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Song J, Li Y, Wu K, Hu Y, Fang L. MyD88 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer: Prospects and Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:562. [PMID: 38785969 PMCID: PMC11118248 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and cancer underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this context, the innate immune system plays a critical role in preventing tumor invasion. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is crucial for innate immunity, and activation of MyD88 promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and induces infiltration, polarization, and immune escape of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, abnormal MyD88 signaling induces tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, which are closely associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, MyD88 could serve as a novel tumor biomarker and is a promising target for cancer therapy. Current strategies targeting MyD88 including inhibition of signaling pathways and protein multimerization, have made substantial progress, especially in inflammatory diseases and chronic inflammation-induced cancers. However, the specific role of MyD88 in regulating tumor immunity and tumorigenic mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this review describes the involvement of MyD88 in tumor immune escape and disease therapy. In addition, classical and non-classical MyD88 inhibitors were collated to provide insights into potential cancer treatment strategies. Despite several challenges and complexities, targeting MyD88 is a promising avenue for improving cancer treatment and has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yuying Li
- Ruian People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Ke Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Luo Fang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
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Praska CE, Tamburrini R, Danobeitia JS. Innate immune modulation in transplantation: mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1277669. [PMID: 38993914 PMCID: PMC11235239 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1277669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is characterized by a sequence of steps that involve operative trauma, organ preservation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the transplant recipient. During this process, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes the activation of innate immune cells via engagement of the toll-like receptor (TLR) system, the complement system, and coagulation cascade. Different classes of effector responses are then carried out by specialized populations of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes; these play a central role in the orchestration and regulation of the inflammatory response and modulation of the ensuing adaptive immune response to transplant allografts. Organ function and rejection of human allografts have traditionally been studied through the lens of adaptive immunity; however, an increasing body of work has provided a more comprehensive picture of the pivotal role of innate regulation of adaptive immune responses in transplant and the potential therapeutic implications. Herein we review literature that examines the repercussions of inflammatory injury to transplantable organs. We highlight novel concepts in the pathophysiology and mechanisms involved in innate control of adaptive immunity and rejection. Furthermore, we discuss existing evidence on novel therapies aimed at innate immunomodulation and how this could be harnessed in the transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E. Praska
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Juan Sebastian Danobeitia
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Baylor Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Liu H, Ji M, Bi Y, Xiao P, Zhao J, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Ding H, Tang X, Zhang Y. Integration of MyD88 inhibitor into mesoporous cerium oxide nanozymes-based targeted delivery platform for enhancing treatment of ulcerative colitis. J Control Release 2023; 361:493-509. [PMID: 37572964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stressed inflammatory response are major characteristics of ulcerative colitis, which cause disease progression and aggravation. Herein, a novel mesoporous cerium oxide nanozymes (MCN) was designed and then loaded with Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) inhibitor for synergistic treatment of colitis by scavenging ROS and regulating inflammation. This innovative MCN with average particle size of 200.7 nm, specific surface area of 119.78 m2/g and mesopores of 4.47 nm not only exhibited excellent SOD-like and CAT-like activities to scavenge ROS but also could act as a carrier to load MyD88 inhibitor, TJ-M2010-5, (abbreviated as TJ-5) into their mesopores, achieving the effect of 'two birds with one stone'. Besides, the modification of dextran sulfate sodium (TJ-5/MCN/DSS) increased the internalization of nanozymes into activated macrophages and enhanced in vitro anti-inflammatory ability. To enhance colon targeting, we coated TJ-5/MCN/DSS with the enteric material Eudragit S100, preventing premature release or absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The results demonstrated that TJ-5/MCN/DSS/Eudragit not only achieved delayed drug release and improved colon targeting but also exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy in colitis mice. Mechanistically, the MCN-mediated ROS scavenging and TJ-5-mediated MyD88 blockade synergistically inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. Importantly, TJ-5/MCN/DSS/Eudragit did not induce systemic toxicity. In conclusion, our work not only presents a novel carrier capable of scavenging ROS but also provides proof of concept for the synergistic treatment of colitis using this carrier in combination with MyD88 inhibitors. This study proposes a safe and efficient strategy for targeting ROS-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Muse Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuti Bi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peifu Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiansong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Expression and Function of BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043473. [PMID: 36834884 PMCID: PMC9964332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptors (TGF-β1Rs). BAMBI lacks a kinase domain and functions as a TGF-β1R antagonist. Essential processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation are regulated by TGF-β1R signaling. TGF-β is the best-studied ligand of TGF-βRs and has an eminent role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is the end stage of almost all chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and at the moment, there is no effective anti-fibrotic therapy available. Hepatic BAMBI is downregulated in rodent models of liver injury and in the fibrotic liver of patients, suggesting that low BAMBI has a role in liver fibrosis. Experimental evidence convincingly demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression is able to protect against liver fibrosis. Chronic liver diseases have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BAMBI was shown to exert tumor-promoting as well as tumor-protective functions. This review article aims to summarize relevant studies on hepatic BAMBI expression and its role in chronic liver diseases and HCC.
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Bao H, Li X, Lai X, Chen X, Li Y, Yao Z, Huang Z, Huang J, Chang L, Zhang G. Interleukin-19 upregulates fibronectin and collagen I expression via the NF-κB-Smad2/3 pathway in fibroblasts of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:43-55. [PMID: 36316415 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue remodeling is a prominent characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Excess deposition of fibronectin (FN) and collagen (Col) I by fibroblasts is crucial for the pathologic tissue remodeling in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Increased interleukin (IL)-19 level in patients with CRS had been demonstrated in our previous studies. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of IL-19 in mediating FN and Col I expression in CRS. METHODS Nasal mucosal tissue samples were collected from patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRSsNP, and controls. The expression of IL-19, vimentin, FN, and Col I were detected using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Primary human nasal fibroblasts were treated with IL-19, then the activation of Smad2/3, NF-κB and relevant pathways, and the expression of FN and Col I were measured. RESULTS Expression levels of vimentin, FN, and Col I were significantly increased in nasal tissues from patients with CRSsNP compared with CRSwNP and control subjects. Moreover, IL-19 co-localized with FN and Col Ι in nasal tissues. IL-19-treated fibroblasts had increased production of FN and Col I, which was associated with the activated Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, Smad2/3 activation was mediated by the NF-κB pathway in IL-19-treated fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS IL-19 promotes FN and Col I production via the activated NF-κB-Smad2/3 pathway in fibroblasts, leading to fibrosis and collagen deposition in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouzhou Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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β-Elemene Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model by Inhibition of STAT3 and Smad3 Signaling via Suppressing MyD88 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105553. [PMID: 35628363 PMCID: PMC9143890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a chronic pathological process that seriously endangers human health. However, the current therapeutic options for this disease are extremely limited. Previous studies have shown that signaling factors such as JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and Myd88 play a regulatory role in renal fibrosis, and β-elemene is a plant-derived sesquiterpenoid organic compound that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effect of β-elemene was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. It was shown that β-elemene inhibited the synthesis of extracellular matrix-related proteins in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice, and TGF-β stimulated rat interstitial fibroblast cells, including α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and connective tissue growth factor, etc. Further experiments showed that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of the above-mentioned fibrosis-related proteins by blocking the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and the expression or up-regulation of MyD88. Notably, knockdown of MyD88 attenuated the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and Smad3 in TGF-β stimulated NRK49F cell, which may be a novel molecular mechanism by which β-elemene affects renal interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the anti-interstitial fibrosis effect of β-elemene, which provides a new direction for future research and development of drugs related to chronic kidney disease.
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