research on HM, established by Uganda National Drug Authority, and World Health organization. RESULTS Eighty-four plant species from 41 families were documented. Fabaceae and Myricaceae had the highest number of species (9, 10.7% each). Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck was the most commonly cited for cough, with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 1.00, and its relative medical importance was not significantly different from the other top 5 species except for Azadirachta indica A.Juss (RFC = 0.87). Entada abyssinica A. Rich (RFC = 0.97) was the most cited for diarrhea. Trees (34, 40.5%) were mostly used, and mainly harvested from wild habitats (55.2%) in 20 districts across Uganda. These HM were mainly sold as powders and concoctions, in markets, shops, pharmacies, and roadside or mobile stalls. The highest prices were Uganda Shillings (UGX) 48,000 ($13.15)/kg for Allium sativum L, and UGX 16,000 ($4.38)/kg for C. limon. All participants used HM trade as a sole source of basic needs; majority (60.0%) earned net monthly profit of UGX. 730,000 ($200) ≤ 1,460,000 ($400). The main hindrances to HM trade were the; disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 65, 100%), and the scarcity of medicinal plants (58, 89.2%). CONCLUSION There is a rich diversity of medicinal plant species traded in Kampala to treat diarrhea and cough. The HM trade significantly contributes to the livelihoods of the traders in Kampala, as well as the different actors along the HM value chain throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Walusansa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
| | - Savina Asiimwe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jamilu E Ssenku
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Milbert Namara
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Jesca L Nakavuma
- Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esezah K Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Mukarram M, Choudhary S, Khan MA, Poltronieri P, Khan MMA, Ali J, Kurjak D, Shahid M. Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 35052524 PMCID: PMC8773226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds, such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive compounds. These components confer various pharmacological actions to LEO, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These LEO attributes are commercially exploited in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the application of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, their effects have not yet been assessed in the human system. Hence, further studies on the anticancer mechanisms conferred by LEO components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of LEO in combating cancer and sustaining human healthcare, as well as in food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Mo Ahamad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, ISPA-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Jamin Ali
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Mohd Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Road 2904 Building 293 Manama, 329, Bahrain;
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Chaudhari AK, Das S, Singh VK, Prasad J, Dubey NK. Assessing the Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil as a novel preservative for stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) with emphasis on probable mechanism of action. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68690-68705. [PMID: 34273074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the inhibitory effect of Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil (LoffEO) on the growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion by Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-SH1, aflatoxigenic strain) causing deterioration of stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). The chemical profile analysis of LoffEO by GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of α-terpinyl acetate (26.03 %) as a major component followed by terpineol <1- > (24.03 %) and citronellal (24.03 %). Results on antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity indicated that LoffEO at 2.0 and 1.75 μL/mL caused complete inhibition of growth and aflatoxin B1 production, respectively. Antifungal toxicity of LoffEO was strongly correlated with the inhibition of ergosterol content, leakage of cellular ions, and disintegration of membrane permeability. Reduction in cellular methylglyoxal by LoffEO indicated a novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The LoffEO showed moderate free radical quenching activity in DPPH assay (IC50 = 26.10 μL/mL) and exhibited remarkable inhibitory efficacy against lipid peroxidation of chia seeds. In addition, LoffEO presented strong in situ antiaflatoxigenic efficacy, and exhibited non-phytotoxic nature, acceptable sensory characteristics, and favorable safety profile (LD50 = 19786.59 μL/kg), which recommends its practical utilization as a novel and safe preservative to improve the shelf life of stored chia seeds from fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Somenath Das
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Prasad
