Lipid peroxidation inhibition study: A promising case of 1,3-di([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)urea

2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis: Facile and Handy Enzymatic Method That Allows to Avoid Isomerization

A simple and practical synthesis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), an endogenous agonist for cannabinoid receptors, based on a two-step enzymatic process and a chemical coupling, was achieved with a good yield and negligible amount of the isomerization product 1-AG. Commercial preparation of immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei (MML) was selected as the most suitable enzyme to catalyze the efficient protection of glycerol using vinyl benzoate as an acyl transfer reagent in tetrahydrofuran. The same enzyme was used to remove the protective groups in positions 1 and 3. Owing to the mild neutral conditions and easy suitability of the method, 2-AG was obtained without any isomerization to the more stable 1-AG and air oxidation of acid chain. The synthetic method proposed here allows us to easily obtain 2-AG from the protected precursor in a one-step reaction without purification requirement.

Evaluation of the radical scavenging activity of some representative isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinin ribosides (N6-substituted adenosines) by in vitro chemical assays

Cytokinins are naturally occurring adenine derivatives whose physiological role is that of growth regulators in plants and that show also many other activities either in plants and in mammalian cells. In plants, they can be found mainly as free bases ((N⁶-substituted adenines, CKs), but also as the corresponding N⁹- ribosides (N⁶-substituted adenosines, CKRs). In mammalian cells, CKRs are, in general, more active than CKs. In order to evaluate the intrinsic in vitro antioxidant capacity of some significant CKRs, their scavenging activity against synthetic radicals that are at the basis of well-established antioxidant assays (ORAC, TEAC, DPPH) has been evaluated. The results of the in vitro scavenging activity of biologically relevant radicals such as hydroxyl (HO^•), superoxide (O₂^.-) and lipid peroxides (R-OO^.) are reported and discussed.

In vitro assessment of the lipid peroxidation of N,N'-disubstituted benzimidazole-2-thiones: Hydrazides vs esters

Introduction: Oxidative stress and resulting lipid peroxidation are involved in numerous pathological conditions. For this reason, the role of antioxidants attracts attention and the radical-scavenging capacity of many natural and synthetic supplements and drugs has been extensively evaluated. Material and methods: In the present study, seven N,N'-disubstituted benzimidazole-2-thiones with ester (1 - 4) and hydrazide (5 - 7) side chains were investigated for in vitro antioxidant activity using lipid peroxidation method. Results: Among the assayed compounds, three hydrazides, 1,3-bis[3-(hydrazinooxy)-3-oxopropyl]-1,3dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-thione (5), 1,3-bis[3-(hydrazinooxy)-3-oxopropyl]-5-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H benzimidazole-2-thione (6) and 1,3-bis[3-(hydrazinooxy)-3-oxopropyl]-5-benzoyl-1,3-dihydro-2H benzimidazole-2-thione (7) showed good antioxidant properties (IC50 ˂ 100 mM), with the best lipid peroxidation inhibition values (IC50) shown for compound 5 (64 ± 10 mM) and compound 6 (73 ± 29 mM). Conclusion: Indicated hydrazide structures may constitute a sort of molecular basis, a promising starting point for the development of compounds for the prevention and treatment of diseases resulting from oxidative damage.