Resveratrol inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expression by suppressing of p300/NFκB acetylation in TNF-α-treated human dermal fibroblasts

Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients with pruritus and the effect of Staphylococcus aureus-secreted α-toxin on filaggrin expression

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) commonly reside on human skin in residents in long-term care facilities, yet its colonization and impact on the skin of hemodialysis (HD) patients have yet to be studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the colonization of S. aureus on the skin of pruritic and non-pruritic HD patients, and the influence of S. aureus and S. aureus-secreted α-toxin on skin barrier function-related protein expression. In this study, a higher relative S. aureus count in pruritic HD patients compared to non-pruritic HD patients and healthy subjects were revealed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. S. aureus and α-toxin decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1), and filaggrin (FLG) in keratinocytes. In addition, anti-alpha-hemolysin (anti-hla) was used as an α-toxin neutralizer, and it successfully abrogated S. aureus-induced AHR, OVOL1, and FLG mRNA and protein expression downregulation. Mechanistically, α-toxin could decrease FLG activity by preventing the recruitment of AHR to the FLG promoter region. In conclusion, pruritic HD patients had higher S. aureus colonization, with S. aureus-secreted α-toxin suppressing FLG expression through the AHR-FLG axis.

GATA4 regulates the transcription of MMP9 to suppress the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via HDAC1-mediated p65 deacetylation

GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) is recognized for its significant roles in embryogenesis and various cancers. Through bioinformatics and clinical data, it appears that GATA4 plays a role in breast cancer development. Yet, the specific roles and mechanisms of GATA4 in breast cancer progression remain elusive. In this study, we identify GATA4 as a tumor suppressor in the invasion and migration of breast cancer. Functionally, GATA4 significantly reduces the transcription of MMP9. On a mechanistic level, GATA4 diminishes MMP9 transcription by interacting with p65 at the NF-κB binding site on the MMP9 promoter. Additionally, GATA4 promotes the recruitment of HDAC1, amplifying the bond between p65 and HDAC1. This leads to decreased acetylation of p65, thus inhibiting p65's transcriptional activity on the MMP9 promoter. Moreover, GATA4 hampers the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo mouse model. In summary, our research unveils a novel mechanism wherein GATA4 curtails breast cancer cell metastasis by downregulating MMP9 expression, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for breast cancer metastasis.

Development on potential skin anti-aging agents of Cosmos caudatus Kunth via inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities

BACKGROUND

Skin aging is associated with degradation of collagen by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to loss of skin elasticity and formation of wrinkles. Cosmos caudatus Kunth (CC) has been traditionally claimed as an anti-aging agent in Malaysia. Despite its well-known antioxidant activity, the anti-aging properties of CC was not validated.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the anti-aging potential of CC extracts and fractions, particularly their inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities in human dermal fibroblasts CCD-966SK, followed by isolation, identification and analysis of their bioactive constituents.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

DPPH assay was firstly used to evaluate the antioxidant activity throughout the bioactivity-guided fractionation. Cell viability was determined using MTS assay. Collagenase activity was examined, while MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression were measured using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Then, chemical identification of pure compounds isolated from CC fractions was done by using ESIMS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. HPLC analyses were carried out for bioactive fractions to quantify the major components.

RESULTS

Throughout the antioxidant activity-guided fractionation, fractions CC-E2 and CC-E3 with antioxidant activity and no toxicity towards CCD-966SK cells were obtained from CC 75% ethanol partitioned layer (CC-E). Both fractions inhibited collagenase activity, MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression, as well as NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α in CCD-966SK cells. 14 compounds, which mainly consists of flavonoids and their glycosides, were isolated. Quercitrin (14.79% w/w) and quercetin (11.20% w/w) were major compounds in CC-E2 and CC-E3, respectively, as quantified by HPLC. Interestingly, both fractions also inhibited the MMP-3 protein expression synergistically, compared with treatment alone.

CONCLUSION

The quantified CC fractions rich in flavonoid glycosides exhibited skin anti-aging effects via the inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities, probably through NF-κB pathway. This is the first study reported on MMP-1 and MMP-3 inhibitory activity of CC with its chemical profile, which revealed its potential to be developed as anti-aging products in the future.

