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Yun HM, Kim B, Kim SH, Kwon SH, Park KR. Xanol Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy and Inhibits Necroptosis and Metastasis via the Inhibition of AKT Signaling in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:1768. [PMID: 37443802 PMCID: PMC10340602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (A. keiskei) is used as a traditional medicine, anti-aging agent, and health food, as well as to restore vitality. Xanthoangelol (xanol), a prenylated chalcone, is the predominant constituent of A. keiskei. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy, has a high proliferation rate and frequent metastasis. However, it is unknown whether xanol has anti-OSCC effects on apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. In the present study, we purified xanol from A. keiskei and demonstrated that it suppressed cell proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in human OSCC. Xanol triggered apoptotic cell death by regulating apoptotic machinery molecules but inhibited necroptotic cell death by dephosphorylating the necroptotic machinery molecules RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in human OSCC. We also found that xanol inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and induced autophagosome formation by enhancing beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels and reducing p62 expression levels. Furthermore, we showed that xanol prevented the metastatic phenotypes of human OSCC by inhibiting migration and invasion via the reduction of MMP13 and VEGF. Finally, we demonstrated that xanol exerted anticancer effects on tumorigenicity associated with its transformed properties. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the anticancer effects and biological mechanism of action of xanol as an effective phytomedicine for human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
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Ran Q, Tao L, Zhou X, Li SM, Yuan CM, Yang S, Zhou K. Geranylation of Chalcones by a Fungal Aromatic Prenyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4675-4682. [PMID: 36893066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Geranylated chalcones mainly exist in plants, and many of them have attracted attention because of their diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Herein, we report geranylation of eight chalcones by the Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase AtaPT. Ten new mono-geranylated enzyme products (1G-5G, 6G1, 6G2, 7G, 8G1, and 8G2) were obtained. Most of the products are C-geranylated products with prenyl moieties at ring B. In comparison, plant aromatic prenyltransferases usually catalyze the geranylation at ring A. Therefore, AtaPT can be used complementarily for chalcone geranylation to increase the structural diversity of small molecules. In addition, seven compounds (1G, 3G, 4G, 6G1, 7G, 8G1, and 8G2) exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with the IC50 values ranging from 45.59 ± 3.48 to 82.85 ± 2.15 μg/mL. Among them, compound 7G (45.59 ± 3.48 μg/mL) was the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, which is about seven times stronger than the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 346.63 ± 15.65 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linlan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Synthesis of chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone and evaluation of their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in acute leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105315. [PMID: 34496319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been described as promising compounds with antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of three synthetic chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone (F07, F09, and F10) in acute leukemia cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) and examine the mechanisms of cell death induced by these compounds. The three compounds were cytotoxic to K562 and Jurkat cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.03 to 31.66 µM. Chalcones induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, resulting in activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. F07, F09, and F10 were not cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not produce any significant hemolytic activity, and did not affect platelet aggregation after ADP stimulation. These results, combined with calculations of molecular properties, suggest that chalcones F07, F09, and F10 are promising molecules for the development of novel antileukemic drugs.
