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Nesterov SV, Ilyinsky NS, Plokhikh KS, Manuylov VD, Chesnokov YM, Vasilov RG, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Gordeliy VI, Fonin AV, Uversky VN. Order wrapped in chaos: On the roles of intrinsically disordered proteins and RNAs in the arrangement of the mitochondrial enzymatic machines. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131455. [PMID: 38588835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of cryo-electron tomography images of human and rat mitochondria revealed that the mitochondrial matrix is at least as crowded as the cytosol. To mitigate the crowding effects, metabolite transport in the mitochondria primarily occurs through the intermembrane space, which is significantly less crowded. The scientific literature largely ignores how enzyme systems and metabolite transport are organized in the crowded environment of the mitochondrial matrix. Under crowded conditions, multivalent interactions carried out by disordered protein regions (IDRs), may become extremely important. We analyzed the human mitochondrial proteome to determine the presence and physiological significance of IDRs. Despite mitochondrial proteins being generally more ordered than cytosolic or overall proteome proteins, disordered regions plays a significant role in certain mitochondrial compartments and processes. Even in highly ordered enzyme systems, there are proteins with long IDRs. Some IDRs act as binding elements between highly ordered subunits, while the roles of others are not yet established. Mitochondrial systems, like their bacterial ancestors, rely less on IDRs and more on RNA for LLPS compartmentalization. More evolutionarily advanced subsystems that enable mitochondria-cell interactions contain more IDRs. The study highlights the crucial and often overlooked role played by IDRs and non-coding RNAs in mitochondrial organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen V Nesterov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Techonology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Techonology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia.
| | | | - Vladimir D Manuylov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Techonology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | | | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-CNRS, 38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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2
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Nesterov SV, Plokhikh KS, Chesnokov YM, Mustafin DA, Goleva TN, Rogov AG, Vasilov RG, Yaguzhinsky LS. Safari with an Electron Gun: Visualization of Protein and Membrane Interactions in Mitochondria in Natural Environment. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:257-268. [PMID: 38622094 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents new structural data about mitochondria using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and cryo-electron tomography. These state-of-the-art structural biology methods allow studying biological objects at nanometer scales under natural conditions. Non-invasiveness of these methods makes them comparable to observing animals in their natural environment on a safari. The paper highlights two areas of research that can only be accomplished using these methods. The study visualized location of the Aβ42 amyloid aggregates in relation to mitochondria to test a hypothesis of development of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that the Aβ42 aggregates do not interact with mitochondria, although some of them are closely located. Therefore, the study demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is not directly associated with the effects of aggregates on mitochondrial structure. Other processes should be considered as sources of mitochondrial dysfunction. Second unique area presented in this work is high-resolution visualization of the mitochondrial membranes and proteins in them. Analysis of the cryo-ET data reveals toroidal holes in the lamellar structures of cardiac mitochondrial cristae, where ATP synthases are located. The study proposes a new mechanism for sorting and clustering protein complexes in the membrane based on topology. According to this suggestion, position of the OXPHOS system proteins in the membrane is determined by its curvature. High-resolution tomography expands and complements existing ideas about the structural and functional organization of mitochondria. This makes it possible to study the previously inaccessible structural interactions of proteins with each other and with membranes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen V Nesterov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | | | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Denis A Mustafin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Tatyana N Goleva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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3
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Plokhikh KS, Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Rogov AG, Kamyshinsky RA, Vasiliev AL, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Association of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes with respirasomes in mitochondria. FEBS J 2024; 291:132-141. [PMID: 37789611 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, cryo-electron tomography was used to investigate the localization of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (OADCs) in cardiac mitochondria and mitochondrial inner membrane samples. Two classes of ordered OADC inner cores with different symmetries were distinguished and their quaternary structures modeled. One class corresponds to pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes and the other to dehydrogenase complexes of α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-ketoacids. OADCs were shown to be localized in close proximity to membrane-embedded respirasomes, as observed both in densely packed lamellar cristae of cardiac mitochondria and in ruptured mitochondrial samples where the dense packing is absent. This suggests the specificity of the OADC-respirasome interaction, which allows localized NADH/NAD+ exchange between OADCs and complex I of the respiratory chain. The importance of this local coupling is based on OADCs being the link between respiration, glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. The coupling of these basic metabolic processes can vary in different tissues and conditions and may be involved in the development of various pathologies. The present study shows that this important and previously missing parameter of mitochondrial complex coupling can be successfully assessed using cryo-electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Plokhikh
