1
|
Yeo D, Yun YG, Shin SJ, Dashnyam K, Khurelbaatar A, Lee JH, Kim HW. Chaga mushroom extract suppresses oral cancer cell growth via inhibition of energy metabolism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10616. [PMID: 38720012 PMCID: PMC11078932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer stands as a prevalent maligancy worldwide; however, its therapeutic potential is limited by undesired effects and complications. As a medicinal edible fungus, Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) exhibits anticancer effects across diverse cancers. Yet, the precise mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. We explored the detailed mechanisms underlying the anticancer action of Chaga mushroom extract in oral cancer cells (HSC-4). Following treatment with Chaga mushroom extracts, we analyzed cell viability, proliferation capacity, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and apoptosis. Our findings revealed that the extract reduced cell viability and proliferation of HSC-4 cells while arresting their cell cycle via suppression of STAT3 activity. Regarding energy metabolism, Chaga mushroom extract inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential in HSC-4 cells, thereby triggering autophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death through activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our results indicate that Chaga mushroom extract impedes oral cancer cell progression, by inhibiting cell cycle and proliferation, suppressing cancer cell energy metabolism, and promoting autophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that this extract is a promising supplementary medicine for the treatment of patients with oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeon Yeo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Gyun Yun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar, 18130, Mongolia
| | - Anand Khurelbaatar
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar, 18130, Mongolia
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bartel I, Mandryk I, Horbańczuk JO, Wierzbicka A, Koszarska M. Nutraceutical Properties of Syringic Acid in Civilization Diseases-Review. Nutrients 2023; 16:10. [PMID: 38201840 PMCID: PMC10780450 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Civilization diseases account for a worldwide health issue. They result from daily behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. One of the most significant opportunities to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of these diseases is a diet rich in antioxidants like polyphenols. This review paper is concentrated on syringic acid (SA), one of the representative compounds of phenolic acids subgroups. There are many in vitro and in vivo studies on SA that assess its pivotal effects on oxidative stress and inflammation parameters. It is effective on metabolic risk factors as well, including hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. SA is one of the prominent polyphenolic compounds that may help address health issues related to civilization diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iga Bartel
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (I.B.); (J.O.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Izabela Mandryk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sacz, 33-300 Nowy Sacz, Poland;
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (I.B.); (J.O.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (I.B.); (J.O.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Magdalena Koszarska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (I.B.); (J.O.H.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zavareh VA, Gharibi S, Hosseini Rizi M, Nekookar A, Mirhendi H, Rahimmalek M, Szumny A. Satureja bachtiarica Induces Cancer Cell Death in Breast and Glioblastoma Cancer in 2D/3D Models and Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2713. [PMID: 38067141 PMCID: PMC10706021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming drug resistance and specifically targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical challenges in improving cancer therapy. Nowadays, the use of novel and native medicinal plants can provide new sources for further investigations for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of S. bachtiarica, an endemic plant with diverse medicinal applications, in suppressing and targeting cancer and cancer stem cells in glioblastoma and breast cancer. The effect of S. bachtiarica on viability, migration, invasion, and clonogenic potential of MDAMB-231 and U87-MG cells was assessed in both two- and three-dimensional cell culture models. Additionally, we evaluated its effects on the self-renewal capacity of mammospheres. The experimental outcomes indicated that S. bachtiarica decreased the viability and growth rate of cells and spheroids by inducing apoptosis and inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion of cells and spheroids. Additionally, colony and sphere-forming ability, as well as the expression of genes associated with EMT and stemness were reduced in mammospheres treated with S. bachtiarica. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the anti-cancer effects of S. bachtiarica, particularly in relation to breast CSCs. Therefore, S. bachtiarica may be a potential adjuvant for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian Zavareh
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini Rizi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Abdolhossein Nekookar