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Zhou K, Yang S, Li SM. Naturally occurring prenylated chalcones from plants: structural diversity, distribution, activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2236-2260. [PMID: 33972962 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2020Naturally occurring chalcones carrying up to three modified or unmodified C5-, C10-, and C15-prenyl moieties on both rings A and B as well as at the α- and β-carbons are widely distributed in plants of the families of Fabaceae, Moraceae, Zingiberaceae and Cannabaceae. Xanthohumol and isobavachalcone being the most investigated representatives, exhibit diverse and remarkable biological and pharmacological activities. The present review deals with their structural characters, biological activities and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Biosynthesis of prenylated chalcones and metabolism of xanthohumol are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Guizhou University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huaxi Avenue 2708, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- Guizhou University, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Huaxi Avenue 2708, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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5
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The plant-derived chalcone Xanthoangelol targets the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhang Q, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Cui S, Wang J, Liu F, Yuan Y, Galons H, Yu P, Teng Y. 5-Acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36690-36698. [PMID: 35539063 PMCID: PMC9075125 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole and its derivatives are widely distributed in both animals and plants. Among its array of biological activities, the anti-tumor activity of indole has garnered much attention. Furthermore, the synthesis and activity of indole derivatives, including isatin, constitute a flourishing research topic. Previously, many isatin derivatives were synthesized by our group, and 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin was screened as a candidate anti-tumor agent. In this study, we found that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines, especially the human leukemia cell line K562. Morphological observation suggested that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in K562 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin induced mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in K562 cells. Moreover, it downregulated Cyclin B and CDC25C and upregulated p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (Thr14), and induced K562 cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Findings from wound healing as well as transwell assay determined that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin could suppress migration and chemotaxis in HepG2 liver cancer cells. 5-Acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin also inhibited angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line HUVEC, determined via a cell tube formation study. A clone formation study indicated that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and population dependence in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, our findings support that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin could be used as a potential antitumor candidate in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Ying Fu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yufan Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Jing Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Fengxi Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hervé Galons
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
- UCTBS, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 France
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
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7
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de Moura Escobar SJ, Simone M, Martin N, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Martinez GR, Winnischofer SMB, Witting PK, Rocha MEM. Cytotoxic effects of 4'-hydroxychalcone on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104640. [PMID: 31493544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive form of cancer with high mortality. Hydroxychalcones have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. However, the effect of the 4'-hydroxychalcone on neuroblastoma cells is unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of 4HC to neuroblastoma and the importance of mitochondrial effects in its action mechanism using an in vitro model of SH-SY5Y cells. Incubation of cultured SHSY5Y cells with 10-60 μM 4HC (24 h) decreased cell confluency, cellular metabolic activity and depleted intracellular ATP relative to the vehicle-treated control. The mechanism of 4HC-induced cell toxicity likely involves mitochondria dysfunctional as judged by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential and intracellular and morphological alterations. Furthermore, loss of cell viability was accompanied mainly by increase of phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of cells, suggesting that the flavonoid may induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and induced significant changes in the cell cycle progression. Our results showed the effects of 4HC in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctional, depletion of intracellular ATP levels, ROS increase, alteration in cell cycle progression and cellular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Janaina de Moura Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Martin
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Kenneth Witting
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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8
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Yang X, Xie J, Liu X, Li Z, Fang K, Zhang L, Han M, Zhang Z, Gong Z, Lin X, Shi X, Gao H, Lu K. Autophagy induction by xanthoangelol exhibits anti-metastatic activities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:128-138. [PMID: 30883849 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Xanthoangelol (XAG), a prenylated chalcone isolated from the Japanese herb Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, has been reported to exhibit antineoplastic properties. However, the specific anti-tumor activity of XAG in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the relevant mechanisms are not known. Herein, we evaluated the effect of XAG against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Although XAG treatment did not significantly reduce the viability of the Hep3B and Huh7 cell lines, it suppressed cell migration, invasion, and EMT. This anti-metastatic effect of XAG was due to induction of autophagy, because treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyadenine (3-MA) or knockdown of the pro-autophagy Beclin-1 effectively abrogated the XAG-induced suppression of metastasis. Mechanistically, XAG induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and XAG treatment dramatically increased the expression of p-AMPK while decreasing p-mTOR expression. In addition, blocking AMPK/mTOR axis with compound C abrogated the autophagy-mediated inhibition of metastasis. The murine model of HCC metastasis also showed that XAG effectively reduced the number of metastatic pulmonary nodules. Taken together, our results revealed that autophagy via the activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway is essential for the anti-metastatic effect of XAG against HCC. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the anti-tumor activity of XAG but also provide a basis for its clinical application in HCC. Before this study, evidence of XAG on HCC was purely anecdotal; present study provides the first comprehensive assessments of XAG on HCC metastasis and investigates its underlying mechanism. Results suggest that XAG exerts anti-metastatic properties against HCC through inducing autophagy which is mediated by the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This research extends our knowledge about the antineoplastic properties of XAG and suggests that induction autophagy may represent future treatment strategies for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Qingdao Fifth People's Hoespital (Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine), Qingdao, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Gong