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Kamyshinsky
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L Vasiliev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Costa-Machado LF, Garcia-Dominguez E, McIntyre RL, Lopez-Aceituno JL, Ballesteros-Gonzalez Á, Tapia-Gonzalez A, Fabregat-Safont D, Eisenberg T, Gomez J, Plaza A, Sierra-Ramirez A, Perez M, Villanueva-Bermejo D, Fornari T, Loza MI, Herradon G, Hofer SJ, Magnes C, Madeo F, Duerr JS, Pozo OJ, Galindo MI, Del Pino I, Houtkooper RH, Megias D, Viña J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Peripheral modulation of antidepressant targets MAO-B and GABAAR by harmol induces mitohormesis and delays aging in preclinical models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2779. [PMID: 37188705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible and sub-lethal stresses to the mitochondria elicit a program of compensatory responses that ultimately improve mitochondrial function, a conserved anti-aging mechanism termed mitohormesis. Here, we show that harmol, a member of the beta-carbolines family with anti-depressant properties, improves mitochondrial function and metabolic parameters, and extends healthspan. Treatment with harmol induces a transient mitochondrial depolarization, a strong mitophagy response, and the AMPK compensatory pathway both in cultured C2C12 myotubes and in male mouse liver, brown adipose tissue and muscle, even though harmol crosses poorly the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, simultaneous modulation of the targets of harmol monoamine-oxidase B and GABA-A receptor reproduces harmol-induced mitochondrial improvements. Diet-induced pre-diabetic male mice improve their glucose tolerance, liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity after treatment with harmol. Harmol or a combination of monoamine oxidase B and GABA-A receptor modulators extend the lifespan of hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans or female Drosophila melanogaster. Finally, two-year-old male and female mice treated with harmol exhibit delayed frailty onset with improved glycemia, exercise performance and strength. Our results reveal that peripheral targeting of monoamine oxidase B and GABA-A receptor, common antidepressant targets, extends healthspan through mitohormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
- Kaertor Foundation, EMPRENDIA Building, Floor 2, Office 4, Campus Vida, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- BioFarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebecca L McIntyre
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ballesteros-Gonzalez
- Developmental Biology and Disease Models Group, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Tapia-Gonzalez
- Neural Plasticity Group, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Fabregat-Safont
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute - (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jesús Gomez
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Plaza
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Sierra-Ramirez
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Perez
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Villanueva-Bermejo
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Kaertor Foundation, EMPRENDIA Building, Floor 2, Office 4, Campus Vida, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- BioFarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradon
- Lab. Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Janet S Duerr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute - (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximo-Ibo Galindo
- Developmental Biology and Disease Models Group, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- UPV-CIPF Joint Research Unit "Disease Mechanisms and Nanomedicine". Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Del Pino
- Neural Plasticity Group, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diego Megias
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Soda T, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, Moccia F. The Emerging Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological Implications, Pathological Consequences, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043914. [PMID: 36835323 PMCID: PMC9965111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, mediate the slow component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and induce long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are non-selective cation channels that allow the influx of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and control cellular activity via both membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The distribution, structure, and role of neuronal NMDARs have been extensively investigated and it is now known that they also regulate crucial functions in the non-neuronal cellular component of the CNS, i.e., astrocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. In addition, NMDARs are expressed in multiple peripheral organs, including heart and systemic and pulmonary circulations. Herein, we survey the most recent information available regarding the distribution and function of NMDARs within the cardiovascular system. We describe the involvement of NMDARs in the modulation of heart rate and cardiac rhythm, in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In parallel, we describe how enhanced NMDAR activity could promote ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and BBB dysfunction. Targeting NMDARs could represent an unexpected pharmacological strategy to reduce the growing burden of several life-threatening cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987613
