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Bayrak N, Sever B, Ciftci H, Otsuka M, Fujita M, TuYuN AF. Scaffold Hopping and Structural Modification of NSC 663284: Discovery of Potent (Non)Halogenated Aminobenzoquinones. Biomedicines 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 38255157 PMCID: PMC10813041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new anticancer drugs is still ongoing as a solution to the unsatisfactory results obtained by chemotherapy patients. Our previous studies on natural product-based anticancer agents led us to synthesize a new series of Plastoquinone (PQ) analogs and study their anticancer effects. Four members of PQ analogs (PQ1-4) were designed based on the scaffold hopping strategy; the design was later completed with structural modification. The obtained PQ analogs were synthesized and biologically evaluated against different cancer genotypes according to NCI-60 screening in vitro. According to the NCI results, bromo and iodo-substituted PQ analogs (PQ2 and PQ3) showed remarkable anticancer activities with a wide-spectrum profile. Among the two selected analogs (PQ2 and PQ3), PQ2 showed promising anticancer activity, in particular against leukemia cell lines, at both single- and five-dose NCI screenings. This compound was also detected by MTT assay to reveal significant selectivity between Jurkat cells and PBMC (healthy) compared to imatinib. Further in silico studies indicated that PQ2 was able to occupy the ATP-binding cleft of Abl TK, one of the main targets of leukemia, through key interactions similar to dasatinib and imatinib. PQ2 is also bound to the minor groove of the double helix of DNA. Based on computational pharmacokinetic studies, PQ2 possessed a remarkable drug-like profile, making it a potential anti-leukemia drug candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Fatih, İstanbul 34126, Turkey;
| | - Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Fatih, İstanbul 34126, Turkey;
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Jannuzzi AT, Yilmaz Goler AM, Shilkar D, Mondal S, Basavanakatti VN, Yıldırım H, Yıldız M, Çelik Onar H, Bayrak N, Jayaprakash V, TuYuN AF. Cytotoxic activity of quinolinequinones in cancer: In vitro studies, molecular docking, and ADME/PK profiling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1133-1154. [PMID: 37537000 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead molecules containing 1,4-quinone moiety are intriguing novel compounds that can be utilized to treat cancer owing to their antiproliferative activities. Nine previously reported quinolinequinones (AQQ1-9) were studied to better understand their inhibitory profile to produce potent and possibly safe lead molecules. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Bethesda chose all quinolinequinones (AQQ1-9) based on the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program and tested them against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. At a single dose and five further doses, AQQ7 significantly inhibited the proliferation of all leukemia cell lines and some breast cancer cell lines. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxic activities of the most promising compounds, AQQ2 and AQQ7, in MCF7 and T-47D breast cancer cells, DU-145 prostate cancer cells, HCT-116 and COLO 205 colon cancer cell lines, and HaCaT human keratinocytes using the MTT assay. AQQ7 showed particularly high cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells. Further analysis showed that AQQ7 exhibits anticancer activity through the induction of apoptosis without causing cell cycle arrest or oxidative stress. Molecular docking simulations for AQQ2 and AQQ7 were conducted against the COX, PTEN, and EGFR proteins, which are commonly overexpressed in breast, cervical, and prostate cancers. The in vitro ADME and in vivo PK profiling of these compounds have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Mine Yilmaz Goler
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deepak Shilkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Subodh Mondal
- Bioanalysis, Eurofins Advinus BioPharma Services India Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Hatice Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hülya Çelik Onar
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Studies on 1,4-Quinone Derivatives Exhibiting Anti-Leukemic Activity along with Anti-Colorectal and Anti-Breast Cancer Effects. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010077. [PMID: 36615273 PMCID: PMC9822417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are life-threatening malignancies worldwide. Although potent therapeutic and screening strategies have been developed so far, these cancer types are still major public health problems. Therefore, the exploration of more potent and selective new agents is urgently required for the treatment of these cancers. Quinones represent one of the most important structures in anticancer drug discovery. We have previously identified a series of quinone-based compounds (ABQ-1-17) as anti-CML agents. In the current work, ABQ-3 was taken to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for screening to determine its in vitro antiproliferative effects against a large panel of human tumor cell lines at five doses. ABQ-3 revealed significant growth inhibition against HCT-116 CRC and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with 2.00 µM and 2.35 µM GI50 values, respectively. The MTT test also showed that ABQ-3 possessed anticancer effects towards HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.22 ± 2.41 μM and 7.46 ± 2.76 μM, respectively. Further experiments indicated that ABQ-3 induced apoptosis in both cell lines, and molecular docking studies explicitly suggested that ABQ-3 exhibited DNA binding in a similar fashion to previously reported compounds. Based on in silico pharmacokinetic prediction, ABQ-3 might display drug-like features enabling this compound to become a lead molecule for future studies.