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Malara FA, Matos DC, Ribeiro LCA, Falcoski TOR, Andrade TJAS, Santos VNC, Lima NM, Carlos IZ. Medicinal Plants from Brazilian Cerrado Biome: Potential sources of new anti-inflammatory compounds and antitumor agents on Ehrlich carcinoma. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191101. [PMID: 34730736 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a pharmacological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants through their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. Cytotoxicity activity of Mouriri elliptica and Alchornea glandulosa as well as the drugs celecoxib and doxorubicin were evaluated in cultures of peritoneal macrophages. The immune system influence of these samples was analyzed by determining production/inhibition of NO, production of tumor necrosis factor-α and production of interleukin-10. Regarding the production/inhibition of NO, there was NO production by M. elliptica and NO inhibition when the cells were exposed to A. glandulosa; Macrophages generally produce more NO, plus TNF-α and less IL-10, when associated to the tumor phenomenon, characterizing the inflammation involved in cancer. A. glandulosa showed anti-inflammatory effect, inhibited NO production and it was associated with low TNF-α production, although not as low as the macrophages associated with celecoxib and doxorubicin. These cytokines were not different in animals with tumor. Celecoxib confirms its anti-inflammatory action by markedly inhibiting NO and TNF-α, but also inhibiting IL-10 which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Doxorubicin inhibited NO in a higher percentage in the group of animals with tumor, although the literature reports that this drug stimulates the production of NO and this collaborates with its cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A Malara
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Djamile C Matos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia C A Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais O R Falcoski
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresinha J A S Andrade
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N C Santos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas/UFAM, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ICB, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, 69067-005 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Nerilson M Lima
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Exatas/ICE, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Z Carlos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados, 14800-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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20
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Pharmacognosy and In-vivo anticancer potential of an indigenous marine macroalga, Ulvafasciata Delile from Visakhapatnam coast, India. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Fractionating of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil by Vacuum Fractional Distillation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass essential oil has many compounds appropriate for application in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Of these, citral is a high-value compound of interest to industry. This work aims to evaluate the use of vacuum fractional distillation to separate lemongrass essential oil compounds, producing essential oil fractions containing high citral content. The effect of process parameters, namely vacuum pressure, type column, and energy input, on the fractionation time, content, and recovery of citral in the fractions, was investigated. The fractionation of lemongrass oils successfully provided five fractions, i.e., fraction 1 (F1), fraction 2 (F2), fraction 3 (F3), fraction 4 (F4), and fraction 5 (F5). GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) spectra showed that the main compound contained in F1 and F2 fractions was β-myrcene (>70%). Meanwhile, F4 and F5 were the two main fractions for citral recovery. The optimal conditions of the fractional distillation system included a column height of 400 mm, power input of 165 W, and pressure of 15 mmHg. These conditions correspond to the highest total citral content of 95%, with a recovery of 80% at the F4 and F5 fractions. Therefore, fractional vacuum distillation may be an effective method to upgrade lemongrass essential oil.
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22
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Abdel-Kader NS, Moustafa H, El-Ansary AL, Sherif OE, Farghaly AM. A coumarin Schiff base and its Ag( i) and Cu( ii) complexes: synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and biological applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05688j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and DFT calculations of coumarin Schiff base and its complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aya M. Farghaly
- Center of Environmental Hazard Mitigation
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
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23
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Souza EMDE, Souza RCDE, Melo JFB, Costa MMDA, Souza SADE, Souza AMDE, Copatti CE. Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil as an additive improves growth, biochemical and physiological responses and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 1:e20190140. [PMID: 32638863 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate growth, biochemical, hematological and intestinal enzymes responses and survival of Nile tilapia juveniles fed a diet containing the essential oil of lemongrass Cymbopogum flexuosus (EOCF) and infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Five diets were evaluated (in quadruplicate) with increasing levels of EOCF (0.0 - control; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0 and 2.0 mL kg diet-1). On day 45, eight fish per treatment were sampled and blood, liver and intestine samples were taken. Others eight fish per treatment were infected with A. hydrophila followed by a 15-day period of observation. Citral is the main constituent of EOCF. The inclusion of 2.0 mL EOCF kg diet-1 increased specific growth rate and survival after A. hydrophila infection and decreased feed conversion ratio of Nile tilapia. In general, higher concentrations of EOCF in the diet reduced plasma glucose and triglycerides levels, and increased plasma amino acids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic ALT levels, hematological parameters, and the activity of intestinal enzymes. It was concluded that the inclusion of 2.0 mL EOCF kg diet-1 improved growth performance, biochemical and physiological responses and decreased mortality of Nile tilapia after A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElizÂngela M DE Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Renilde C DE Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - JosÉ F B Melo
