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Elesawy WH, El-Sahar AE, Sayed RH, Ashour AM, Alsufyani SE, Arab HH, Kandil EA. Repurposing ezetimibe as a neuroprotective agent in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in rats: Role of AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α signaling and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112640. [PMID: 38981225 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
As a severe neurological disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is distinguished by dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN), culminating in motor impairments. Several studies have shown that activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway contributes to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and is a promising candidate for the management of PD. Furthermore, turning on the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway causes autophagy activation, which is fundamental for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Interestingly, ezetimibe is an antihyperlipidemic agent that was recently reported to possess pleiotropic properties in neurology by triggering the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of ezetimibe in rats with rotenone-induced PD by activating AMPK. Adult male Wistar rats received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) every other day for 21 days to induce experimental PD. Rats were treated with ezetimibe (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) 1 h before rotenone. Ezetimibe ameliorated the motor impairments in open field, rotarod and grip strength tests, restored striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase in the SN, up-regulated p-AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC1α striatal expression, upsurged the expression of ULK1, beclin1, and LC3II/I, reduced Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and alleviated rotenone-induced histopathological changes in striatum and SN. Our findings also verified the contribution of AMPK activation to the neuroprotective effect of ezetimibe by using the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Together, this work revealed that ezetimibe exerts a neuroprotective impact in rotenone-induced PD by activating AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α signaling, enhancing autophagy, and attenuating apoptosis. Thus, ezetimibe's activation of AMPK could hold significant therapeutic promise for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam H Elesawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6 October, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuruq E Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esraa A Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Klokkaris A, Migdalska-Richards A. An Overview of Epigenetic Changes in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6168. [PMID: 38892355 PMCID: PMC11172855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, predominantly of the motor system. Although some genetic components and cellular mechanisms of Parkinson's have been identified, much is still unknown. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that non-DNA-sequence variation (in particular epigenetic mechanisms) is likely to play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of epigenetic processes including DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs implicated in the brain of those with Parkinson's disease. We will also discuss the limitations of current epigenetic research in Parkinson's disease, the advantages of simultaneously studying genetics and epigenetics, and putative novel epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Migdalska-Richards
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;
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Liu B, Yan Y, Zhang L. Radix Actinidiae chinensis induces the autophagy and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:291. [PMID: 38764054 PMCID: PMC11103827 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor. Radix Actinidiae chinensis (RAC) is the root of Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc) Planch. ex Miq. In clinical research, RAC was confirmed to have a certain anti-tumor effect, including liver cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. This study investigated the anticancer effect and mechanism of RAC in RCC cells. METHODS The 786-O and A498 cells were intervened with varying concentrations of RAC (0-100 mg/mL) to detect the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RAC. The cells were then co-cultured with 0-50 mg/mL RAC for 0-72 h to assess the effect of RAC on cell viability using the cell counting kit-8. The effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle or apoptosis, migration or invasion, and autophagy were detected using cloning, flow cytometry, Transwell, AOPI assay and Western blot. The number of autophagolysosomes was quantified using a transmission electron microscope. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot. Additionally, an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to explore the underlying mechanism of RAC. RESULTS IC50 values of RAC in 786-O and A498 were 14.76 mg/mL and 13.09 mg/mL, respectively. RAC demonstrated the ability to reduce the cell malignant phenotype of RCC cells, blocked the S phase of cells, promoted apoptosis and autophagy in cells. Furthermore, RAC was observed to increase autophagy-related proteins LC3II/I and Beclin-1, while decreasing the level of P62. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was increased, while the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, p-P38/P38 and p-ERK/ERK were reduced by RAC. However, the addition of 3-MA reduced the apoptosis and autophagy- promotion effects of RAC on RCC cells. CONCLUSION RAC induced the apoptosis and autophagy, to inhibit the progression of RCC cells. This study may provide a theoretical and experimental basis for clinical anti-cancer application of RAC for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Rd, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Rd, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