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Yıldırım H, Bayrak N, Yıldız M, Mataracı-Kara E, Korkmaz S, Shilkar D, Jayaprakash V, TuYuN AF. Aminated Quinolinequinones as Privileged Scaffolds for Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation, and Putative Mode of Action. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41915-41928. [PMID: 36440112 PMCID: PMC9685608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have revealed that the aminated 1,4-quinone scaffold can be used for the development of novel antibacterial and/or antifungal agents. In this study, the aminated quinolinequinones (AQQ1-9) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of seven bacterial strains (three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria) and three fungal strains. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the QQs was also summarized. The antibacterial activity results indicated that the two aminated QQs (AQQ6 and AQQ9) were active against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) with a MIC value of 78.12 μg/mL. Besides, the two aminated QQs (AQQ8 and AQQ9) were active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) with MIC values of 4.88 and 2.44 μg/mL, respectively. The most potent aminated QQs (AQQ8 and AQQ9) were identified as promising lead molecules to further explore their mode of action. The selected QQs (AQQ8 and AQQ9) were further evaluated in vitro to assess their potential antimicrobial activity against each of 20 clinically obtained methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, antibiofilm activity, and bactericidal activity using time-kill curve assay. We found that the molecules prevented adhesion of over 50% of the cells in the biofilm. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the predominant binding mode(s) of the ligands. We believe that the molecules need further investigation, especially against infections involving biofilm-forming microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yıldırım
- Department
of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department
of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yıldız
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emel Mataracı-Kara
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deepak Shilkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul
University, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
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Yıldız M, Bayrak N, Yıldırım H, Çakmak SM, Yılmaz FN, Mataracı-Kara E, Shilkar D, Jayaprakash V, TuYuN AF. Discovery of quinolinequinones with N-phenylpiperazine by conversion of hydroxyquinoline as a new class of antimicrobial agents targeting resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Plastoquinone Analogues against Colorectal and Breast Cancers along with In Silico Insights. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101266. [PMID: 36297378 PMCID: PMC9609592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer are leading causes of death globally, due to significant challenges in detection and management. The late-stage diagnosis and treatment failures require the discovery of potential anticancer agents to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. We have previously reported a series of plastoquinone analogues to understand their cytotoxic profile. Among these derivatives, three of them (AQ-11, AQ-12, and AQ-15) were selected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to evaluate their in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines. AQ-12 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HCT-116 CRC and MCF-7 breast cancer cells at a single dose and further five doses. MTT assay was also performed for AQ-12 at different concentrations against these two cells, implying that AQ-12 exerted notable cytotoxicity toward HCT-116 (IC50 = 5.11 ± 2.14 μM) and MCF-7 (IC50 = 6.06 ± 3.09 μM) cells in comparison with cisplatin (IC50 = 23.68 ± 6.81 μM and 19.67 ± 5.94 μM, respectively). This compound also augmented apoptosis in HCT-116 (62.30%) and MCF-7 (64.60%) cells comparable to cisplatin (67.30% and 78.80%, respectively). Molecular docking studies showed that AQ-12 bound to DNA, forming hydrogen bonding through the quinone scaffold. In silico pharmacokinetic determinants indicated that AQ-12 demonstrated drug-likeness with a remarkable pharmacokinetic profile for future mechanistic anti-CRC and anti-breast cancer activity studies.