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Mateus M DA Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Seldon A DE Souza
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E Copatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Studying the Gene Expression of Penicillium rubens Under the Effect of Eight Essential Oils. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060343. [PMID: 32575356 PMCID: PMC7345231 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are well-known for their beneficial properties against a broad range of microorganisms. For the better understanding of their mechanism of action in fungi, a microarray approach was used in order to evaluate the gene expression of Penicillium chrysogenum (recently renamed P. rubens) exposed to the indirect contact (vapors) of eight EOs. The selection of assayed EOs was based on their antifungal activity. The extraction of RNA and the microarray hybridization procedure were optimized for the analysis of P. rubens. Gene ontology annotation was performed to investigate the functional analysis of the genes. To uncover the metabolic pathway of these differentially expressed genes, they were mapped into the KEGG BRITE pathway database. The transcriptomic analysis showed that, from a total of 12,675 genes, only 551 genes are annotated, and the other 12,124 genes encoded hypothetical proteins. Further bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that 1350 genes were upregulated and 765 downregulated at least with half (four) of the utilizing EOs. A microarray investigation has confirmed the main impact of EOs to metabolic processes in P. rubens involved in vital functions. Presumably, this is the first time that a microarray hybridization analysis was performed in order to evaluate the gene expression of P. rubens exposed to various EOs.
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Gündel SDS, de Godoi SN, Santos RCV, da Silva JT, Leite LBDM, Amaral AC, Ourique AF. In vivo antifungal activity of nanoemulsions containing eucalyptus or lemongrass essential oils in murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Baptista-Silva S, Borges S, Ramos OL, Pintado M, Sarmento B. The progress of essential oils as potential therapeutic agents: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1746698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baptista-Silva
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Borges
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar L. Ramos
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU , Gandra, Portugal
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Pereira GLDC, Almeida TC, Seibert JB, Amparo TR, Soares RDDOA, Rodrigues IV, Bianco de Souza GH, Dos Santos ODH, da Silva GN. Antitumor effect of Cymbopogon densiflorus (Linneu) essential oil in bladder cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5238-5242. [PMID: 32241181 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1747453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the antitumor effect of the Cymbopogon densiflorus essential oil in silico and in vitro on bladder cancer cells RT4 and T24, with different TP53 status. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry was used for characterisation. In silico analysis was carried out by Pass online software. Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and wound healing assays were performed. Five major compounds were identified. In silico analysis showed that major compounds present high potential for antitumor activities. The treatment with C. densiflorus essential oil reduced cell viability of bladder cancer cells. Only in wild-type cells, the increase of apoptosis rates and the decrease of cell migration were observed. In conclusion, the C. densiflorus essential oil presents antitumor effects on TP53 wild-type and mutated bladder cancer cells, however, the mechanism of action is TP53 status-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamires Cunha Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaina Brandão Seibert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia (BIOTEC), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Roquete Amparo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia (BIOTEC), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Orlando David Henrique Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia (BIOTEC), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Habib S, Gupta P, Bhat SS, Gupta J. In silico, in-vitro and in vivo screening of biological activities of citral. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:251-260. [PMID: 31971085 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Citral, one of the main components of lemongrass oil (65-85%), is known to possess various medicinal properties like enhancing skin health and vision-improvement. It also acts as flavoring agent, used in perfumes and skin care products. The objective of this work was to elucidate the biological properties of citral at molecular level using an integrated in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. To elucidate this in silico molecular docking studies were performed with in vitro validation by DPPH scavenging activity, MTT assays, enzymatic assays and Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. The in silico analysis demonstrated the potential binding of citral with PPARγ ligand binding domain and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). Citral is already a proven anti-oxidant which is further confirmed by increased DPPH inhibition with increased citral concentration (IC50: 6.9 ± 1.68 μg/ml, p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that citral protect yeast cells from cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and also increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes like GST, SOD and LPO. It was also demonstrated to be cytotoxic to cancerous HeLa cells (IC50: 3.9 ± 0.38 μM, p < 0.01) and was found anti-angiogenic by CAM assay. This study highlights many important pharmaceutical properties of citral which can be explored further to increase its industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Department of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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LIMA ABSD, QUEIROGA IMBN, SILVA GMDS, COSTA JSD, GUEDES JPDS, DANTAS CDO, CAVALCANTI MT. Characterization and application of Lippia alba (Mill) and Cymbopogon citratus D.C. Stapf. essential oils as natural sanitizers in coriander. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ali Khan M, Jyoti S, Rahul, Naz F, Ara G, Afzal M, Siddique YH. Effect of lemon grass extract against methyl methanesulfonate-induced toxicity. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1657152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqtada Ali Khan