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Farid HA, Sayed RH, El-Shamarka MES, Abdel-Salam OME, El Sayed NS. PI3K/AKT signaling activation by roflumilast ameliorates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1421-1437. [PMID: 37541971 PMCID: PMC11006765 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Paramount evidence shed light on the role of PI3K/AKT signaling activation in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. PI3K/AKT signaling can be activated via cAMP-dependent pathways achieved by phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition. Roflumilast is a well-known PDE4 inhibitor that is currently used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, roflumilast has been proposed as a favorable candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders. The current study aimed to unravel the neuroprotective role of roflumilast in the rotenone model of PD in rats. Ninety male rats were allocated into six groups as follows: control, rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/48 h, s.c.), L-dopa (22.5 mg/kg, p.o), and roflumilast (0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg, p.o). All treatments were administrated for 21 days 1 h after rotenone injection. Rats treated with roflumilast showed an improvement in motor activity and coordination as well as preservation of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. Moreover, roflumilast increased cAMP level and activated the PI3K/AKT axis via stimulation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB and SIRT1/PTP1B/IGF1 signaling cascades. Roflumilast also caused an upsurge in mTOR and Nrf2, halted GSK-3β and NF-ĸB, and suppressed FoxO1 and caspase-3. Our study revealed that roflumilast exerted neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. These neuroprotective effects were mediated via the crosstalk between CREB/BDNF/TrkB and SIRT1/PTP1B/IGF1 signaling pathways which activates PI3K/AKT trajectory. Therefore, PDE4 inhibition is likely to offer a reliable persuasive avenue in curing PD via PI3K/AKT signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Farid
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | | | - Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Surguchov A, Surguchev AA. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: New Findings and Possible Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3899. [PMID: 38612708 PMCID: PMC11011322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to an inverse association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and almost all cancers except melanoma, for which this association is positive. The results of multiple studies have demonstrated that patients with PD are at reduced risk for the majority of neoplasms. Several potential biological explanations exist for the inverse relationship between cancer and PD. Recent results identified several PD-associated proteins and factors mediating cancer development and cancer-associated factors affecting PD. Accumulating data point to the role of genetic traits, members of the synuclein family, neurotrophic factors, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, circulating melatonin, and transcription factors as mediators. Here, we present recent data about shared pathogenetic factors and mediators that might be involved in the association between these two diseases. We discuss how these factors, individually or in combination, may be involved in pathology, serve as links between PD and cancer, and affect the prevalence of these disorders. Identification of these factors and investigation of their mechanisms of action would lead to the discovery of new targets for the treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexei A Surguchev
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Kamaha Tchekep AG, Suryanarayanan V, Pattanayak DK. New insight into interference-free and highly sensitive dopamine electroanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342234. [PMID: 38280788 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia based on electrochemical dopamine (DA) sensing appears as an efficient and promising practical diagnostic method. However, the coexistence of DA in real samples with ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), which oxidize at potentials close to its own, prevents the accurate electrochemical DA sensing and therefore, hinders the effective diagnosis of these diseases. In this work, we successfully combined the electrostatic proprieties of GO, the electron transfer properties of an AuNPs@MWCNTs nanocomposite and the ability of thiol group of the amino acid l-cysteine to react chemically with carbonyl groups of UA, to develop a novel approach that enabled complete suppression of interference from AA and UA and hence, accurate DA electroanalysis in the conditions close to those of human blood serum. The chemical reaction between l-cysteine and UA was evidenced by monitoring the DPV responses of UA under different conditions. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and FE-SEM revealed the successful synthesis of GO and AuNPs@MWCNTs. The study of the electrode material (GO-AuNPs@MWCNTs) morphology via FE-SEM and HR-TEM showed that AuNPs@MWCNTs are distributed throughout the exfoliated GO layers. The fabricated sensor was calibrated in the concentration range of 0.5-5 μM, in the presence of the highest blood concentrations of AA and UA for healthy individuals. A linear relationship was observed and the LOD was found to be 1.31 nM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the sensor showed good electron transfer kinetics, good repeatability and reproducibility, satisfactory long-term stability, and recoveries in human blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Kamaha Tchekep
- Electrochemical Process Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - V Suryanarayanan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Electro Organic & Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak K Pattanayak