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6
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Central and cardiac stress resiliences consistently linked to integrated immuno-neuroendocrine responses across stress models in male mice. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4333-4362. [PMID: 35763309 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress resilience, and behavioural and cardiovascular impacts of chronic stress, are theorised to involve integrated neuro-endocrine/inflammatory/transmitter/trophin signalling. We tested for this integration, and whether behaviour/emotionality, together with myocardial ischaemic tolerance, are consistently linked to these pathways across diverse conditions in male C57Bl/6 mice. This included: Restraint Stress (RS), 1 hr restraint/day for 14 days; Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS), 7 stressors randomised over 21 days; Social Stress (SS), 35 days social isolation with brief social encounters in final 13 days; and Control conditions (CTRL; un-stressed mice). Behaviour was assessed via open field (OFT) and sucrose preference (SPT) tests, and neurobiology from frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampal transcripts. Endocrine factors, and function and ischaemic tolerance in isolated hearts, were also measured. Model characteristics ranged from no behavioural or myocardial changes with homotypic RS, to increased emotionality and cardiac ischaemic injury (with apparently distinct endocrine/neurobiological profiles) in CUMS and SS models. Highly integrated expression of HPA axis, neuro-inflammatory, BDNF, monoamine, GABA, cannabinoid and opioid signalling genes was confirmed across conditions, and consistent/potentially causal correlations identified for: i) Locomotor activity (noradrenaline, ghrelin; FC Crhr1, Tnfrsf1b, Il33, Nfkb1, Maoa, Gabra1; hippocampal Il33); ii) Thigmotaxis (adrenaline, leptin); iii) Anxiety-like behaviour (adrenaline, leptin; FC Tnfrsf1a; hippocampal Il33); iv) Depressive-like behaviour (ghrelin; FC/hippocampal s100a8); and v) Cardiac stress-resistance (noradrenaline, leptin; FC Il33, Tnfrsf1b, Htr1a, Gabra1, Gabrg2; hippocampal Il33, Tnfrsf1a, Maoa, Drd2). Data support highly integrated pathway responses to stress, and consistent adipokine, sympatho-adrenergic, inflammatory and monoamine involvement in mood and myocardial disturbances across diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Australia
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7
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Iwata Y, Nakade Y, Kitajima S, Nakagawa SY, Oshima M, Sakai N, Ogura H, Sato K, Toyama T, Yamamura Y, Miyagawa T, Yamazaki H, Hara A, Shimizu M, Furuichi K, Mita M, Hamase K, Tanaka T, Nishida M, Muramatsu W, Yamamoto H, Shichino S, Ueha S, Matsushima K, Wada T. Protective Effect of D-Alanine Against Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F667-F679. [PMID: 35435002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00198.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed the connection between amino acid chirality and diseases. We previously reported that the gut microbiota produced various D-amino acids in a murine acute kidney injury (AKI) model. Here, we further explore the pathophysiological role of D-Alanine (Ala) in AKI. METHODS We analyzed the transcripts of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a receptor for D-Ala, in tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Then, the therapeutic effect of D-Ala was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Lastly, the plasma level of D-Ala was evaluated in AKI patients. RESULTS The Grin genes encoding NMDA receptor subtypes were expressed in TECs. Hypoxia condition changes the gene expressions of Grin1, Grin2A and Grin2B. D-Ala protected TECs from hypoxia-related cell injury and induced proliferation after hypoxia. These protective effects are associated with the chirality of D-Ala. D-Ala inhibits ROS production and improves mitochondrial membrane potential, through NMDA receptor signaling. The ratio of D-Ala/L-Ala was increased in feces, plasma, and urine after the induction of I/R. Moreover, enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca produced D-Ala. The oral administration of D-Ala ameliorated kidney injury after I/R induction in mice. The deficiency of NMDA subunit NR1 on tubular cell worsened kidney damage in AKI. In addition, the plasma level of D-Ala was increased and reflected the level of renal function in AKI patients. CONCLUSIONS D-Ala has protective effects on I/R-induced kidney injury. Moreover, the plasma level of D-Ala reflects the eGFR in AKI patients. D-Ala could be a promising therapeutic target and potential biomarker for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iwata
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakade
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Miyagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroka Yamazaki
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems and Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems and Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wataru Muramatsu
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chiba, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chiba, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chiba, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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8