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rahul
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Le QU, Lay HL, Wu MC. The isolation, structural characterization, and anticancer activity from the aerial parts of Cymbopogon flexuosus. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12718. [PMID: 31353668 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated bioactive secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of Cymbopogon flexuosus (CF). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, the antioxidant activities including 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+ ) and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging systems, and cytotoxic effects were determined. 1, 3-O-di-E-caffeoylglycerol (SA3) and 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (SA4) were firstly isolated from an ethanol extract of CF. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including MS and NMR spectra as well as by comparison to the data reported in the literature. DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging tests showed that the highest antioxidant potent was detected for compound SA3 with IC50 of 4.42 ± 0.18 and 21.84 ± 0.22 µg/ml, respectively. The compound SA3 stimulated the apoptotic factors of caspase-3, bax, and bcl-2 in HepG2 and caspase-3, caspase-9, P53 in A549. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: CF has been widely used as both a herbal drink and as a spice in diets. In the food processing industry, CF was used to process candy. In addition, it is used for the treatment of sore throat, cough, skin diseases, and other diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Recently, in Vietnam, CF has also been used to treat liver and lung cancer and consumed daily to process many dishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Ung Le
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and international Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Liang Lay
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Koundal R, Dolma SK, Chand G, Agnihotri VK, Reddy SGE. Chemical composition and insecticidal properties of essential oils against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1536668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkesh Koundal
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Shudh Kirti Dolma
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercial Important Plants Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Gopi Chand
- High Altitude Biology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vijai K. Agnihotri
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - S. G. Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercial Important Plants Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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Kotsampasi B, Tsiplakou E, Christodoulou C, Mavrommatis A, Mitsiopoulou C, Karaiskou C, Sossidou E, Fragioudakis N, Kapsomenos I, Bampidis V, Christodoulou V, Zervas G. Effects of dietary orange peel essential oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, and blood and milk antioxidant status of dairy ewes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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da Silva Gündel S, de Souza ME, Quatrin PM, Klein B, Wagner R, Gündel A, Vaucher RDA, Santos RCV, Ourique AF. Nanoemulsions containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: Development, characterization, stability study and evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:268-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Essential oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus as the potential inhibitor for HSP90. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:489-496. [PMID: 29854620 PMCID: PMC5978008 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus or lemongrass oil (LO) is reported. Essential oil of C. flexuosus significantly suppresses the HSP90 gene expression. Increased expression of HSP90 gene by citral and geraniol in HEK-293 cells. Inhibition of HSP90-ATPase acitivity by the essential oil of C. flexuosus.
The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus or lemongrass oil (LO) is reported to have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancerous effects. HSP90 is one of the major chaperones responsible for the proper folding of cancer proteins. In this paper we show that the essential oil of C. flexuosus significantly suppresses the HSP90 gene expression. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by MTT assay and the gene expression studies were carried out using HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells. Also we tested the efficacy of the major component of this essential oil viz. citral and geraniol in inhibiting the HSP90 expression. The oil was found to be more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells with different IC50 values for the oil (69.33 μg/mL), citral (140.7 μg/mL) and geraniol (117 μg/mL). The fold change of expression was calculated by RT-qPCR using ΔΔCt (2^−ΔΔCt) method and it was 0.1 and 0.03 in MCF-7 cells at 80 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL of LO. Western blot results showed suppression of HSP90 protein expression and HSP90 – ATPase activity inhibition was also observed using LO. This study shows the anticancer mechanism exhibited by the essential oil of C. flexuosus is by the inhibition of the important chaperone protein HSP90.
