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Sulumer AN, Palabıyık E, Avcı B, Uguz H, Demir Y, Serhat Özaslan M, Aşkın H. Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 37749825 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Nery Neto JADO, Yariwake VY, Câmara NOS, Andrade-Oliveira V. Enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones as potential targets in the crossroad of the gut-kidney axis communication. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248757. [PMID: 37927592 PMCID: PMC10620747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that disruptions in intestinal homeostasis, such as changes in gut microbiota composition, infection, and inflammatory-related gut diseases, can be associated with kidney diseases. For instance, genomic investigations highlight how susceptibility genes linked to IgA nephropathy are also correlated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Conversely, investigations demonstrate that the use of short-chain fatty acids, produced through fermentation by intestinal bacteria, protects kidney function in models of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Thus, the dialogue between the gut and kidney seems to be crucial in maintaining their proper function, although the factors governing this crosstalk are still emerging as the field evolves. In recent years, a series of studies have highlighted the significance of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) which are part of the secretory lineage of the gut epithelial cells, as important components in gut-kidney crosstalk. EECs are distributed throughout the epithelial layer and release more than 20 hormones in response to microenvironment stimuli. Interestingly, some of these hormones and/or their pathways such as Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, gastrin, and somatostatin have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Therefore, the present review explores the role of EECs and their hormones as regulators of gut-kidney crosstalk and their potential impact on kidney diseases. This comprehensive exploration underscores the substantial contribution of EEC hormones in mediating gut-kidney communication and their promising potential for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arimatéa de Oliveira Nery Neto
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Banerjee S, Anand U, Ghosh S, Ray D, Ray P, Nandy S, Deshmukh GD, Tripathi V, Dey A. Bacosides from Bacopa monnieri extract: An overview of the effects on neurological disorders. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5668-5679. [PMID: 34254371 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From ancient history, complementary and alternative medicines have played a significant role as holistic therapeutic treatments of various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, and skin problems. One Indian medicinal plant (herb), Bacopa monnieri has been used in many parts of the world as such medicine, particularly for the treatment of various neurological disorders. It is well known as a potent "tonic for the human brain," which serves as a memory enhancer. Multiple studies proved that this herb contains a plethora of potential bioactive, phytochemical compounds with synergistic properties. The main purpose of the present review is to shed light on the use of Bacopa monnieri and its active principles (bacosides) in the management of neurological disorders. Furthermore, the signaling pathways modulated by bacosides have been critically discussed in this review. Moreover, we have critically summarized the present knowledge of this perennial creeping herb based upon the literature mining from different scientific engines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Suchhanda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Shri Shikshayatan College, Kolkata, India
| | - Durga Ray
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Puja Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ganpat Dewaji Deshmukh
- Department of Zoology, Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Arts & Science College, Nagbhid, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Bist R, Chaudhary B, Bhatt DK. Defensive proclivity of bacoside A and bromelain against oxidative stress and AChE gene expression induced by dichlorvos in the brain of Mus musculus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3668. [PMID: 33574433 PMCID: PMC7878736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of current study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of bacoside A and bromelain against dichlorvos induced toxicity. The healthy, 6-8 weeks old male Swiss mice were administered in separate groups subacute doses of dichlorvos (40 mg/kg bw), bacoside A (5 mg/kg bw) and bromelain (70 mg/kg bw). In order to determination of oxidative stress in different groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were studied in the present investigation. Moreover, for toxic manifestation at molecular level the site-specific gene amplification of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene was studied in the brain. Nonetheless, the protective effects of bacoside A and bromelain were also evaluated on the TBARS, PCC and AChE gene. The exposure of dichlorvos leads to significant increase in TBARS level (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) and PCC. Besides, the decline in DNA yield, expression of amplified products of AChE gene was observed in the brain of dichlorvos treated group. The bacoside A and bromelain treatments significantly decreased the level of TBARS (p < 0.05, (p < 0.01) and PCC whereas, increase in the DNA yield and expression of amplified AChE gene products were observed in the brain compared to only dichlorvos treated mice. The overall picture which emerged after critical evaluation of results indicated that the dichlorvos induced oxidative stress and alteration in AChE gene expression showed significant improvement owing to the treatments of bacoside A and bromelain. Thus, bacoside A and bromelain are very effective in alleviating neurotoxicity induced by dichlorvos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Bist
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
| | - Bharti Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - D K Bhatt
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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Abaukaka YA, Sanusi S, Ozigi KA, Malo FU. Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of dichlorvos (DDVP) using in silico classification model; a health hazard awareness in Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020016. [PMID: 32979901 PMCID: PMC7656162 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been abused in Nigeria for suicide attempts, topical applications to treat an ectoparasitic infestation, and indiscriminate use on farm produce. Exposure to this compound in subacute concentration can cause toxicity in different tissues by alteration of the cellular antioxidative defence mechanism. This analysis is aimed at the systematic profiling of DDVP to assess its cytotoxic and mutagenic potential for human vulnerability using an in silico classification model. DDVP was grouped into categories of analogue chemical compounds generated from inventories based on structural alerts that measure the biological effects on cell lines and animal models using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. The cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of DDVP was assessed by analyzing target endpoints like skin sensitization, oral/inhalation toxicity, neurotoxicity and mutagenicity. DDVP shows moderate sensitization potential that can induce skin irritation during prolonged exposure because of the presence of dichlorovenyl side-chain that interacts with cellular proteins and causes degradation. 50% lethal dose (LD50) of DDVP per body weight was determined to be 26.2 mg/kg in a rat model at 95% confidence range for acute oral toxicity, and 14.4 mmol/L was estimated as 50% lethal concentration (LC50) in the atmosphere due to acute inhalation toxicity. DDVP can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system to produce nicotinic and muscarinic symptoms like nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, salivation, bradycardia, and respiratory failure may cause death. The widely used pesticide causes weak DNA methylation which can repress gene transcription on promoter sites. DDVP is volatile so it can cause oral and inhalation toxicity coupled with neurotoxicity during prolonged exposure. Serum cholinesterase blood tests should be encouraged in federal and state hospitals to investigate related health challenges as DDVP is still used in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salihu Sanusi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Qods St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Kabir Abdullahi Ozigi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Qods St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
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Akande M, Ahmed U. Taurine abated subacute dichlorvos toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:463-466. [PMID: 28959675 PMCID: PMC5615161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of taurine in rats exposed to subacute dichlorvos toxicity. Fifty rats were weighed and assigned into five groups of ten rats each. The groups received: distilled water, soya oil (1 ml/kg), taurine (50 mg/kg), dichlorvos (10 mg/kg) and the combination treatment group received taurine first and then dichlorvos 30 min later. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. The rats were euthanized and blood samples were collected after the termination of the study. Serum samples were analysed for malondialdehyde concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Dichlorvos increased malondialdehyde concentration and reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. There was attenuation of malondialdehyde concentration and improvement of activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.0273) and catalase (P < 0.0001) in rats treated with taurine. It is postulated that taurine ameliorated dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress through the reduction of malondialdehyde concentration and the enhancement of activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Akande
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory 900001, Nigeria
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