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Schwartz‐Duval AS, Sokolov KV. Prospecting Cellular Gold Nanoparticle Biomineralization as a Viable Alternative to Prefabricated Gold Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105957. [PMID: 35508715 PMCID: PMC9284136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown considerable potential in a vast number of biomedical applications. However, currently there are no clinically approved injectable GNP formulations. Conversely, gold salts have been used in the clinic for nearly a century. Further, there is evidence of GNP formation in patients treated with gold salts (i.e., chrysiasis). Recent reports evaluating this phenomenon in human cells and in murine models indicate that the use of gold ions for in situ formation of theranostic GNPs could greatly improve the delivery within dense biological tissues, increase efficiency of intracellular gold uptake, and specificity of GNP formation within cancer cells. These attributes in combination with safe clinical application of gold salts make this process a viable strategy for clinical translation. Here, the first summary of the current knowledge related to GNP biomineralization in mammalian cells is provided along with critical assessment of potential biomedical applications of this newly emergent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Schwartz‐Duval
- Department of Imaging PhysicsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Konstantin V. Sokolov
- Department of Imaging PhysicsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHoustonTX77030USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences6767 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of BioengineeringRice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin107 W Dean Keeton St.AustinTX78712USA
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Lei K, Gu X, Alvarado AG, Du Y, Luo S, Ahn EH, Kang SS, Ji B, Liu X, Mao H, Fu H, Kornblum HI, Jin L, Li H, Ye K. Discovery of a dual inhibitor of NQO1 and GSTP1 for treating glioblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 33087132 PMCID: PMC7579906 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a universally lethal tumor with frequently overexpressed or mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) are commonly upregulated in GBM. NQO1 and GSTP1 decrease the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediates the oxidative stress and promotes GBM cell proliferation. METHODS High-throughput screen was used for agents selectively active against GBM cells with EGFRvIII mutations. Co-crystal structures were revealed molecular details of target recognition. Pharmacological and gene knockdown/overexpression approaches were used to investigate the oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified a small molecular inhibitor, "MNPC," that binds to both NQO1 and GSTP1 with high affinity and selectivity. MNPC inhibits NQO1 and GSTP1 enzymes and induces apoptosis in GBM, specifically inhibiting the growth of cell lines and primary GBM bearing the EGFRvIII mutation. Co-crystal structures between MNPC and NQO1, and molecular docking of MNPC with GSTP1 reveal that it binds the active sites and acts as a potent dual inhibitor. Inactivation of both NQO1 and GSTP1 with siRNA or MNPC results in imbalanced redox homeostasis, leading to apoptosis and mitigated cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Thus, MNPC, a dual inhibitor for both NQO1 and GSTP1, provides a novel lead compound for treating GBM via the exploitation of specific vulnerabilities created by mutant EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lei
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Alvaro G. Alvarado
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Shilin Luo
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Bing Ji
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Xia Liu
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Hui Mao
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Lingjing Jin
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412561.50000 0000 8645 4345Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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El-Said WA, Cho HY, Yea CH, Choi JW. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles inside living human cells based on the intracellular formation process. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:910-918. [PMID: 24338869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular formation of Au and Ag NPs with different sizes and shapes using human cells has been developed as green method, which does not require the use of any reducing agents. Also, the cell lysis is used for production of different metal NPs. Our results demonstrate that treatment of human cells with various metal ions cause cell fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A El-Said
- Interdisciplinary program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Parkinson EI, Bair JS, Cismesia M, Hergenrother PJ. Efficient NQO1 substrates are potent and selective anticancer agents. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2173-83. [PMID: 23937670 DOI: 10.1021/cb4005832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of personalized medicine in oncology is the identification of drugs with predictable efficacy based on a specific trait of the cancer cell, as has been demonstrated with gleevec (presence of Bcr-Abl protein), herceptin (Her2 overexpression), and iressa (presence of a specific EGFR mutation). This is a challenging task, as it requires identifying a cellular component that is altered in cancer, but not normal cells, and discovering a compound that specifically interacts with it. The enzyme NQO1 is a potential target for personalized medicine, as it is overexpressed in many solid tumors. In normal cells NQO1 is inducibly expressed, and its major role is to detoxify quinones via bioreduction; however, certain quinones become more toxic after reduction by NQO1, and these compounds have potential as selective anticancer agents. Several quinones of this type have been reported, including mitomycin C, RH1, EO9, streptonigrin, β-lapachone, and deoxynyboquinone (DNQ). However, no unified picture has emerged from these studies, and the key question regarding the relationship between NQO1 processing and anticancer activity remains unanswered. Here, we directly compare these quinones as substrates for NQO1 in vitro, and for their ability to kill cancer cells in culture in an NQO1-dependent manner. We show that DNQ is a superior NQO1 substrate, and we use computationally guided design to create DNQ analogues that have a spectrum of activities with NQO1. Assessment of these compounds definitively establishes a strong relationship between in vitro NQO1 processing and induction of cancer cell death and suggests these compounds are outstanding candidates for selective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph S. Bair
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Megan Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Nolan KA, Dunstan MS, Caraher MC, Scott KA, Leys D, Stratford IJ. In silico screening reveals structurally diverse, nanomolar inhibitors of NQO2 that are functionally active in cells and can modulate NF-κB signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:194-203. [PMID: 22090421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute chemical database has been screened using in silico docking to identify novel nanomolar inhibitors of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2). The inhibitors identified from the screen exhibit a diverse range of scaffolds and the structure of one of the inhibitors, NSC13000 cocrystalized with NQO2, has been solved. This has been used to aid the generation of a structure-activity relationship between the computationally derived binding affinity and experimentally measured enzyme inhibitory potency. Many of the compounds are functionally active as inhibitors of NQO2 in cells at nontoxic concentrations. To show this, advantage was taken of the NQO2-mediated toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug CB1954. The toxicity of this drug is substantially reduced when the function of NQO2 is inhibited, and many of the compounds achieve this in cells at nanomolar concentrations. The NQO2 inhibitors also attenuated TNFα-mediated, NF-кB-driven transcriptional activity. The link between NQO2 and the regulation of NF-кB was confirmed by using short interfering RNA to NQO2 and by the observation that NRH, the cofactor for NQO2 enzyme activity, could regulate NF-кB activity in an NQO2-dependent manner. NF-кB is a potential therapeutic target and this study reveals an underlying mechanism that may be usable for developing new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Nolan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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