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Key Words
- Cymbopogon flexuosus
- Cytotoxicity
- DEPC, diethyl pyrocarbonate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- Gene expression
- HER 2, human epidermal growth receptor 2
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HSP90
- HSP90, heat shock protein 90
- LO, lemongrass oil
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-. 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- PR, progesterone receptor
- RT-qPCR
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SERMS, selective estrogen receptor modulators
- Western blot
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Liu Y, Liang X, Zhang R, Lan W, Qin W. Fabrication of Electrospun Polylactic Acid/Cinnamaldehyde/β-Cyclodextrin Fibers as an Antimicrobial Wound Dressing. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100464. [PMID: 30965767 PMCID: PMC6418790 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) was successfully encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite fibers were prepared by incorporating CA/β-CD via electrospinning. Morphological, structural, spectral, and antibacterial properties of different weight ratios of PLA:β-CD/CA (88:12, 94:6, 97:3, and 98.5:1.5) and PLA/CA/β-CD fibers were investigated. PLA and CA/β-CD were incorporated by mixing of CA/β-CD inclusions to enhance the viscosity of the mixed solution. The mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of nanofibers were improved following the addition of CA/β-CD. Moreover, CA/β-CD improved the antibacterial activities of the mixture against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. PLA/CA/β-CD-3 exhibited excellent antibacterial effects and low cytotoxicity. Thus, our study showed that PLA/CA/β-CD fibers may have applications as wound dressing materials and for use in other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xue Liang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Wenting Lan
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
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Basholli-Salihu M, Schuster R, Hajdari A, Mulla D, Viernstein H, Mustafa B, Mueller M. Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1553-1560. [PMID: 28385055 PMCID: PMC6130611 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1309555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Context: Inflammation and cell differentiation lead to a number of severe diseases. In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. Objective: The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. Materials and methods: For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001–0.2%, 3 h incubation). Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001–0.1%, 24 h incubation). Results: The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008–0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. Discussion and conclusion: The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimoza Basholli-Salihu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo
| | - Roswitha Schuster
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Avni Hajdari
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science , University of Prishtina , Pristhina , Kosovo.,d Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina , Prishtinë , Kosovo
| | - Dafina Mulla
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Behxhet Mustafa
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science , University of Prishtina , Pristhina , Kosovo.,d Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina , Prishtinë , Kosovo
| | - Monika Mueller
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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S. J, M.S. SS, R. A, Shanmuganathan G, Mozhi SS, S. ND. Potential antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon citratus on OxLDL and H 2 O 2 LDL induced Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC). FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Effects of lemongrass oil and citral on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and acetaminophen toxicity in rats. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:432-438. [PMID: 29389585 PMCID: PMC9332636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from a lemongrass variety of Cymbopogon flexuosus [lemongrass oil (LO)] is used in various food and aroma industry products and exhibits biological activities, such as anticancer and antimicrobial activities. To investigate the effects of 200 LO (200 mg/kg) and 400 LO (400 mg/kg) and its major component, citral (240 mg/kg), on drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and acetaminophen toxicity in the liver, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a pelleted diet and administered LO or citral by gavage for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the effects of LO and citral on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen were determined. The results showed that rats treated with 400 LO or citral had significantly reduced hepatic testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activities. In addition, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity was significantly increased by citral, and Uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glucurosyltransferase activity was significantly increased by 400 LO in the rat liver. Treatment with 400 LO or citral reduced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels in the liver. After acetaminophen treatment, however, LO and citral treatment resulted in little or no change in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity and acetaminophen-protein adducts content in the liver. Our results indicate that LO and citral may change the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and reduce oxidative stress in the liver. However, LO and citral may not affect the detoxification of acetaminophen.
