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Xu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Du X, Sun Y, Zhan L, Wang W, Li Y. Exploring the molecular mechanisms by which per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances induce polycystic ovary syndrome through in silico toxicogenomic data mining. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116251. [PMID: 38537477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The pathogeny of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is intricate, with endocrine disruptors (EDCs) being acknowledged as significant environmental factors. Research has shown a link between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the development and progression of PCOS, although the precise mechanism is not fully understood. This study utilized toxicogenomics and comparative toxicogenomics databases to analyze data and investigate how PFAS mixtures may contribute to the development of PCOS. The results indicated that 74 genes are associated with both PFAS exposure and PCOS progression. Enrichment analysis suggested that cell cycle regulation and steroid hormone synthesis may be crucial pathways through which PFAS mixtures participate in the development of PCOS, involving important genes such as CCNB1 and SRD5A1. Furthermore, the study identified transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs that may be involved in the onset and progression of PCOS, constructing regulatory networks encompassing TFs-mRNA interactions and miRNA-mRNA relationships to elucidate their regulatory roles in gene expression. By utilizing data mining techniques based on toxicogenomic databases, this study provides relatively comprehensive insights into the association between exposure factors and diseases compared to traditional toxicology studies. These findings offer new perspectives for further in vivo or in vitro investigations and contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of PCOS, thereby providing valuable references for identifying clinical treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Ganzhou Ganxian District Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341100, China
| | - Jiake Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Xiushuai Du
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Liqin Zhan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China.
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Zhang D, Hu J, Li H. Perfluorooctanoic acid inhibits androgen biosynthesis in rat immature Leydig cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1700-1714. [PMID: 38050817 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a commonly used short-chain synthetic perfluoroalkyl agent. Immature Leydig cells (ILCs) are localized in the testis and responsible for androgen biosynthesis and metabolism. Although PFOA shows toxicity in the reproductive system, it is not clear if it disrupts the function of ILCs. In the present study, primary ILCs were isolated from 35-day-old rats and exposed to a range of PFOA concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM). It was determined that 0.1 or 1 μM PFOA reduced total androgen biosynthesis in ILCs. Specifically, 22R-hydroxycholesterol (22R), and pregnenolone (P5) mediated androgen biosynthesis were reduced by 0.1 μM PFOA. PFOA also selectively downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of steroidogenic enzymes including LHCGR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD1, and NR5A1 at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM. Further analysis revealed that 0.1 μM PFOA inhibited CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD1 enzyme activities. However, PFOA did not significantly affect androgen metabolism and turnover under any of the conditions tested. And PFOA gavaging to 35-day-old rats at 5 or 10 mg/kg for 7 or 14 days also reduced serum androgen levels secreted by ILCs. Moreover, PFOA gavaging also downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of LHCGR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD1, and NR5A1 in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that PFOA inhibits androgen biosynthesis in ILCs by selectively targeting key enzymes in the synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heming Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Understanding the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on early skin development: Role of ciliogenesis inhibition and altered microtubule dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169702. [PMID: 38163615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of highly stable chemicals, widely used in everyday products, and widespread in the environment, even in pregnant women. While epidemiological studies have linked prenatal exposure to PFAS with atopic dermatitis in children, little is known about their toxic effects on skin development, especially during the embryonic stage. In this study, we utilized human embryonic stem cells to generate non-neural ectoderm (NNE) cells and exposed them to six PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid (PFBA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBS)) during the differentiation process to assess their toxicity to early skin development. Our results showed that PFOS altered the spindle-like morphology of NNE cells to a pebble-like morphology, and disrupted several NNE markers, including KRT16, SMYD1, and WISP1. The six PFAS had a high potential to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) by disrupting the expression levels of HED-relevant genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFOS treatment produced the highest number (1156) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the six PFAS, including the keratinocyte-related genes KRT6A, KRT17, KRT18, KRT24, KRT40, and KRT81. Additionally, we found that PFOS treatment disturbed several signaling pathways that are involved in regulating skin cell fate decisions and differentiation, including TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling pathways. Interestingly, we discovered that PFOS inhibited, by partially interfering with the expression of cytoskeleton-related genes, the ciliogenesis of NNE cells, which is crucial for the intercellular transduction of the above-mentioned signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests that PFAS can inhibit ciliogenesis and hamper the transduction of important signaling pathways, leading potential congenital skin diseases. It sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of early embryonic skin developmental toxicity and provides an explanation for the epidemiological data on PFAS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: We employed a model based on human embryonic stem cells to demonstrate that PFOS has the potential to elevate the risk of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This is achieved by targeting cilia, inhibiting ciliogenesis, and subsequently disrupting crucial signaling pathways like TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo, during the early phases of embryonic skin development. Our study highlights the dangers and potential impacts of six PFAS pollutants on human skin development. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of closely considering PFHxA, PFBA, PFHxS, and PFBS, as they have shown the capacity to modify gene expression levels, albeit to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Umar Ijaz M, Rauf A, Mustafa S, Ahmed H, Ashraf A, Al-Ghanim K, Swamy Mruthinti S, Mahboob S. Pachypodol attenuates Perfluorooctane sulphonate-induced testicular damage by reducing oxidative stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1380-1385. [PMID: 35280584 PMCID: PMC8913419 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) with potentially adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Pachypodol (5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone) is a promising flavonoid isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth that shows a broad range of pharmacological properties. However, the potential curative effects of pachypodol on testicular toxicity are not available until now. Therefore, this research was proposed to examine the efficiency of pachypodol against PFOS-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats. The experiments were conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48), which were equally distributed into four groups: control, PFOS (20 mg/kg), PFOS + Pachypodol (20 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg respectively), and Pachypodol (10 mg/kg). After 56 days of treatment, testes were excised by slaughtering rats, weighed, and stored till further analysis. The estimated parameters include biochemical markers, spermatogenic indices, hormonal and histopathological profiles. PFOS exposure disturbed the biochemical profile by altering the antioxidant/oxidant balance. For instance, it decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GSR) while increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). PFOS intoxication also led to a notable decline in viability, motility, epididymal sperm count, and the number of HOS coiled-tail sperms, whereas the higher level of abnormality in the head, mid-piece, and tail of sperms were observed. Besides, it lowered luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and plasma testosterone. In addition, PFOS exposure led to histopathological damages in testicles. However, pachypodol treatment potently alleviated all the illustrated impairments in testes. Conclusively, our results demonstrate the promising free-radical scavenging activity of pachypodol, a novel phytochemical, against the PFOS-instigated testicular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Rauf
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu Q, Li H, Wen Z, Wang Y, Li X, Huang T, Mo J, Wu Y, Zhong Y, Ge RS. Perfluoroalkyl substances cause Leydig cell dysfunction as endocrine disruptors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126764. [PMID: 32464778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of man-made organic substances. Some of PFASs have been classified as persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors. They might interfere with the male sex endocrine system, causing the abnormal development of the male reproductive tract and failure of pubertal onset and infertility. The present review discusses the development and function of two generations of Leydig cells in rodents and the effects of PFASs on Leydig cell development after their exposure in gestational and postnatal periods. We also discuss human epidemiological data for the effects of PFASs on male sex hormone levels. The structure-activity relationship of PFASs on Leydig cell steroidogenesis and enzyme activities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang H, Lu H, Chen P, Chen X, Sun C, Ge RS, Su Z, Ye L. Effects of gestational Perfluorooctane Sulfonate exposure on the developments of fetal and adult Leydig cells in F1 males. