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Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Paudel KR, Gupta S, Porwal O, Alshahrani SM, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Prasher P, Gupta G, Adams J, Dua K, Tewari D, Singh SK. Journey of Alpinia galanga from kitchen spice to nutraceutical to folk medicine to nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115144. [PMID: 35227783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd (AG), belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used as a spice and condiment in various culinary preparations of Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. It has been also used as a key ingredient in various traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of throat infection, asthma, urinary ailments, inflammation and rheumatism amongst other conditions. AG is widely used as a functional food and included in various preparations to obtain its nutraceutical and pharmacological benefits of its phytoconstituents such as phenyl propanoids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Over the past decades, several researchers have carried out systematic investigation on various parts of AG. Numerous studies on AG rhizomes have shown positive pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipsoriasis, antiallergic, neuroprotective and thermogenesis. Till date, no comprehensive review summarizing the exploitation of AG into nanomedicine has been published. AIM OF THE REVIEW This comprehensive review aims to briefly discuss cultivation methods, propagation techniques, extraction processes for AG. The ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activities of AG extracts and its isolates are discussed in detail which may contribute well in further development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) i.e. future nanomedicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about AG was collected using search engine tools such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review articles and research works were explored. The obtained data sets were sequentially arranged for better understanding of AG's potential. RESULTS More advanced genetic engineering techniques have been utilized in cultivation and propagation of AG for obtaining better yield. Extraction, isolation and characterization techniques have reported numerous phytoconstituents which are chemically phenolic compounds (phenyl propanoids, flavonoids, chalcones, lignans) and terpenes. Ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activity of AG are explored in numerous ailments, their mechanism of action and its further potential to explore into novel drug delivery system are also highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights the importance of plant tissue culture in increasing the production of AG plantlets and rhizomes. It was understood from the review that AG and its phytoconstituents possess numerous pharmacological activities and have been explored for the treatment of cancer, microbial infection, gastrointestinal disorders, neuroprotective effects, obesity and skin disorders. However, the use of AG as alternative medicine is limited owing to poor solubility of its bioactive components and their instability. To overcome these challenges, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been utilized and found good success in overcoming its aforementioned challenges. Furthermore, efforts are required towards development of scalable, non-toxic and stable NDDS of AG and/or its bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Saad M Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Kadukkattil Ramanunny A, Wadhwa S, Kumar Singh S, Kumar B, Gulati M, Kumar A, Almawash S, Al Saqr A, Gowthamrajan K, Dua K, Singh H, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Rahana Parveen S, Venkatesan A, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, Kumar Chellappan D. Topical non-aqueous nanoemulsion of Alpinia galanga extract for effective treatment in psoriasis: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121882. [PMID: 35671853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-aqueous nanoemulsion (NANE) of Alpinia galanga extract (AGE) was prepared using Palmester 3595 (MCT oil) as oil phase, Cremophor RH 40-Transcutol P® as surfactant-co-surfactant (Smix), and glycerin as non-aqueous polar continuous phase. The composition was optimized by applying three-level, four factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). The mean droplet size and zeta potential of the optimized AGE NANE was found to be 60.81 ± 18.88 nm and -7.99 ± 4.14 mV, respectively. The ex vivo permeation studies of AGE NANE and AGE per se on porcine skin reported flux of 125.58 ± 8.36 µg/cm2 h-1 and 12.02 ± 1.64 µg/cm2h-1, respectively. Therefore, the enhancement ratio has shown 10-folds increase in the flux for AGE NANE when compared to extract per se. Later, confocal laser scanning microcopy confirmed that AGE NANE were able to penetrate into skin's stratum by trans-follicular transport mechanism. The stability studies of AGE NANE confirmed its stability at 30 ± 2℃ /75 ± 5 % RH and 5 ± 3℃. The efficacy of AGE NANE was evaluated in vivo on imiquimod (IMQ) induced mouse model. The mice treated with low and high doses of AGE NANE (groups VI and VII) showed significant (p<0.05) amelioration of psoriasis. Results of histopathology indicated reduction in psoriasis area severity index in AGE NANE treated mice (group VI and group VII).