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Jiang J, Xu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ya P, Yang C, Li F. Protective effects of lemongrass essential oil against benzo(a)pyrene-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 27:121-127. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1266541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng Infectious Disease Hospital, LiaoCheng, ShanDong Province, PR China
| | - Henggui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
| | - Ping Ya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
| | - Fasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, LiaoNing Province, PR China
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Lin J, Cai QY, Xu W, Lin JM, Peng J. Chemical Composition, Anticancer, Anti-neuroinflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 24:207-212. [PMID: 27586471 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition, anticancer, anti-neuroinflflammatory, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia (EO-PS). METHODS Patrinia scabiosaefolia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight human carcinoma cell lines, including SGC-7901, AGS, HepG2, HT-29, HCT-8, 5-FU/HCT-8, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231, were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Anti-neuroinflflammatory activity was assessed by production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells (microglia from mice). The antioxidant activity was evaluated with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. RESULTS Forty-four components, representing 83.919% of the total oil, were identifified in the EO-PS. The major constituents were caryophyllene oxide (12.802%), caryophyllene (6.909%), α-caryophyllene (2.927%), β-damascenone (3.435%), calarene (5.621%), and phenol (3.044%). The MTT assay showed that the EO-PS exhibited significant dose-dependent growth inhibition in the 50-200 μg/mL dilution range. The EO-PS exhibited a dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH radical, with an half of maximal inhibitory concentration 1.455 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The EO-PS possesses a wide range of antitumor, anti-neuroinflflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting that it may be a good candidate for further investigations of new bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiu-Mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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42
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Ortega MT, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Toxicological effects of pet food ingredients on canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and enterocyte-like cells. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:189-98. [PMID: 25976427 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro method to assess pet food ingredients safety. Canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were differentiated into enterocyte-like cells (ELC) to assess toxicity in cells representing similar patterns of exposure in vivo. The toxicological profile of clove leave oil, eugenol, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), GMP + inosine monophosphate, sorbose, ginger root extract, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, thyme oil, thymol and citric acid was assessed in BMSC and ELC. The LC50 for GMP + inosine monophosphate was 59.42 ± 0.90 and 56.7 ± 3.5 mg ml(-1) for BMSC and ELC; 56.84 ± 0.95 and 53.66 ± 1.36 mg ml(-1) for GMP; 0.02 ± 0.001 and 1.25 ± 0.47 mg ml(-1) for citric acid; 0.077 ± 0.002 and 0.037 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamaldehyde; 0.002 ± 0.0001 and 0.002 ± 0.0008 mg ml(-1) for thymol; 0.080 ± 0.003 and 0.059 ± 0.001 mg ml(-1) for thyme oil; 0.111 ± 0.002 and 0.054 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamon bark oil; 0.119 ± 0.0004 and 0.099 ± 0.011 mg ml(-1) for clove leave oil; 0.04 ± 0.001 and 0.028 ± 0.002 mg ml(-1) for eugenol; 2.80 ± 0.11 and 1.75 ± 0.51 mg ml(-1) for ginger root extract; > 200 and 116.78 ± 7.35 mg ml(-1) for sorbose. Lemon grass oil was evaluated at 0.003-0.9 in BMSC and .03-0.9 mg ml(-1) in ELC and its mechanistic effect was investigated. The gene toxicology studies showed regulation of 61% genes in CYP450 pathway, 37% in cholestasis and 33% in immunotoxicity pathways for BMSC. For ELC, 80% for heat shock response, 69% for beta-oxidation and 65% for mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, these studies provide a baseline against which differential toxicity of dietary feed ingredients can be assessed in vitro for direct effects on canine cells and demonstrate differential toxicity in differentiated cells that represent gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ortega
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - B Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J E Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - N A Monteiro-Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Natrajan D, Srinivasan S, Sundar K, Ravindran A. Formulation of essential oil-loaded chitosan–alginate nanocapsules. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:560-568. [PMID: 28911716 PMCID: PMC9351798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polymers such as alginate (AL) and chitosan (CS) are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields in various forms such as nanoparticles, capsules, and emulsions. These polymers have attractive applications in drug delivery because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. The pharmaceutical applications of essential oils such as turmeric oil and lemongrass oil are well-known, and their active components, arturmerone and citral, respectively, are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, these essential oils are unstable, volatile, and insoluble in water, which limits their use for new formulations. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a CS–AL nanocarrier for the encapsulation of essential oils. The effects of process parameters such as the effect of heat and the concentrations of AL and CS were investigated. Various physicochemical characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy were performed. Results of characterization studies showed that 0.3 mg/mL AL and 0.6 mg/mL CS produced minimum-sized particles (<300 nm) with good stability. It was also confirmed that the oil-loaded nanocapsules were hemocompatible, suggesting their use for future biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of turmeric oil- and lemongrass oil-loaded nanocapsules was estimated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in A549 cell lines and it was found that both the nanoformulations had significant antiproliferative properties than the bare oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheebika Natrajan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharmila Srinivasan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sundar