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vuletić S, Bekić M, Tomić S, Nikolić B, Cvetković S, Ganić T, Mitić-Ćulafić D. Could alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill) be a source of chemotherapeutics effective against hepato- and colorectal carcinoma? An in vitro study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503706. [PMID: 37973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Among numerous types of cancer, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma are important causes of mortality. Given the nature of these cancer types and their resistance, it is of great importance to find new chemotherapeutics and therapy targets, so plant products seem to be an excellent choice in such search. The main goal of this study was to investigate anticancer activity of Frangula alnus ethyl-acetate extract (FA) and its dominant constituent emodin (E) on hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and HCT116, as well as on normal MRC-5 fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity was investigated in MTT test and both FA and E showed strong reduction of cell viability in cancer cells. Flow cytometer analysis demonstrated that FA and E led to G1 phase arrest and slight accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase; additionally, annexinV-FITC/7AAD dying showed that FA and E decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis in all cell lines. FA and E evidenced strong genotoxic potential in comet assay performed on all cell lines, while tests measuring antioxidative potential (DPPH and TBA) demonstrated strong effect of FA. It could be concluded that both FA and E have significant anticancer activity against hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and HCT116, but notable selectivity was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Vuletić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Bekić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefana Cvetković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tea Ganić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mitić-Ćulafić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baloghová J, Michalková R, Baranová Z, Mojžišová G, Fedáková Z, Mojžiš J. Spice-Derived Phenolic Compounds: Potential for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6251. [PMID: 37687080 PMCID: PMC10489044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the advancements in targeted therapies, there is still a need for a safer, highly efficient approach to preventing and treating cutaneous malignancies. Spices have a rich history dating back thousands of years and are renowned for their ability to enhance the flavor, taste, and color of food. Derived from various plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, roots, or flowers, spices are important culinary ingredients. However, their value extends beyond the culinary realm. Some spices contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant biological effects. These compounds have attracted attention in scientific research due to their potential health benefits, including their possible role in disease prevention and treatment, such as cancer. This review focuses on examining the potential of spice-derived phenolic compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents for managing skin cancers. By compiling and analyzing the available knowledge, this review aims to provide insights that can guide future research in identifying new anticancer phytochemicals and uncovering additional mechanisms for combating skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Baloghová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Baranová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Fedáková
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cattivelli A, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Quercetins, Chlorogenic Acids and Their Colon Metabolites Inhibit Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12265. [PMID: 37569640 PMCID: PMC10418599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that a phenolic-rich diet may be protective against colon cancer. Most phenolic compounds are not absorbed in the small intestine and reach the colon where they are metabolized by gut microbiota in simple phenolic acids. In this study, the anti-proliferative activity of quercetins, chlorogenic acids, their colon metabolites and mixtures of parent compounds/metabolites was assessed by using two colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and SW480) at physiologically relevant concentrations. Chlorogenic acids, quercetin and the metabolite 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid exerted remarkable anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2, whereas quercetin derivatives and metabolites were the most active against SW480. Tested compounds arrested the cell cycle at the S phase in both the cell lines. The mixtures of parent compounds/metabolites, which mimic the colon human metabotypes that slowly or rapidly metabolize the parent compounds, similarly inhibited cell growth. SW480 cells metabolized parent phenolic compounds more rapidly and extensively than Caco-2, whereas colon metabolites were more stable. These results suggest that dietary phenolic compounds exert an anti-proliferative effect against human colon cancer cells that can be further sustained by the colon metabolites. Therefore, gut microbiota metabolism of phenolic compounds may be of paramount importance in explaining the protective effect of phenolic-rich foods against colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De S, Paul S, Manna A, Majumder C, Pal K, Casarcia N, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Nelson VK, Ghosh S, Hazra J, Bhattacharjee A, Mandal SC, Pal M, Bishayee A. Phenolic Phytochemicals for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030993. [PMID: 36765950 PMCID: PMC9913554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Limitations with existing treatment regimens have demanded the search for better treatment options. Different phytochemicals with promising anti-CRC activities have been reported, with the molecular mechanism of actions still emerging. This review aims to summarize recent progress on the study of natural phenolic compounds in ameliorating CRC using in vivo models. This review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reporting and Meta-Analysis. Information on the relevant topic was gathered by searching the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases using keywords, such as "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic compounds", "colorectal cancer" AND "polyphenol", "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic acids", "colorectal cancer" AND "flavonoids", "colorectal cancer" AND "stilbene", and "colorectal cancer" AND "lignan" from the reputed peer-reviewed journals published over the last 20 years. Publications that incorporated in vivo experimental designs and produced statistically significant results were considered for this review. Many of these polyphenols demonstrate anti-CRC activities by inhibiting key cellular factors. This inhibition has been demonstrated by antiapoptotic effects, antiproliferative effects, or by upregulating factors responsible for cell cycle arrest or cell death in various in vivo CRC models. Numerous studies from independent laboratories have highlighted different plant phenolic compounds for their anti-CRC activities. While promising anti-CRC activity in many of these agents has created interest in this area, in-depth mechanistic and well-designed clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samhita De
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Anirban Manna
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | | | - Koustav Pal
- Jawaharlal Institute Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur 515 721, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheemanapalli S, Palaniappan C, Mahesh Y, Iyyappan Y, Yarrappagaari S, Kanagaraj S. In vitro and in silico perspectives to explain anticancer activity of a novel syringic acid analog ((4-(1H-1, 3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-2, 6-dimethoxy phenol)) through apoptosis activation and NFkB inhibition in K562 leukemia cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106349. [PMID: 36470147 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Syringic acid (SA) is an active carcinogenesis inhibitor; however, the low bioavailability and unstable functional groups hinder its activity. Here, a chemically synthesized novel SA analog (SA10) is evaluated for its anticancer activity using in-vitro and in-silico studies. K562 cell line study revealed that SA10 had shown a higher rate of inhibition (IC50 = 50.40 μg/mL) than its parental compound, SA (IC50 = 96.92 μg/mL), at 50 μM concentration. The inhibition ratio was also been evaluated by checking the expression level of NFkB and Bcl-2 and showing that SA10 has two-fold increase in the inhibitory mechanism than SA. This result demonstrates that SA10 acts as an NFkB inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Further, molecular docking and simulation have been performed to get insights into the possible inhibitory mechanism of SA and SA10 on NFkB at the atomistic level. The molecular docking results exemplify that both SA and SA10 bind to the active site of NFkB, thereby interfering with the association between DNA and NFkB. SA10 exhibits a more robust binding affinity than SA and is firmly docked well into the interior of the NFkB, as confirmed by MM-PBSA calculations. In a nutshell, the Benzimidazole scaffold containing SA10 has shown more NFkB inhibitory activity in K562 cells than SA, which could be helpful as an ideal therapeutic NFkB inhibitor for treating cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cheemanapalli
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (CCRAS, Govt. of India), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Palaniappan
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yeshwanth Mahesh
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yuvaraj Iyyappan
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Yarrappagaari
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Natural Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sekar Kanagaraj
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haddadi N, Mirzania M, Ansarihadipour H. Syringic acid Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1038-1049. [PMID: 36697381 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2170432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Syringic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic acid that possesses antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to assess the possible ameliorative effects of SA on oxidative stress in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Twenty-two healthy donors as well as 22 sex- and age-matched AML patients participated in the study. AML patients were at the time of diagnosis and before remission. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma samples were obtained and divided into four groups. The groups include: 1) buffer (B), containing isotonic phosphate buffer saline (100 mM, pH 7.4, 1 hr); 2) OX, containing solution subjected to iron-mediated oxidation (2.7 µM, 1 hr); 3) SA, containing SA solution (10 µM, 1 h) as ROS quencher and 4) SA + OX in which samples were pretreated with 10 µM of SA for 1 h, and then exposed to OX solution (2.7 µM) for 1 h. The results indicated that SA caused a significant increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in PBMCs. Of note, the treatment of PBMCs and plasma samples of AML patients with SA was able to normalize the altered levels of GPX, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The antioxidant effect of SA was further confirmed by analyzing the total oxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in both plasma samples and PBMCs of AML patients. According to the results, it seems that SA has strong protective effects on oxidative stress by elevating the total antioxidant status (TAS) of PBMCs and plasma specimens from AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Haddadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mirzania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Center Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ansarihadipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye Z, Liu Y. Polyphenolic compounds from rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.): The major types, biofunctional roles, bioavailability, and the influences of rapeseed oil processing technologies on the content. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112282. [PMID: 36596189 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are the important oil bearing material worldwide, which contain wide variety of bioactive components with polyphenolic compounds considered the most typical. The rapeseed polyphenols encompass different structural variants, and have been considered to have many bioactive functions, which are beneficial for the human health. Whereas, the rapeseed oil processing technologies affect their content and the biofunctional activities. The present review of the literature highlighted the major types of the rapeseed polyphenols, and summarized their biofunctional roles. The influences of rapeseed oil processing technologies on these polyphenols were also elucidated. Furthermore, the directions of the future studies for producing nutritional rapeseed oils preserved higher level of polyphenols were prospected. The rapeseed polyphenols are divided into the phenolic acids and polyphenolic tannins, both of which contained different subtypes. They are reported to have multiple biofunctional roles, thus showing outstanding health improvement effects. The rapeseed oil processing technologies have significant effects on both of the polyphenol content and activity. Some novel processing technologies, such as aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE), subcritical or supercritical extraction showed advantages for producing rapeseed oil with higher level of polyphenols. The oil refining process involved heat or strong acid and alkali conditions affected their stability and activity, leading to the loss of polyphenols of the final products. Future efforts are encouraged to provide more clinic evidence for the practical applications of the rapeseed polyphenols, as well as optimizing the processing technologies for the green manufacturing of rapeseed oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010187. [PMID: 36615843 PMCID: PMC9823554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds contain a variety of phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-derived compounds are often investigated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, anti-apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, or neuroprotective properties. In this review, we have described the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from eight selected plant species-blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), Moringa oleifera Lam., sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Sprenger), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS. Numerous preclinical, and some clinical studies have found that extracts, fractions, oil, flour, proteins, polysaccharides, or purified chemical compounds isolated from the seeds of these plants display promising, health-promoting effects, and could be utilized in drug development, or to make nutraceuticals and functional foods. Despite that, many of these properties have been studied only in vitro, and it's unsure if their effects would be relevant in vivo as well, so there is a need for more animal studies and clinical trials that would help determine if they could be applied in disease prevention or treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh J, Gautam DNS, Sourav S, Sharma R. Role of
Moringa oleifera
Lam. in cancer: Phytochemistry and pharmacological insights. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Dev Nath Singh Gautam
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Simant Sourav
- Department of Sharira Kriya, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital Patna India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodríguez-Rico D, Sáenz-Esqueda MDLÁ, Meza-Velázquez JA, Martínez-García JJ, Quezada-Rivera JJ, Umaña MM, Minjares-Fuentes R. High-Intensity Ultrasound Processing Enhances the Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity and Microbiological Quality of Melon ( Cucumis melo) Juice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172648. [PMID: 36076833 PMCID: PMC9455593 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and microbiological quality of melon juice processed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) were studied. Melon juice was processed at two ultrasound intensities (27 and 52 W/cm2) for two different processing times (10 and 30 min) using two duty cycles (30 and 75%). Unprocessed juice was taken as a control. Total carotenoids and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were the bioactive compounds analyzed while the antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The microbiological quality was tested by counting the aerobic and coliforms count as well as molds and yeasts. Total carotenoids increased by up to 42% while TPC decreased by 33% as a consequence of HIUS processing regarding control juice (carotenoids: 23 μg/g, TPC: 1.1 mg GAE/g), gallic acid and syringic acid being the only phenolic compounds identified. The antioxidant capacity of melon juice was enhanced by HIUS, achieving values of 45% and 20% of DPPH and ABTS inhibition, respectively, while >120 mg TE/100 g was determined by FRAP assay. Further, the microbial load of melon juice was significantly reduced by HIUS processing, coliforms and molds being the most sensitive. Thus, the HIUS could be an excellent alternative supportive the deep-processing of melon products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez-Rico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan José Martínez-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica M. Umaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Minjares-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bortolomedi BM, Paglarini CS, Brod FCA. Bioactive compounds in kombucha: A review of substrate effect and fermentation conditions. Food Chem 2022; 385:132719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
15
|