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Yilmaz Goler AM, Jannuzzi AT, Bayrak N, Yıldız M, Yıldırım H, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Radwan MO, TuYuN AF. In Vitro and In Silico Study to Assess Toxic Mechanisms of Hybrid Molecules of Quinone-Benzocaine as Plastoquinone Analogues in Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30250-30264. [PMID: 36061710 PMCID: PMC9434764 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We managed to obtain three different series of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinones, named nonhalogenated and halogenated (brominated and chlorinated) PQ analogues, via the molecular hybridization strategy. Sixteen of eighteen hybrid molecules were selected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Bethesda for their in vitro antiproliferative potential against the full NCI 60 cell line panel. The hybrid molecules (BrPQ5, CIPQ1, and CIPQ3) showed good growth inhibition at 10 μM concentration, particularly against breast cancer cell lines. As per the results obtained from in vitro antiproliferative evaluation, cytotoxic activities of the hybrid molecules (BrPQ5, CIPQ1, and CIPQ3) were evaluated with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in T47D and MCF7 breast cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. Molecules exhibited cytotoxic activity, and especially, CIPQ1 showed remarkable cytotoxic activity and good selectivity on T47D and MCF7 cells. Furthermore, CIPQ1 could inhibit cell proliferation, cause apoptotic cell death and disturb the cell cycle in T47D and MCF7 cells. Additionally, CIPQ1 caused oxidative stress induction in both cells, more so in T47D. In vitro study results indicated that the anticancer activity of CIPQ1 was more prominent in T47D cells than in MCF7 cells. The compound CIPQ1 showed a prominent binding with JNK3 in silico. Thus, the obtained hybrid molecules via the molecular hybridization strategy of two important pharmacophores could be useful in the discovery of novel antiproliferative agents, and CIPQ1 could be considered a promising drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Mine Yilmaz Goler
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Genetic and Metabolic Diseases
Research and Investigation Center, Marmara
University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yıldız
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yıldırım
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal
and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty
of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Department
of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji,
Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal
and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty
of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal
and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty
of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Chemistry
of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries
Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul
University, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
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Exploring the Anticancer Effects of Brominated Plastoquinone Analogs with Promising Cytotoxic Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest and Oxidative Stress Induction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070777. [PMID: 35890076 PMCID: PMC9318129 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastoquinone analogs are privileged structures among the known antiproliferative natural product-based compound families. Exploiting one of these analogs as a lead structure, we report the investigation of the brominated PQ analogs (BrPQ) in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute of Bethesda within the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP). These analogs exhibited growth inhibition in the micromolar range across leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer (EKVX, HOP-92, and NCI-H522), colon cancer (HCT-116, HOP-92), melanoma (LOX IMVI), and ovarian cancer (OVCAR-4) cell lines. One brominated PQ analog (BrPQ5) was selected for a full panel five-dose in vitro assay by the NCI’s Development Therapeutic Program (DTP) division to determine GI50, TGI, and LC50 parameters. The brominated PQ analog (BrPQ5) displayed remarkable activity against most tested cell lines, with GI50 values ranging from 1.55 to 4.41 µM. The designed molecules (BrPQ analogs) obeyed drug-likeness rules, displayed a favorable predictive Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) profile, and an in silico simulation predicted a possible BrPQ5 interaction with proteasome catalytic subunits. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of BrPQ5 was assessed, and IC50 values for U-251 glioma, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancers, DU145 prostate cancer, HCT-116 colon cancer, and VHF93 fibroblast cell lines were evaluated using an MTT assay. MCF-7 was the most affected cell line, and the effects of BrPQ5 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, oxidative stress, apoptosis/necrosis induction, and proteasome activity were further investigated in MCF-7 cells. The in vitro assay results showed that BrPQ5 caused cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress induction. However, BrPQ5 did not inhibit the catalytic activity of the proteasome. These results provide valuable insights for further discovery of novel antiproliferative agents.