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswathy Ravindran
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cymbopogon species; ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and the pharmacological importance. Molecules 2015; 20:7438-53. [PMID: 25915460 PMCID: PMC6272507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon genus is a member of the family of Gramineae which are herbs known worldwide for their high essential oil content. They are widely distributed across all continents where they are used for various purposes. The commercial and medicinal uses of the various species of Cymbopogon are well documented. Ethnopharmacology evidence shows that they possess a wide array of properties that justifies their use for pest control, in cosmetics and as anti-inflammation agents. These plants may also hold promise as potent anti-tumor and chemopreventive drugs. The chemo-types from this genus have been used as biomarkers for their identification and classification. Pharmacological applications of Cymbopogon citratus are well exploited, though studies show that other species may also useful pharmaceutically. Hence this literature review intends to discuss these species and explore their potential economic importance.
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Koči J, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. In vitro safety assessment of food ingredients in canine renal proximal tubule cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:289-98. [PMID: 25458622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models are useful tools to initially assess the toxicological safety hazards of food ingredients. Toxicities of cinnamaldehyde (CINA), cinnamon bark oil, lemongrass oil (LGO), thymol, thyme oil (TO), clove leaf oil, eugenol, ginger root extract (GRE), citric acid, guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate and sorbose (SORB) were assessed in canine renal proximal tubule cells (CPTC) using viability assay and renal injury markers. At LC50, CINA was the most toxic (0.012mg/ml), while SORB the least toxic (>100mg/ml). Toxicities (LC50) of positive controls were as follows: 4-aminophenol (0.15mg/ml in CPTC and 0.083mg/ml in human PTC), neomycin (28.6mg/ml in CPTC and 27.1mg/ml in human PTC). XYL displayed lowest cytotoxic potency (LC50=82.7mg/ml in CPTC). In vivo renal injury markers in CPTC were not significantly different from controls. The LGO toxicity mechanism was analyzed using qPCR and electron microscopy. Out of 370 genes, 57 genes (15.4%) were significantly up (34, 9.1%) or down (23, 6.2%) regulated, with the most upregulated gene gsta3 (∼200-fold) and the most affected pathway being oxidative stress. LGO induced damage of mitochondria, phospholipid accumulation and lack of a brush border. Viability assays along with mechanistic studies in the CPTC model may serve as a valuable in vitro toxicity screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koči
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - B Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, PR China
| | - J E Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - N A Monteiro-Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Root Extracts of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:560404. [PMID: 25810744 PMCID: PMC4354966 DOI: 10.1155/2015/560404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) is a perennial plant widely distributed in tropical Africa. Preparations of the plant are commonly used across Nigeria for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Based on the fact that herbal medicine is a strong component of integrative medicine, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of root extracts of Sansevieria liberica. Methods. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) in vitro cytotoxicity assay, Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites and solid tumor, and L1210 lymphoid leukemia in vivo models were used in this study. Results. SL-A002 (IC50 23 µg/mL with HeLa), SL-A003 (IC50 22 µg/mL with HCT-116), and SL-A004 (IC50 23 and 18 µg/mL with A549 and THP-1, resp.) demonstrated significant activity in the SRB cytotoxicity assay. Potency was highest with the following pairs of extract : cancer cell line: SL-A002 : HeLa (IC50 23 µg/mL), SL-A003 : HCT-116 (IC50 22 µg/mL), and SL-A004 : THP-1 (IC50 18 µg/mL). SL-A002 demonstrated significant dose-dependent antitumor activity in the Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites model with peak effect produced at the dose of 120 mg/kg (i.p.) with inhibition of 89.36% compared to 97.96% for 5-FU (20 mg/kg i.p.). The inhibition of tumor growth by SL-A002 in the S-180 solid tumor model was 47.40% compared to a value of 50.18% for 5-FU. SL-A002 was also significantly active in the L1210 lymphoid leukemia model with 158.33% increase in mean survival time, the same value for 5-FU. Conclusions. The hydroethanolic extract of Sansevieria liberica, SL-A002, possesses significant anticancer activity to warrant further extensive study to identify, isolate, and characterize the specific bioactive molecules responsible for the observed antitumor activity and the precise mechanism(s) of action.