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Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Zhang M, Zhong H, Cao T, Huang Y, Ji X, Fan GC, Peng T. Gamma-Aminobutyrate Transaminase Protects against Lipid Overload-Triggered Cardiac Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042182. [PMID: 35216295 PMCID: PMC8874535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid overload contributes to cardiac complications of diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study investigates the role of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (ABAT), the key enzyme involved in the catabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Microarray revealed a down-regulation of ABAT mRNA expression in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse hearts, which correlated with a reduction in ABAT protein level and its GABA catabolic activity. Transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific ABAT over-expression (Tg-ABAT/tTA) were generated to determine the role of ABAT in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Feeding with a HFD to control mice for 4 months reduced ATP production and the mitochondrial DNA copy number, and induced myocardial oxidative stress, hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Such pathological effects of HFD were mitigated by ABAT over-expression in Tg-ABAT/tTA mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, palmitate increased mitochondrial ROS production, depleted ATP production and promoted apoptosis, all of which were attenuated by ABAT over-expression. With the inhibition of ABAT’s GABA catabolic activity, the protective effects of ABAT remained unchanged in palmitate-induced cardiomyocytes. Thus, ABAT protects the mitochondrial function in defending the heart against lipid overload-induced injury through mechanisms independent of its GABA catabolic activity, and may represent a new therapeutic target for lipid overload-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Huiting Zhong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ting Cao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yifan Huang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- VRLA6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-6858500-55441
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10
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Poles MZ, Nászai A, Gulácsi L, Czakó BL, Gál KG, Glenz RJ, Dookhun D, Rutai A, Tallósy SP, Szabó A, Lőrinczi B, Szatmári I, Fülöp F, Vécsei L, Boros M, Juhász L, Kaszaki J. Kynurenic Acid and Its Synthetic Derivatives Protect Against Sepsis-Associated Neutrophil Activation and Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717157. [PMID: 34475875 PMCID: PMC8406694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The systemic host response in sepsis is frequently accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Evidence suggests that excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and that the evolving mitochondrial damage may contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan catabolism, exerts pleiotropic cell-protective effects under pro-inflammatory conditions. Our aim was to investigate whether exogenous KYNA or its synthetic analogues SZR-72 and SZR-104 affect BBB permeability secondary to NET formation and influence cerebral mitochondrial disturbances in a clinically relevant rodent model of intraabdominal sepsis. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to fecal peritonitis (0.6 g kg-1 ip) or a sham operation. Septic animals were treated with saline or KYNA, SZR-72 or SZR-104 (160 µmol kg-1 each ip) 16h and 22h after induction. Invasive monitoring was performed on anesthetized animals to evaluate respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and metabolic parameters to calculate rat organ failure assessment (ROFA) scores. NET components (citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3); myeloperoxidase (MPO)) and the NET inducer IL-1β, as well as IL-6 and a brain injury marker (S100B) were detected from plasma samples. After 24h, leukocyte infiltration (tissue MPO) and mitochondrial complex I- and II-linked (CI–CII) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were evaluated. In a separate series, Evans Blue extravasation and the edema index were used to assess BBB permeability in the same regions. Results Sepsis was characterized by significantly elevated ROFA scores, while the increased BBB permeability and plasma S100B levels demonstrated brain damage. Plasma levels of CitH3, MPO and IL-1β were elevated in sepsis but were ameliorated by KYNA and its synthetic analogues. The sepsis-induced deterioration in tissue CI–CII-linked OXPHOS and BBB parameters as well as the increase in tissue MPO content were positively affected by KYNA/KYNA analogues. Conclusion This study is the first to report that KYNA and KYNA analogues are potential neuroprotective agents in experimental sepsis. The proposed mechanistic steps involve reduced peripheral NET formation, lowered BBB permeability changes and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Z Poles
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Nászai
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Gulácsi
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint L Czakó
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián G Gál
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Romy J Glenz
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dishana Dookhun
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Rutai
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs P Tallósy
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Research Group for Stereochemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Research Group for Stereochemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Research Group for Stereochemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-University of Szeged (SZTE), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Juhász
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Ishii M, Beeson G, Beeson C, Rohrer B. Mitochondrial C3a Receptor Activation in Oxidatively Stressed Epithelial Cells Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628062. [PMID: 33746964 PMCID: PMC7973370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement component 3 fragment C3a is an anaphylatoxin involved in promoting cellular responses important in immune response and host defense. Its receptor (C3a receptor, C3aR) is distributed on the plasma membrane; however, lysosomal localization in immune cells has been reported. Oxidative stress increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS activate complement signaling in immune cells and metabolic reprogramming. Here we tested oxidative stress and intracellular complement in mitochondrial dysfunction in RPE cells using high resolution live-cell imaging, and metabolism analysis in isolated mitochondria using Seahorse technology. While C3aR levels were unaffected by oxidative stress, its