Al-Robai SA, Zabin SA, Ahmed AA, Mohamed HA, Alghamdi AAA, Ahmed AAE. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants contain phytochemical components of pharmaceutical importance, and Trema orientalis MeOH extracts are believed to have potential antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. This investigation explores the phenolic, antioxidant, and anticancer property of the methanol extracts of aerial parts of T. orientalis. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and the total flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined following standard methods. In vitro antioxidant property was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Cytotoxicity experiments were performed against eight cell lines and one fibroblast cell using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The antimicrobial activity assay was performed using the agar-diffusion method. Individual phenolic acids identified by GC/MS were examined in silico to estimate their drug likeness based on their structures. TPC and TFC were the highest in the leaf extract, with the strongest radical scavenging activity against ABTS (84.43%) and DPPH (79.60%) radicals. The highest cytotoxicity activity was exhibited by leaf (IC50 = 2.256 ± 0.85 μg/mL) and twig (2.704 ± 1.31 μg/mL) extracts against the HCT116 cell line, followed by bark (3.653 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and leaf (3.725 ± 0.30 μg/mL) extracts against the HT29 cell line. Clonogenicity resulted in a clear decrease of colony formation by HCT116 cells, suggesting a dose-dependent mode. In silico investigation suggested that phenolic acids detected have non-drug-like properties. Extracts showed antimicrobial inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Asir Al-Robai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Zabin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazim Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Haidar Abdalgadir Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research , Khartoum , Sudan
| | | | - Aimun A. E. Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University , Khartoum , Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Biochemical Alteration of Enzymatically Hydrolysed and Spontaneously Fermented Oat Flour and Its Impact on Pathogenic Bacteria. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142055. [PMID: 35885298 PMCID: PMC9316710 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avena sativa (A. sativa) oats have recently made a comeback as suitable alternative raw materials for dairy substitutes due to their functional properties. Amylolytic and cellulolytic enzyme-assisted modifications of oats produce new products that are more appealing to consumers. However, the biochemical and functional alteration of products and extracts requires careful selection of raw materials, enzyme cocktails, and technological aspects. This study compares the biochemical composition of different A. sativa enzyme-assisted water extracts and evaluates their microbial growth using spontaneous fermentation and the antimicrobial properties of the ferment extracts. Fibre content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using traditional methodologies. The degradation of A. sativa flour was captured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); moreover, sugar and oligosaccharide alteration were identified using HPLC and HPLC-SEC after INFOGEST in vitro digestion (IVD). Additionally, taste differentiation was performed using an electronic tongue with principal component analysis. The oat liquid extracts were continuously fermented using two ancient fermentation starters, birch sap and Tibetan kefir grains. Both starters contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which has major potential for use in bio-preservation. In fermented extracts, antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci as well as Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also determined. SEM images confirmed the successful incorporation of enzymes into the oat flour. The results indicate that using enzyme-assisted extraction significantly increased TPC and antioxidant activity in both the extract and residues. Additionally, carbohydrates with a molecular mass (MM) of over 70,000 kDa were reduced to 7000 kDa and lower after the incorporation of amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The MM impacted the variation in microbial fermentation, which demonstrated favourable antimicrobial properties. The results demonstrated promising applications for developing functional products and components using bioprocessing as an innovative tool.
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Rajhi AMH, Yahya R, Abdelghany TM, Fareid MA, Mohamed AM, Amin BH, Masrahi AS. Anticancer, Anticoagulant, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Thevetia peruviana Latex with Molecular Docking of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103165. [PMID: 35630642 PMCID: PMC9145871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural origin molecules represent reliable and excellent sources to overcome some medicinal problems. The study of anticancer, anticoagulant, and antimicrobial activities of Thevetia peruviana latex were the aim of the current research. An investigation using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the major content of the flavonoids are rutin (11.45 µg/mL), quersestin (7.15 µg/mL), naringin (5.25 µg/mL), and hisperdin (6.07 µg/mL), while phenolic had chlorogenic (12.39 µg/mL), syringenic (7.45 µg/mL), and ferulic (5.07 µg/mL) acids in latex of T. peruviana. Via 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, the experiment demonstrated that latex had a potent antioxidant activity with the IC50 43.9 µg/mL for scavenging DPPH. Hemolysis inhibition was 58.5% at 1000 µg/mL of latex compared with 91.0% at 200 µg/mL of indomethacin as positive control. Negligible anticoagulant properties of latex were reported where the recorded time was 11.9 s of prothrombin time (PT) and 29.2 s of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at 25 µg/mL, compared with the same concentration of heparin (PT 94.6 s and APPT 117.7 s). The anticancer potential of latex was recorded against PC-3 (97.11% toxicity) and MCF-7 (96.23% toxicity) at 1000 μg/mL with IC50 48.26 μg/mL and 40.31 µg/mL, respectively. Disc diffusion assessment for antimicrobial activity recorded that the most sensitive tested