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114241. [PMID: 32120262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have showed that some of the most common male reproductive disorders present in adult life might have a fetal origin. Perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) is one of the major environmental pollutants that may affect the development of male reproductive system if exposed during fetal or pubertal periods. However, whether PFOS exposure during fetal period affects testicular functions in the adult is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of a brief gestational exposure to PFOS on the development of adult Leydig- and Sertoli-cells in the male offspring. Eighteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and each received 0, 1 or 5 mg/kg/day PFOS from gestational day 5-20. The testicular functions of F1 males were evaluated on day 1, 35 and 90 after birth. PFOS treatment significantly decreased serum testosterone levels of animals by all three ages examined. The expression level of multiple mRNAs and proteins of Leydig (Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3) and Sertoli (Dhh and Sox9) cells were also down-regulated by day 1 and 90. PFOS exposure might also inhibit Leydig cell proliferation since the number of PCNA-positive Leydig cells were significantly reduced by postnatal day 35. Accompanied by changes in Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation, PFOS also significantly reduced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β while increased phosphorylation of β-catenin. In conclusion, gestational PFOS exposure may have significant long-term effects on adult testicular functions of the F1 offspring. Changes in Wnt signaling may play a role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hemin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xipo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chengcheng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Lu H, Zhang H, Gao J, Li Z, Bao S, Chen X, Wang Y, Ge R, Ye L. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on stem Leydig cell functions in the rat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:206-215. [PMID: 30999198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) are two perfluorinated chemical products widely existing in the environment. Evidence suggested that PFOA might relate to male reproductive dysfunction in rats and humans. PFOA exposure inhibited the function of Leydig cells. However, it is still unknown whether PFOA affects stem Leydig cells (SLCs). In the present study, we examined the effects of a short-term exposure to PFOA on Leydig cell regeneration and also explored the possible mechanism involved. Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 75 mg/kg ethane dimethyl sulfonate (EDS) to eliminate all Leydig cells. From post-EDS day 7, the 3 group rats received 0, 25 or 50 mg/kg/day PFOA (n = 12 per group) for 9 consecutive days. Exposure to PFOA significantly decreased serum testosterone levels by day 21 and day 56 post-EDS treatment. Also, the expression levels of Leydig cell specific genes (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd11b1 and Cyp17a1) and their protein levels were all down-regulated. PFOA exposure may also affect proliferation of SLCs or their progeny since the numbers of PCNA-positive Leydig cells were reduced by post-EDS day 21. These in vivo observations were also confirmed by in vitro studies where the effects of PFOA were tested by culture of seminiferous tubules. In summary, PFOA exposure inhibits the development of Leydig cells, possibly by affecting both the proliferation and differentiation of SLCs or their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Suhao Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Chang S, Butenhoff JL, Parker GA, Coder PS, Zitzow JD, Krisko RM, Bjork JA, Wallace KB, Seed JG. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate in CD-1 mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:150-168. [PMID: 29694846 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate (K+PFHxS) was evaluated for reproductive/developmental toxicity in CD-1 mice. Up to 3 mg/kg-d K+PFHxS was administered (n = 30/sex/group) before mating, for at least 42 days in F0 males, and for F0 females, through gestation and lactation. F1 pups were directly dosed with K+PFHxS for 14 days after weaning. There was an equivocal decrease in live litter size at 1 and 3 mg/kg-d, but the pup-born-to-implant ratio was unaffected. Adaptive hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed, and in 3 mg/kg-d F0 males, it was accompanied by concomitant decreased serum cholesterol and increased alkaline phosphatase. There were no other toxicologically significant findings on reproductive parameters, hematology/clinical pathology/TSH, neurobehavioral effects, or histopathology. There were no treatment-related effects on postnatal survival, development, or onset of preputial separation or vaginal opening in F1 mice. Consistent with previous studies, our data suggest that the potency of PFHxS is much lower than PFOS in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Chang
- 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul, MN 55144, United States.
| | | | - George A Parker
- Charles River Pathology Associates Inc, Durham NC 27703, United States
| | - Prägati S Coder
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, OH 44805, United States
| | | | - Ryan M Krisko
- 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul, MN 55144, United States
| | - James A Bjork
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Kendall B Wallace
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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