cell membrane levels decreased and mitochondrial (mt) localization increased. Trafficking was dependent on endocytosis, utilizing endosomal-to-mitochondrial cargo transfer. H2O2-treatment also increased C3a-mtC3aR co-localization dose-dependently. In isolated mitochondria from H2O2-treated cells C3a increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, that could be inhibited by C3aR antagonism (SB290157), mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter blocker (Ru360), and Gαi-protein inhibition (pertussis toxin, PTX); and inhibited mitochondrial repiration in an SB290157- and PTX-dependent manner. Specifically, mtC3aR activation inhibited state III ADP-driven respiration and maximal respiratory capacity. Mitochondria from control cells did not respond to C3a. Furthermore, transmitochondrial cybrid ARPE-19 cells harboring J haplogroup mitochondria that confer risk for age-related macular degeneration, showed high levels of mtC3aR and reduced ATP production upon C3a stimulation. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress increases mtC3aR, leading to altered mitochondrial calcium uptake and ATP production. These studies will have important implication in our understanding on the balance of extra- and intracellular complement signaling in controlling cellular health and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ishii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gyda Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Craig Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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12
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Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Kamyshinsky RA, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Determining the Structure and Location of the ATP Synthase in the Membranes of Rat’s Heart Mitochondria Using Cryoelectron Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078020010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Juhász L, Rutai A, Fejes R, Tallósy SP, Poles MZ, Szabó A, Szatmári I, Fülöp F, Vécsei L, Boros M, Kaszaki J. Divergent Effects of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Kynurenic Acid and the Synthetic Analog SZR-72 on Microcirculatory and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Sepsis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:566582. [PMID: 33330526 PMCID: PMC7729001 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.566582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection with macro- and microhemodynamic deterioration. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism with pleiotropic cell-protective effects under pro-inflammatory conditions. Our aim was to investigate whether exogenously administered KYNA or the synthetic analog SZR-72 affects the microcirculation and mitochondrial function in a clinically relevant rodent model of intraabdominal sepsis. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 8/group) were subjected to fecal peritonitis (0.6 g kg−1 feces ip) or a sham operation. Septic animals were treated with sterile saline or received ip KYNA or SZR-72 (160 μmol kg−1 each) 16 and 22 h after induction. Invasive monitoring was performed on anesthetized animals to evaluate respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and metabolic dysfunctions (PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mean arterial pressure, urea, AST/ALT ratio and lactate levels, respectively) based on the Rat Organ Failure Assessment (ROFA) score. The ratio of perfused vessels (PPV) of the ileal serosa was quantified with the intravital imaging technique. Complex I- and II-linked (CI; CII) oxidative phosphorylation capacities (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt) were evaluated by High-Resolution FluoRespirometry (O2k, Oroboros, Austria) in liver biopsies. Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), IL-6, intestinal nitrotyrosine (NT) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities were measured as inflammatory markers. Results: Sepsis was characterized by an increased ROFA score (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7), increased ET-1, IL-6, NT and XOR levels, and decreased serosal PPV (65 ± 12% vs. 87 ± 7%), ΔΨmt and CI–CII-linked OXPHOS (73 ± 16 vs. 158 ± 14, and 189 ± 67 vs. 328 ± 81, respectively) as compared to controls. Both KYNA and SZR-72 reduced systemic inflammatory activation; KYNA treatment decreased serosal perfusion heterogeneity, restored PPV (85 ± 11%) and complex II-linked OXPHOS (307 ± 38), whereas SZR-72 improved both CI- and CII-linked OXPHOS (CI: 117 ± 18; CII: 445 ± 107) without effects on PPV 24 h after sepsis induction. Conclusion: Treatment with SZR-72 directly modulates mitochondrial respiration, leading to improved conversion of ADP to ATP, while administration of KYNA restores microcirculatory dysfunction. The results suggest that microcirculatory and mitochondrial resuscitation with KYNA or the synthetic analog SZR-72 might be an appropriate supportive tool in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Juhász
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Rutai
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Fejes
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs P Tallósy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marietta Z Poles