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Rajeswara Rao B, Adinarayana G, Rajput D, Kumar A, Syamasundar K. Essential oil profiles of different parts of East Indian lemongrass {Cymbopogon flexuosus(Nees ex Steud.) Wats.}. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1007218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Exploitation of cytotoxicity of some essential oils for translation in cancer therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:397821. [PMID: 25722735 PMCID: PMC4334976 DOI: 10.1155/2015/397821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties. A growing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the potential of essential oils as anticancer treatment in the attempt to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and important side effects associated with the antitumor drugs currently used. In this review we discuss the literature on the effects of essential oils in in vitro and in vivo models of cancer, focusing on the studies performed with the whole phytocomplex rather than single constituents.
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Majeed H, Bian YY, Ali B, Jamil A, Majeed U, Khan QF, Iqbal KJ, Shoemaker CF, Fang Z. Essential oil encapsulations: uses, procedures, and trends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been an increased interest towards the biological activities of essential oils (EOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Majeed
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yuan-Yuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Barkat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Anjum Jamil
- Department of Veterinary Sciences
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Usman Majeed
- Department of Veterinary Sciences
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Farid Khan
- Microbial Electro-chemistry Research Group
- Swette Centre for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign Institute Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | | | | | - Zhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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Anticancer activity of Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae). J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:35-41. [PMID: 26151007 PMCID: PMC4488040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and sustained focus is on the discovery and development of newer and better tolerated anticancer drugs especially from plants. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) in vitro cytotoxicity assay, sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites and solid tumor, and L1210 lymphoid leukemia in vivo models were used to investigate the anticancer activity of root extracts of Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae; 馬兜鈴 mǎ dōu líng). AR-A001 (IC50 values of 20 μg/mL, 22 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL, and 24 μg/mL for A549, HCT-116, PC3, and THP-1 cell lines, respectively), and AR-A004 (IC50 values of 26 μg/mL, 19.5 μg/mL, 12 μg/mL, 28 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL, and 22 μg/mL for A549, HCT-116, PC3, A431, HeLa, and THP-1, respectively), were observed to be significantly active in vitro. Potency was highest with AR-A001 and AR-A004 for PC3 with IC50 values of 3 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL, respectively. AR-A001 and AR-A004 produced significant (p < 0.05–0.001) dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in the S-180 ascites model with peak effects produced at the highest dose of 120 mg/kg. Inhibition values were 79.51% and 89.98% for AR-A001 and AR-A004, respectively. In the S-180 solid tumor model, the inhibition of tumor growth was 29.45% and 50.50% for AR-A001 (120 mg/kg) and AR-A004 (110 mg/kg), respectively, compared to 50.18% for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 20 mg/kg). AR-A001 and AR-A004 were also significantly active in the leukemia model with 211.11% and 155.56% increase in mean survival time (MST) compared to a value of 211.11% for 5-FU. In conclusion, the ethanolic (AR-A001) and dichloromethane:methanol (AR-A004) root extracts of AR possess significant anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo.
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