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Promising Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents Based on Thiolated Vitamin K3 Analogs: Synthesis, Bioevaluation, Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050586. [PMID: 35631412 PMCID: PMC9146127 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we designed and synthesized thiolated VK3 analogs (VK3a–g) along with an extensive antimicrobial study. After the evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, we presented an initial structure–activity relationship study on these VK3 analogs. In particular, four thiolated VK3 analogs exhibited superior biological potency against some Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212). Next, all thiolated VK3 analogs were evaluated for their potential of cell growth inhibition on the NCI-60 cancer cell lines panel. This screening underlined that the thiolated VK3 analogs have no visible cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines. The selected two thiolated VK3 analogs (VK3a and VK3b), having minimal hemolytic activity, which also have the lowest MIC values on S. aureus and E. faecalis, were further evaluated for their inhibition capacities on biofilm formation after evaluating their potential in vitro antimicrobial activity against each of the 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. VK3b showed excellent antimicrobial activity against clinically resistant S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, the tested molecules showed nearly two log10 reduction in the viable cell count at six hours according to the time kill curve studies. Although these molecules decreased biofilm attachment about 50%, when sub-MIC concentrations were used these molecules increased the percentage of biofilm formation. The molecular docking of VK3a and VK3b in S. aureus thymidylate kinase was conducted in order to predict their molecular interactions. VK3a and VK3b exhibited excellent lead-likeness properties and pharmacokinetic profiles that qualify them for further optimization and development. In conclusion, since investigating efficient novel antimicrobial molecules is quite difficult, these studies are of high importance, especially in the present era of antimicrobial resistance.
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In Vitro and In Silico Study of Analogs of Plant Product Plastoquinone to Be Effective in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030693. [PMID: 35163957 PMCID: PMC8839215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have paved the way for the attainment of molecules with a wide-range of biological activities. However, plant products occasionally show low biological activities and/or poor pharmacokinetic properties. In that case, development of their derivatives as drugs from the plant world has been actively performed. As plant products, plastoquinones (PQs) have been of high importance in anticancer drug design and discovery; we have previously evaluated and reported the potential cytotoxic effects of a series of PQ analogs. Among these analogs, PQ2, PQ3 and PQ10 were selected for National Cancer Institute (NCI) for in vitro screening of anticancer activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines. The apparent superior anticancer potency of PQ2 on the HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell line than that of PQ3 and PQ10 compared to other tested cell lines has encouraged us to perform further mechanistic studies to enlighten the mode of anti-colorectal cancer action of PQ2. For this purpose, its apoptotic effects on the HCT-116 cell line, DNA binding capacity and several crucial pharmacokinetic properties were investigated. Initially, MTT assay was conducted for PQ2 at different concentrations against HCT-116 cells. Results indicated that PQ2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells with an IC50 value of 4.97 ± 1.93 μM compared to cisplatin (IC50 = 26.65 ± 7.85 μM). Moreover, apoptotic effects of PQ2 on HCT-116 cells were investigated by the annexin V/ethidium homodimer III staining method and PQ2 significantly induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells compared to cisplatin. Based on the potent DNA cleavage capacity of PQ2, molecular docking studies were conducted in the minor groove of the double helix of DNA and PQ2 presented a key hydrogen bonding through its methoxy moiety. Overall, both in vitro and in silico studies indicated that effective, orally bioavailable drug-like PQ2 attracted attention for colorectal cancer treatment. The most important point to emerge from this study is that appropriate derivatization of a plant product leads to unique biologically active compounds.
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Yıldırım H, Yıldız M, Bayrak N, Mataracı-Kara E, Özbek-Çelik B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Radwan MO, TuYuN AF. Natural-product-inspired design and synthesis of thiolated coenzyme Q analogs as promising agents against Gram-positive bacterial strains: insights into structure–activity relationship, activity profile, mode of action, and molecular docking. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20507-20518. [PMID: 35919160 PMCID: PMC9284347 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to develop effective and potentially active antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1–8) with an extensive antimicrobial study. The antimicrobial profile of these analogs was determined using four Gram-negative bacteria, three Gram-positive bacteria, and three fungi. Because of the fact that the thiolated CoQ analogs were quite effective on all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212), the first two thiolated CoQ analogs emerged as potentially the most desirable ones in this series. Importantly, after the evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity, we presented an initial structure–activity relationship for these CoQ analogs. In addition, the most promising thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1 and CoQ2) having the lowest MIC values on all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, were further evaluated for their inhibition capacities of biofilm formation after evaluating their in vitro potential antimicrobial activity against each of 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. CoQ1 and CoQ2 exhibited potential molecular interactions with S. aureus DNA gyrase in addition to excellent pharmacokinetics and lead-likeness profiles. Our findings offer important implications for a potential antimicrobial drug candidate, in particular for the treatment of infections caused by clinically resistant MRSA isolates. In an attempt to develop effective and potentially active antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1–8) with an extensive antimicrobial study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Mataracı-Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek-Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd, 1–7–30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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