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuezhu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianzhou Shi
- Northeast Yucai Bilingual School, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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6'-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone is cytotoxic against human leukaemia cells and induces caspase-8- and reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 298:137-145. [PMID: 30576621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of synthetic 6'-benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone on viabilities of seven human leukaemia cells. It was cytotoxic against U-937, HL-60, K-562, NALM-6, MOLT-3 cells, and also against Bcl-2-overexpressing U-937/Bcl-2 cells and P-glycoprotein-overexpressing K-562/ADR, but had no significant cytotoxic effects against quiescent or proliferating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This chalcone is a potent apoptotic inducer in human leukaemia U-937 cells. Cell death was (i) mediated by the activation and the cleavage of initiator and executioner caspases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; (ii) prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, and by the selective caspase-3/7, -6 and -8 inhibitors, and by a cathepsins B/L inhibitor; (iii) associated with the release of mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO; (iv) accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, (v) partially blocked by the inhibition of p38MAPK and (vi) mostly abrogated by catalase. In conclusion, the synthetic chalcone is cytotoxic against several types of human leukaemia cell with apoptosis being induced by activation of the extrinsic pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Li Z, Zhang L, Gao M, Han M, Liu K, Zhang Z, Gong Z, Xing L, Shi X, Lu K, Gao H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers Xanthoangelol-induced protective autophagy via activation of JNK/c-Jun Axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:8. [PMID: 30621754 PMCID: PMC6325734 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Xanthoangelol (XAG) was reported to exhibit antitumor properties in several cancer. However, the specific anti-tumor activity of XAG in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relevant mechanisms are not known. Methods The effects of XAG on HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis were respectively examined by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of proteins. The effect of XAG on the development of acidic vesicle organelles was assessed using acridine orange staining. mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus was used to transfect HCC cells and the formation of autolysosome was detected using a confocal microscope. Results Mechanistically, XAG promotes HCC cell death through triggering intrinsic apoptosis pathway, not extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, XAG treatment induced autophagy in Bel 7402 and SMMC 7721 cells, as evidenced by an increase in autophagy-associated proteins, including LC3B-II, Beclin-1, and Atg5. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA, Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), or siRNA targeting Atg5 effectively enhanced the apoptotic cell ratio in XAG-treated cells, indicating that protective effect of autophagy induced by XAG in HCC. Moreover, autophagy induced by XAG was mediated by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), along with administration of XAG, the expression levels of ERS-associated proteins, including CHOP, GRP78, ATF6, p-eIF2α, IRE1α, and cleaved caspase-12 were significantly increased in HCC cells. Meanwhile, suppressing ERS with chemical chaperones (TUDCA) or CHOP shRNA could effectively abrogate the autophagy-inducing effect of XAG, and increase the apoptotic cell death. Further mechanistic studies showed that ERS-induced autophagy in XAG-treated cells was mediated by activation of JNK/c-jun pathway. XAG treatment resulted in the increase of p-JNK and p-c-jun, while suppressing ERS with TUDCA or CHOP shRNA could effectively reverse it. Meanwhile, SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, effectively reversed XAG-induced protective autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis in XAG-treated HCC cells. In vivo results demonstrated that XAG exerts potent antitumor properties with low toxicity. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggested that XAG could be served as a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1012-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Mingquan Gao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhi Gong
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lifei Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xianzhou Shi
- Northeast Yucai Bilingual School, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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11
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Takac P, Kello M, Pilatova MB, Kudlickova Z, Vilkova M, Slepcikova P, Petik P, Mojzis J. New chalcone derivative exhibits antiproliferative potential by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and modulation of MAPK signalling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:37-49. [PMID: 29981726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated antiproliferative activity of seven newly synthesized chalcone derivatives. Among tested compounds, (2 E)-3-(acridin-9-yl)-1-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1C) was the most potent with IC50 = 4.1 μmol/L in human colorectal HCT116 cells and was selected for further studies. Inhibition of cell proliferation was associated with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and dysregulation of α, α1 and β5 tubulins. Moreover, 1C caused disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased number of cells with sub G0/G1 DNA content which is considered as marker of apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by annexin V/PI and AO/PI staining. Furthermore, we found increased concentration of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, cleavage of PARP as well as activation of DNA repair mechanisms in 1C-treated HCT116 cancer cells. Moreover this chalcone derivative up-regulated proapoptotic Bax expression and down-regulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Additionally, 1C treatment led to modulation of MAPKs and Akt signalling pathways. In conclusion, our data showed ability of 1C to suppress cancel cell growth and provide the rationale for further in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Takac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Bago Pilatova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kudlickova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Vilkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavlina Slepcikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Petik
- Department of Pathology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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