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Li H, Li XD, Yan CH, Ni ZH, Lü MH, Zou LW, Yang L. Rational design of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring butyrylcholinesterase activity and its application in development of inhibitors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1387146. [PMID: 38638318 PMCID: PMC11024273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1387146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is widely expressed in multiple tissues and has a vital role in several key human disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and tumorigenesis. However, the role of BChE in human disorders has not been investigated. Thus, to quantitatively detect and visualize dynamical variations in BChE activity is essential for exploring the biological roles of BChE in the progression of a number of human disorders. Herein, based on the substrate characteristics of BChE, we customized and synthesized three near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe substrates with cyanine-skeleton, and finally selected a NIR fluorescence probe substrate named CYBA. The CYBA demonstrated a significant increase in fluorescence when interacting with BChE, but mainly avoided AChE. Upon the addition of BChE, CYBA could be specifically hydrolyzed to TBO, resulting in a significant NIR fluorescence signal enhancement at 710 nm. Systematic evaluation revealed that CYBA exhibited exceptional chemical stability in complex biosamples and possessed remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards BChE. Moreover, CYBA was successfully applied for real-time imaging of endogenous BChE activity in two types of nerve-related living cells. Additionally, CYBA demonstrated exceptional stability in the detection of complex biological samples in plasma recovery studies (97.51%-104.01%). Furthermore, CYBA was used to construct a high-throughput screening (HTS) method for BChE inhibitors using human plasma as the enzyme source. We evaluated inhibitory effects of a series of natural products and four flavonoids were identified as potent inhibitors of BChE. Collectively, CYBA can serve as a practical tool to track the changes of BChE activity in complicated biological environments due to its excellent capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Hua Yan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ni
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Han Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pérez-Aguilar B, Marquardt JU, Muñoz-Delgado E, López-Durán RM, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gómez-Olivares JL. Changes in the Acetylcholinesterase Enzymatic Activity in Tumor Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4629. [PMID: 37760598 PMCID: PMC10526250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a well-known protein because of the relevance of its enzymatic activity in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in nerve transmission. In addition to the catalytic action, it exerts non-catalytic functions; one is associated with apoptosis, in which acetylcholinesterase could significantly impact the survival and aggressiveness observed in cancer. The participation of AChE as part of the apoptosome could explain the role in tumors, since a lower AChE content would increase cell survival due to poor apoptosome assembly. Likewise, the high Ach content caused by the reduction in enzymatic activity could induce cell survival mediated by the overactivation of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) that activate anti-apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, in tumors in which high enzymatic activity has been observed, AChE could be playing a different role in the aggressiveness of cancer; in this review, we propose that AChE could have a pro-inflammatory role, since the high enzyme content would cause a decrease in ACh, which has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, as discussed in this review. In this review, we analyze the changes that the enzyme could display in different tumors and consider the different levels of regulation that the acetylcholinesterase undergoes in the control of epigenetic changes in the mRNA expression and changes in the enzymatic activity and its molecular forms. We focused on explaining the relationship between acetylcholinesterase expression and its activity in the biology of various tumors. We present up-to-date knowledge regarding this fascinating enzyme that is positioned as a remarkable target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pérez-Aguilar
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | | | - Rosa María López-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - Luis E. Gomez-Quiroz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
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Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Kortylewicz ZP, McIntyre EM, Sharp JG, Coulter DW. Multifarious Functions of Butyrylcholinesterase in Neuroblastoma: Impact of BCHE Deletion on the Neuroblastoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:293-304. [PMID: 34486544 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and its role in malignancy remain unexplained. Our studies in children newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma indicated that BChE expressions is proportional to MYCN amplification suggesting that pathogenesis of high-risk disease may be related to the persistent expression of abnormally high levels of tumor-associated BChE. BChE-deficient neuroblastoma cells (KO [knockout]) were produced from MYCN -amplified BE(2)-C cells (WT [wild-type]) by the CRISPR-Cas9 targeted disruption of the BCHE locus. KO cells have no detectable BChE activity. The compensatory acetylcholinesterase activity was not detected. The average population doubling time of KO cells is 47.0±2.4 hours, >2× longer than WT cells. Reduced proliferation rates of KO cells were accompanied by the loss of N-Myc protein and a significant deactivation of tyrosine kinase receptors associated with the aggressive neuroblastoma phenotype including Ros1, TrkB, and Ltk. Tumorigenicity of WT and KO cells in male mice was essentially identical. In contrast, KO xenografts in female mice were very small (0.37±0.10 g), ~3× smaller compared with WT xenografts (1.11±0.30 g). Unexpectedly, KO xenografts produced changes in plasma BChE similarly to WT tumors but lesser in magnitude. The disruption of BCHE locus in MYCN -amplified neuroblastoma cells decelerates proliferation and produces neuroblastoma cells that are less aggressive in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John G Sharp
- Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Don W Coulter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics
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Migliaccio I, Paoli M, Risi E, Biagioni C, Biganzoli L, Benelli M, Malorni L. PIK3CA co-occurring mutations and copy-number gain in hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35181669 PMCID: PMC8857304 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to elucidate the prognostic value of PIK3CA mutations and copy number (CN) gain (PIK3CA-mut/gain) in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR + /HER2−) breast cancer (BC). We analyzed primary HR + /HER2− BC from three publicly available datasets comprising over 2000 samples and assessed the associations with tumoral and clinical characteristics and outcome. Clinical benefit (CB) in alpelisib-treated patients from two studies including 46 patients was analyzed. About 8–10% of HR + /HER2− primary BC had PIK3CA-mut/gain. In two of the datasets analyzed, among patients with PIK3CA mutant tumors, those with mut/gain had significantly worse outcome compared to those with CN neutral (PIK3CA-mut/neut) and PIK3CA-mut/gain remained an independent prognostic factor. CB of alpelisib-treated patients with PIK3CA-mut/gain and PIK3CA-mut/neut tumors was comparable. PIK3CA CN might help clarifying the prognostic and predictive role of PIK3CA mutations. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Migliaccio
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.
| | - Marta Paoli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Emanuela Risi
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Chiara Biagioni
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.,"Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Malorni
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.,"Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
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Habieb MS, Elhelbawy NG, Alhanafy AM, Elhelbawy MG, Alkelany AS, Wahb AM. Study of the potential association of the BCHE rs1803274 genetic polymorphism and serum level of its protein with breast cancer. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a serine hydrolase whose primary function is to degrade acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate neurotransmission. Apart from its role in synaptic transmission, AChE has several "non-classical" functions in non-neuronal cells. AChE is involved in cellular growth, apoptosis, drug resistance pathways, response to stress signals and inflammation. The observation that the functional activity of AChE is altered in human tumors (relative to adjacent matched normal tissue) has raised several intriguing questions about its role in the pathophysiology of human cancers. Published reports show that AChE is a vital regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways involving proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of primary tumors. The objective of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the AChE-signaling pathway in the growth of progression of human cancers. The AChE isoforms, AChE-T, AChE-R and AChE-S are robustly expressed in human cancer cell lines as well in human tumors (isolated from patients). Traditionally, AChE-modulators have been used in the clinic for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging studies reveal that these drugs could be repurposed for the treatment of human cancers. The discovery of potent, selective AChE ligands will provide new knowledge about AChE-regulatory pathways in human cancers and foster the hope of novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- West Virginia University Medical School, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
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Dai X, Zhang X, Lu P. Toward a holistic view of multiscale breast cancer molecular biomarkers. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1509-1533. [PMID: 31668082 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Powered by rapid technology developments, biomarkers become increasingly diverse, including those detected at genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and cellular levels. While diverse sets of biomarkers have been utilized in breast cancer predisposition, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and management, recent additions derived from lincRNA, circular RNA, circulating DNA together with its methylated and hydroxymethylated forms and immune signatures are likely to further transform clinical practice. Here, we take breast cancer as an example of heterogeneous diseases that require many informed decisions from treatment to care to review the huge variety of biomarkers. By assessing the advantages and limitations of modern biomarkers in diverse use scenarios, this article outlines the prospects and challenges of releasing complimentary advantages by augmentation of multiscale molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Nan Chang Qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Chatonnet A, Lenfant N, Marchot P, Selkirk ME. Natural genomic amplification of cholinesterase genes in animals. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:73-81. [PMID: 28382676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tight control of the concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses requires precise regulation of the number and state of the acetylcholine receptors, and of the synthesis and degradation of the neurotransmitter. In particular, the cholinesterase activity has to be controlled exquisitely. In the genome of the first experimental models used (man, mouse, zebrafish and drosophila), there are only one or two genes coding for cholinesterases, whereas there are more genes for their closest relatives the carboxylesterases. Natural amplification of cholinesterase genes was first found to occur in some cancer cells and in insect species subjected to evolutionary pressure by insecticides. Analysis of the complete genome sequences of numerous representatives of the various metazoan phyla show that moderate amplification of cholinesterase genes is not uncommon in molluscs, echinoderms, hemichordates, prochordates or lepidosauria. Amplification of acetylcholinesterase genes is also a feature of parasitic nematodes or ticks. In these parasites, over-production of cholinesterase-like proteins in secreted products and the saliva are presumed to have effector roles related to host infection. These amplification events raise questions about the role of the amplified gene products, and the adaptation processes necessary to preserve efficient cholinergic transmission. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chatonnet
- Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, INRA, Université Montpellier, Place Viala, Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Lenfant
- Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, INRA, Université Montpellier, Place Viala, Montpellier France.,Aix-Marseille Université / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Aix-Marseille Université / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Castillo-González AC, Pelegrín-Hernández JP, Nieto-Cerón S, Madrona AP, Noguera JA, López-Moreno MF, Rodríguez-López JN, Vidal CJ, Hellín-Meseguer D, Cabezas-Herrera J. Unbalanced acetylcholinesterase activity in larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:81-6. [PMID: 26002584 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that a non-neuronal cholinergic system is expressed aberrantly in airways. A proliferative effect is exerted directly by cholinergic agonists through the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. In cancer, particularly those related with smoking, the mechanism through which tumour cells respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question. Fifty paired pieces of larynx squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissue were compared in terms of their acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). The AChE activity in non-cancerous tissues (0.248 ± 0.030 milliunits per milligram of wet tissue; mU/mg) demonstrates that upper respiratory tissues express sufficient AChE activity for controlling the level of acetylcholine (ACh). In larynx carcinomas, the AChE activity decreased to 0.157 ± 0.024 mU/mg (p=0.009). Larynx cancer patients exhibiting low ACh-degrading enzymatic activity had a significantly shorter overall survival (p=0.031). Differences in the mRNA levels of alternatively spliced AChE isoforms and molecular compositions were noted between glottic and supraglottic cancers. Our results suggest that the low AChE activity observed in larynx squamous cell carcinoma may be useful for predicting the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Castillo-González
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Pelegrín-Hernández
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Susana Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñero Madrona
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Noguera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Fuensanta López-Moreno
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Hellín-Meseguer
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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Castillo-González AC, Nieto-Cerón S, Pelegrín-Hernández JP, Montenegro MF, Noguera JA, López-Moreno MF, Rodríguez-López JN, Vidal CJ, Hellín-Meseguer D, Cabezas-Herrera J. Dysregulated cholinergic network as a novel biomarker of poor prognostic in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:385. [PMID: 25956553 PMCID: PMC4435806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In airways, a proliferative effect is played directly by cholinergic agonists through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activation. How tumors respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question in smoking-related cancer. This research was addressed to explore a possible link of cholinergic signalling changes with cancer biology. METHODS Fifty-seven paired pieces of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) were compared for their mRNA levels for ACh-related proteins and ACh-hydrolyzing activity. RESULTS The measurement in ANCT of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities (5.416 ± 0.501 mU/mg protein and 6.350 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein, respectively) demonstrated that upper respiratory tract is capable of controlling the availability of ACh. In HNSCC, AChE and BChE activities dropped to 3.584 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein (p = 0.002) and 3.965 ± 0.423 mU/mg protein (p < 0.001). Moreover, tumours with low AChE activity and high BChE activity were associated with shorter patient overall survival. ANCT and HNSCC differed in mRNA levels for AChE-T, α3, α5, α9 and β2 for nAChR subunits. Tobacco exposure had a great impact on the expression of both AChE-H and AChE-T mRNAs. Unaffected and cancerous pieces contained principal AChE dimers and BChE tetramers. The lack of nerve-born PRiMA-linked AChE agreed with pathological findings on nerve terminal remodelling and loss in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the low AChE activity in HNSCC can be used to predict survival in patients with head and neck cancer. So, the ChE activity level can be used as a reliable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Castillo-González