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ankit Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Saud Almawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamrajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shaik Rahana Parveen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | | | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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Kojima-Yuasa A, Matsui-Yuasa I. Pharmacological Effects of 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate, a Major Constituent in the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera. J Med Food 2020; 23:465-475. [PMID: 32069429 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is found in the rhizomes or seeds of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera, which are used as traditional spices in cooking and traditional medicines in Southeast Asia. ACA possesses numerous medicinal properties. Those include anticancer, antiobesity, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. ACA is also observed to exhibit antidementia activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining ACA with other substances results in synergistic anticancer effects. The structural factors that regulate the activity of ACA include (1) the acetyl group at position 1', (2) the acetyl group at position 4, and (3) the unsaturated double bond between positions 2' and 3'. ACA induces the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the signal transduction pathways, and has an important role in the prevention of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such findings suggest that AMPK has a central role in different pharmacological functions of ACA, and ACA is useful for the prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical effects of ACA and to better understand its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Liu M, Veryser C, Lu JG, Wenseleers T, De Borggraeve WM, Jiang ZH, Luyten W. Bioassay-guided isolation of active substances from Semen Torreyae identifies two new anthelmintic compounds with novel mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:421-428. [PMID: 29933012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen Torreyae, the seeds of Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindley (Cephalotaxaceae) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 version). It is widely used for treating intestinal parasites in China, owing to its desirable efficacy and safety. However, the anthelmintic compounds in Semen Torreyae have not yet been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the compounds active against helminths from Semen Torreyae. In addition, we tested whether C. elegans strains resistant to currently-used anthelmintic drugs showed cross-resistance to these compounds. METHODS A bioassay-guided isolation of anthelmintic compounds from Semen Torreyae was performed using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) testing model. The structures of active compounds were elucidated by a combination of GC-MS, high resolution MS, and NMR. The median-effect method was employed to generate a combination index (CI) to evaluate the synergistic effect of the anthelmintic compounds. A panel of C. elegans mutant strains resistant against the major anthelmintic drug classes was used to study the cross-resistance to currently-used anthelmintic drugs. A panel of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel mutant strains was also tested to explore the possible mechanisms of action of the anthelmintic compounds. RESULTS The bioassay-guided isolation led to two active compounds, i.e. galangal acetate (IC50: 58.5 ± 8.9 μM) and miogadial (IC50: 25.1 ± 5.4 μM). The combination of galangal acetate and miogadial resulted in a synergistic effect at IC50, IC70, and IC90 levels (CIs < 1). Galangal acetate and miogadial demonstrated similar activity against drug-resistant C. elegans strains compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, none of the TRP mutants was significantly resistant to galangal acetate or miogadial compared to wild type worms. CONCLUSIONS We identified the bioactive compounds from Semen Torreyae responsible for its anthelmintic activity: galangal acetate and miogadial. The two anthelmintic compounds demonstrated a synergistic effect against C. elegans. Galangal acetate and miogadial are unlikely to act on the targets of currently-used anthelmintics (ivermectin, levamisole, benomyl and aldicarb), and an action on TRP channels appears to be ruled out as well. In summary, galangal acetate and miogadial are promising anthelmintic hits worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxuan Liu
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2465, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2465, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao F, Chang Y, Gao L, Qin X, Du G, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Protective effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract on D-galactose induced aging rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1401-1412. [PMID: 29855978 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), a traditional Chinese herb, has attracted considerable attention for its wide range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the intervention effects of SBG ethanol extract on aging rats induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and to explore potential mechanisms by serum and liver metabolic profiles. The aging rats were induced by the D-gal (100 mg/kg) for 10 weeks continuously with subcutaneous injection, while the control rats received physiological saline. Two other groups of rats were administered with 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of SBG by oral route following D-gal injections. The abilities of spatial and learning memory were evaluated by open-field test and Morris water maze test. Then, some biochemical indexes related to cognitive ability and aging were measured. Histopathological feature in hippocampal region was observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The changes of metabolic profiles were evaluated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. Results showed that SBG could significantly improve the learning and memory functions, reducing oxidative damage and histological abnormalities of hippocampus neurons. In addition, significant differences in the metabolic profiles were observed both in serum and liver between the model group and the control group. After the treatment using SBG, the levels of these metabolites are significantly changed back to their similar levels in the control group. These metabolic changes are related to the disturbance in amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism and choline metabolism. Hence, SBG may have the potential to improve neurodegeneration and provide brain protection. Graphical abstract A 1H NMR-based metabonomic study was conducted to provide a global view of metabolites related to D-gal induced aging rats and assess the holistic efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfen Chang
- Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shanxi Provincial Children Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China.
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