Skin Ageing: A Progressive, Multi-Factorial Condition Demanding an Integrated, Multilayer-Targeted Remedy

Of the human organs, skin is the most visible one that displays the manifestations of ageing. It has a very intricate microanatomical structure and performs several key physiological functions. The pathophysiology of cutaneous ageing is characterized by deterioration of structural stability and functional integrity, implying a continuous reduction in maximal function and reserve capacity, as a result of the accumulating damage due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Elimination of unfavorable expressions associated with facial and cutaneous ageing is the key patient demand in aesthetic dermatology. Even though the progress has been made in nonsurgical therapies like fillers and lasers, non-invasive interventions by using skin care products designed for rejuvenation at an early stage are the most popular and accessible solution among people. In this review, we have scrutinized the ageing-associated cutaneous changes at molecular, cellular and tissue levels. To optimize the ageing process towards a healthy skin, we propose an integrated, multilayer-targeted intervention, which involves both topical application of anti-ageing formulations from outside and oral supplementation from inside. Additionally, several promising naturally derived ingredients are reviewed from an anti-aging perspective. Most of them possess various bioactivities and may contribute to the development of the mentioned anti-ageing remedy.

The Effects of Nutrient Signaling Regulators in Combination with Phytocannabinoids on the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Identifying effective anti-aging compounds is a cornerstone of modern longevity, aging, and skin-health research. There is considerable evidence of the effectiveness of nutrient signaling regulators such as metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin in longevity and anti-aging studies; however, their potential protective role in skin aging is controversial. In light of the increasing appearance of phytocannabinoids in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of phytocannabinoids in combination with nutrient signaling regulators in skin rejuvenation. Utilizing CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effect of metformin, triacetylresveratrol, and rapamycin combined with phytocannabinoids on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture was tested. We found triacetylresveratrol combined with cannabidiol increased the viability of skin fibroblasts (p < 0.0001), restored wound-healing functional activity (p < 0.001), reduced metabolic dysfunction, and ameliorated nuclear eccentricity and circularity in senescent fibroblasts (p < 0.01). Conversely, metformin with or without phytocannabinoids did not show any beneficial effects on functional activity, while rapamycin inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and the speed of wound healing (p < 0.001). Therefore, triacetylresveratrol and cannabidiol can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in aging and more studies using animals to confirm the efficacy of cannabidiol combined with triacetylresveratrol should be performed.

Single cell transcriptomic landscape of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we profile 174,962 single cells from the foot, forearm, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis shows enrichment of a unique population of fibroblasts overexpressing MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, HIF1A, CHI3L1, and TNFAIP6 and increased M1 macrophage polarization in the DFU patients with healing wounds. Further, analysis of spatially separated samples from the same patient and spatial transcriptomics reveal preferential localization of these healing associated fibroblasts toward the wound bed as compared to the wound edge or unwounded skin. Spatial transcriptomics also validates our findings of higher abundance of M1 macrophages in healers and M2 macrophages in non-healers. Our analysis provides deep insights into the wound healing microenvironment, identifying cell types that could be critical in promoting DFU healing, and may inform novel therapeutic approaches for DFU treatment.

Evaluation of Gallic Acid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as an Anti-Aging Ingredient

Hyperglycemic environment-induced oxidative stress-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays a crucial role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which might contribute to premature skin aging. Synthesized, environmentally friendly gallic acid-coated gold nanoparticles (GA–AuNPs) have been evaluated as an anti-aging antioxidant. Their microstructure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that GA–AuNPs are spherical when prepared at pH 11. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed that the average hydrodynamic diameter of a GA–AuNP is approximately 40 nm and with a zeta potential of −49.63 ± 2.11 mV. Additionally, the present data showed that GA–AuNPs have a superior ability to inhibit high glucose-mediated MMP-1-elicited type I collagen degradation in dermal fibroblast cells. Collectively, our data indicated that high-glucose-mediated ROS production was reduced upon cell treatment with GA–AuNPs, which blocked p38 MAPK/ERK-mediated c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2 phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation of NFκB, leading to the down-regulation of MMP-1 mRNA and protein expression in high glucose-treated cells. Our findings suggest that GA-AuNPs have a superior ability to inhibit high-glucose-mediated MMP-1-elicited ECM degradation, which highlights its potential as an anti-aging ingredient.

Matrix metalloproteinase contribution in management of cancer proliferation, metastasis and drug targeting

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or matrixins, are members of a zinc-dependent endopeptidase family. They cause remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to numerous diseases. MMPs subfamilies possess: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins and membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMP). They consist of several domains; pro-peptide, catalytic, linker peptide and the hemopexin (Hpx) domains. MMPs are involved in initiation, proliferation and metastasis of cancer through the breakdown of ECM physical barriers. Overexpression of MMPs is associated with poor prognosis of cancer. This review will discuss both types of MMPs and current inhibitors, which target them in different aspects, including, biosynthesis, activation, secretion and catalytic activity. Several synthetic and natural inhibitors of MMPs (MMPIs) that can bind the catalytic domain of MMPs have been designed including; peptidomimetic, non-peptidomimetic, tetracycline derivatives, off-target MMPI, natural products, microRNAs and monoclonal antibodies.