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Susana Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Pelegrín-Hernández
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fernanda Montenegro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Noguera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fuensanta López-Moreno
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Diego Hellín-Meseguer
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
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Li D, Li F, Wu Y, Zhou D, Chen H. Quantification of serum MET in non-small-cell lung cancer and its clinical significance. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Johnson KC, Koestler DC, Cheng C, Christensen BC. Age-related DNA methylation in normal breast tissue and its relationship with invasive breast tumor methylation. Epigenetics 2013; 9:268-75. [PMID: 24196486 DOI: 10.4161/epi.27015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a key risk factor for breast cancer and epigenetic alterations may contribute to age-related increases in breast cancer risk, though the relation of age-related methylation in normal breast tissues with altered methylation in breast tumors is unclear. We investigated the relation of age with DNA methylation in normal breast tissues genome-wide using two data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE32393 and GSE31979). We validated our observations in an independent set of normal breast tissues, examined age-related methylation in normal breast for enrichment of genomic features, and compared age-related methylation in normal tissue with methylation alterations in breast tumors. Between the two array-based methylation data sets, there were 204 CpG loci with significant (P<0.05) and consistent age-related methylation, 97% of which were increases in methylation. Our validation sets confirmed the direction of age-related DNA methylation changes in all measured regions. Among the 204 age-related CpG loci, we observed a significant enrichment for CpG islands (P = 8.7E-6) and polycomb group protein target genes (P = 0.03). In addition, 24 of the 204 CpGs with age-related methylation in normal breast were significantly differentially methylated between normal and breast tumor tissues. We identified consistent age-related methylation changes in normal breast tissue that are further altered in breast tumors and may represent early events contributing to breast carcinogenesis. This work identifies age-related methylation in normal breast tissue and begins to deconstruct the contribution of aging to epigenetic alterations present in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Johnson
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Genetics; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
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Hosseini SA, Horton S, Saldivar JC, Miuma S, Stampfer MR, Heerema NA, Huebner K. Common chromosome fragile sites in human and murine epithelial cells and FHIT/FRA3B loss-induced global genome instability. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:1017-29. [PMID: 23929738 PMCID: PMC4293015 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal positions of common fragile sites differ in lymphoblasts and fibroblasts, with positions dependent on the epigenetically determined density of replication origins at these loci. Because rearrangement of fragile loci and associated loss of fragile gene products are hallmarks of cancers, we aimed to map common fragile sites in epithelial cells, from which most cancers derive. Among the five most frequently activated sites in human epithelial cells were chromosome bands 2q33 and Xq22.1, which are not among top fragile sites identified in lymphoblasts or fibroblasts. FRA16D at 16q23 was among the top three fragile sites in the human epithelial cells examined, as it is in lymphoblasts and fibroblasts, while FRA3B at 3p14.2, the top fragile locus in lymphoblasts, was not fragile in most epithelial cell lines tested. Epithelial cells exhibited varying hierarchies of fragile sites; some frequent epithelial cell fragile sites are apparently not frequently altered in epithelial cancers and sites that are frequently deleted in epithelial cancers are not necessarily among the most fragile. Since we have reported that loss of expression of the FRA3B-encoded FHIT protein causes increased replication stress-induced DNA damage, we also examined the effect of FHIT-deficiency on markers of genome instability in epithelial cells. FHIT-deficient cells exhibited increases in fragile breaks and in γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in G1 phase cells, confirming in epithelial cells that the FHIT gene and encompassing FRA3B, is a "caretaker gene" necessary for maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Susan Horton
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Joshua C. Saldivar
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Satoshi Miuma
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha R. Stampfer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nyla A. Heerema
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Snapshot of recent key developments in the patent literature of relevance to the advancement of pharmaceutical and medical R&D
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