microorganisms to latex were Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli, with an inhibition zone (IZ) of 31 mm with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (10.2 μg/mL) and 30 mm (MIC, 12.51 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, Candida albicans was sensitive (IZ, 28 mm) to latex, unlike black fungus (Mucor circinelloides). TEM examination exhibited ultrastructure changes in cell walls and cell membranes of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with latex. Energy scores of the molecular docking of chlorogenic acid with E. coli DNA (7C7N), and Rutin with human prostate-specific antigen (3QUM) and breast cancer-associated protein (1JNX), result in excellent harmony with the experimental results. The outcome of research recommended that the latex is rich in constituents and considered a promising source that contributes to fighting cancer and pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reham Yahya
- Medical Microbiology, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abduallah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Abdelghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed A. Fareid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt;
- Basic Science Department, Prep Year Deanship, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alawlaqi M. Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Basma H. Amin
- The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt;
| | - Abdurrahman S. Masrahi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (A.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Zhang X, Xing R, Qi F, Dong J, Li D, Tian X, Yu B, Huang M, Zhang L, Yuan X, Yang Y, Wu H, Zang L, Mao X, Sui R. Syringic acid demonstrates promising protective effect against tau fibrillization and cytotoxicity through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway as a prelude to Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:491-497. [PMID: 34599991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are several studies reporting that different plant-based metabolites are potential inhibitors of protein amyloid fibrillation. As chemical features of metabolites can regulate protein aggregation process, in the present in vitro investigation, tau protein was selected as a model of Alzheimer's disease to elaborate the inhibitory effect of syringic acid (SA) on its assembly and associated neurotoxicity in aggregation conditions. Extrinsic fluorescence, Congo red adsorption, and CD spectroscopic studies, TEM, size-exclusion chromatography, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis along with MTT and qRT-PCR assays were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of SA against tau aggregation and neurotoxicity. It was shown that SA has the tendency to control the aggregation of the tau proteins through modulating the amyloid kinetic parameters, exposure of hydrophobic residues, and structural changes. Moreover, the structures formed in the presence of SA recovered the viability of neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway by downregulation of ATF-6, caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNA. In conclusion, it can be suggested that SA may be used as a potential small molecule in the development of therapeutic platforms against Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Ruixian Xing
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Fengjiao Qi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Meiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Xueling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Huiru Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Lie Zang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Rubo Sui
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mihanfar A, Yousefi B, Ghazizadeh Darband S, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Majidinia M. Melatonin increases 5-flurouracil-mediated apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through enhancing oxidative stress and downregulating survivin and XIAP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11:253-261. [PMID: 34631487 PMCID: PMC8494259 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies with a global alarming rate of incidence. The development of resistance against common chemotherapeutics such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a big burden for CRC therapy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of melatonin on the increasing 5-FU- mediated apoptosis and its underlying mechanism in SW-480 CRC cell line.
Methods: The effects of melatonin and 5- FU, alone or in combination, on cell proliferation were evaluated using an MTT assay. Further, Annexin-V Flow cytometry was used for determining the effects of melatonin and 5-FU on the apoptosis of SW-480 cell lines. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, pro-caspase-3/activated caspase 3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP), and survivin were measured after 48 hours incubation with drugs. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also evaluated.
Results: Melatonin and 5-FU significantly decreased the cell proliferation of SW-480 cells. Combination of 5-FU with melatonin significantly decreased the IC50 value of 5-FU from 100 μM to 50 μM. Moreover, combination therapy increased intracellular levels of ROS and suppressed antioxidant enzymatic activities (P < 0.05). Treatment with either melatonin or 5-FU resulted in the induction of apoptosis in comparison to control (P > 0.05). XIAP and survivin expression levels potently decreased after combination treatment with melatonin and 5-FU (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: We demonstrated that melatonin exerts a reversing effect on the resistance to apoptosis by targeting oxidative stress, XIAP and survivin in CRC cells. Therefore, more studies need for better understanding of underlying mechanisms for beneficial effects of combination of melatonin and 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainaz Mihanfar
- Student Research Community, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|