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Research Group for Stereochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Research Group for Stereochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-University of Szeged (SZTE), Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Shevtsova EF, Maltsev AV, Vinogradova DV, Shevtsov PN, Bachurin SO. Mitochondria as a promising target for developing novel agents for treating Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:803-827. [PMID: 32687230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria-targeting drugs can be conventionally divided into the following groups: those compensating for the energy deficit involved in neurodegeneration, including stimulants of mitochondrial bioenergetics and activators of mitochondrial biogenesis; and neuroprotectors, that are compounds increasing the resistance of mitochondria to opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores. Although compensating for the energy deficit and inhibition of MPT are obvious targets for drugs used in the very early stages of Alzheimer-like pathology, but their use as the monotherapy for patients with severe symptoms is unlikely to be sufficiently effective. It would be optimal to combine targets that would provide the cognitive-stimulating, the neuroprotective effects and the ability to affect specific disease-forming mechanisms. In the design of such drugs, assessment of their potential mitochondrial-targeted effects is of particular importance. The possibility of targeted drug design for simultaneous action on mitochondrial and neurotransmitter's receptors targets is, in particularly, based on the known interplay of various cellular pathways and the presence of common structural components. Of particular interest is directed search for multitarget drugs that would act simultaneously on mitochondrial calcium-dependent functions, the targets (receptors, enzymes, etc.) facilitating neurotransmission, and the molecular targets related to the action of so-called disease-modifying factors, in particular, the formation and overcoming of the toxicity of β-amyloid or hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The examples of such approaches realized on the level of preclinical and clinical trials are presented below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Shevtsova
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V Maltsev
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Darya V Vinogradova
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel N Shevtsov
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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15
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Ca (2+)N It Be Measured? Detection of Extramitochondrial Calcium Movement With High-Resolution FluoRespirometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19229. [PMID: 31848391 PMCID: PMC6917783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to develop a method to detect extramitochondrial Ca2+ movement and O2 fluxes simultaneously. Using High-Resolution FluoRespirometry, we also tested whether mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibition or anoxia affects the mitochondrial Ca2+ flux. Ca2+ movement evoked by CaCl2 or anoxia was assessed with CaGreen-5N dye using Blue-Fluorescence-Sensor in isolated liver mitochondria, liver homogenates and duodenal biopsies. Exogenous CaCl2 (50 µM) resulted in an abrupt elevation in CaGreen-5N fluorescence followed by a decrease (Ca2+ uptake) with simultaneous elevation in O2 consumption in liver preparations. This was followed by a rapid increase in the fluorescence signal, reaching a higher intensity (Ca2+ efflux) than that of the initial CaCl2-induced elevation. Chelation of Ca2+ with EGTA completely abolished the fluorescence of the indicator. After pre-incubation with cyclosporin A, a marked delay in Ca2+ movement was observed, not only in isolated liver mitochondria, but also in tissue homogenates. In all samples, the transition to anoxia resulted in immediate increase in the level of extramitochondrial Ca2+. The results demonstrate that the CaGreen-5N method is suitable to monitor simultaneous O2 and Ca2+ fluxes, and the opening of mPTP in various biological samples. In this system the duration of stimulated Ca2+ fluxes may provide a novel parameter to evaluate the efficacy of mPTP blocker compounds.
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16
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The Roles of GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4028394. [PMID: 31814874 PMCID: PMC6878816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4028394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process, which may lead to dysfunctions and failures of multiple organs. A flawless medical way of endogenous therapeutic target can illuminate accurate clinical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known as a marker in I/R injury of the central nervous system (mainly in the brain) for a long time, and it may play a vital role in the occurrence of I/R injury. It has been observed that throughout cerebral I/R, levels, syntheses, releases, metabolisms, receptors, and transmissions of GABA undergo complex pathological variations. Scientists have investigated the GABAergic enhancers for attenuating cerebral I/R injury; however, discussions on existing problems and mechanisms of available drugs were seldom carried out so far. Therefore, this review would summarize the process of pathological variations in the GABA system under cerebral I/R injury and will cover corresponding probable issues and mechanisms in using GABA-related drugs to illuminate the concern about clinical illness for accurately preventing cerebral I/R injury. In addition, the study will summarize the increasing GABA signals that can prevent I/R injuries occurring in peripheral organs, and the roles of GABA were also discussed correspondingly.
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17
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An improved method for isolation of mitochondria from cell lines that enables reconstitution of calcium-dependent processes. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:52-58. [PMID: 31022379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimum cytosolic calcium concentrations support balanced mitochondrial respiration. However, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations vary among cell types and excess Ca2+ can cause mitochondrial dysfunction. We optimized an isolation protocol to eliminate excess Ca2+ and thereby minimizing structural damage. Ca2+ uptake was monitored by measuring mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent PKA activity using cAMP ELISAs, and O2 consumption levels during mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry. 3 nM Ca2+ was found to increase cAMP levels and produce optimal state III respiration. Hence, optimized isolation of mitochondria from cell lines using calcium denudation provides the best platform for the study of Ca2+-dependent regulation of mitochondrial signaling.
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