- Electrochemical Process Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. Current genetic data on depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 118:105922. [PMID: 37935601 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting about 1 % of the population over the age of 60 years. PD is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptomatology including not only motor symptoms but non-motor symptoms, as well. Depression is one of the most common non-motor manifestations, and the most frequent neuropsychiatric comorbidity in PD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety may precede the appearance of motor features, highlighting their importance in the early detection of the disease and its strategic management. This review discusses the possible genetic background of the development of these neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients analyzing current genetic data associated with this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Li Y, Yang H, Zhao P, Yang J, Yao C, Zhou C, Yang C, Sun X, Li S, Li J. Autophagy markers, cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:73-81. [PMID: 37801108 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationships between autophagy and PD or depression have been documented. However, no studies explored the role of autophagy markers associated with depressive symptoms in PD. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between autophagy markers, cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms in PD patients. A total of 163 PD patients aged 50-80 years were recruited. Plasma concentrations of autophagy markers (LC3-I, LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1) and glycolipid parameters were measured. Depressive symptoms, cognitive impairments, and motor function were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III), respectively. There were no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed PD patients for LC3-I, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62/SQSTM1. After controlling confounding variables, LC3-II/LC3-I showed an independent relationship with depressive symptoms in PD patients (Beta = 10.082, t = 2.483, p = 0.014). Moreover, in depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with MoCA score (Beta = - 0.002, t = - 2.380, p = 0.020); Further, p62/SQSTM1 was related to naming ability; in addition, p62/SQSTM1 was independently associated with delayed recall (Beta = - 0.001, t = - 2.452, p = 0.017). LC3-II/LC3-I was related to depressive symptoms in PD patients. In depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with cognitive function, especially naming ability and delayed recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hechao Yang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Lomeli-Lepe AK, Castañeda-Cabral JL, López-Pérez SJ. Synucleinopathies: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:427-442. [PMID: 37526884 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by alterations in α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein associated with membrane phospholipids, whose precise function in normal cells is still unknown. These kinds of diseases are caused by multiple factors, but the regulation of the α-syn gene is believed to play a central role in the pathology of these disorders; therefore, the α-syn gene is one of the most studied genes. α-Synucleinopathies are complex disorders that derive from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Here, we offer an update on the landscape of the epigenetic regulation of α-syn gene expression that has been linked with α-synucleinopathies. We also delve into the reciprocal influence between epigenetic modifications and other factors related to these disorders, such as posttranslational modifications, microbiota participation, interactions with lipids, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, to promote α-syn aggregation by acting on the transcription and/or translation of the α-syn gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Karen Lomeli-Lepe
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, México
| | - Jose Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, México
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Angelopoulou E, Bougea A, Paudel YN, Georgakopoulou VE, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. Genetic Insights into the Molecular Pathophysiology of Depression in Parkinson's Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1138. [PMID: 37374342 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with poorly understood pathological contributing factors. Depression presents one of the most frequent non-motor PD manifestations, and several genetic polymorphisms have been suggested that could affect the depression risk in PD. Therefore, in this review we have collected recent studies addressing the role of genetic factors in the development of depression in PD, aiming to gain insights into its molecular pathobiology and enable the future development of targeted and effective treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: we have searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research articles published in English (pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as relevant reviews and meta-analyses) investigating the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of PD depression. Results: in particular, polymorphisms in genes related to the serotoninergic pathway (sodium-dependent serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, tryptophan hydrolase-2 gene, TPH2), dopamine metabolism and neurotransmission (dopamine receptor D3 gene, DRD3, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene, ALDH2), neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, BDNF), endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptor gene, CNR1), circadian rhythm (thyrotroph embryonic factor gene, TEF), the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT2 gene, SLC6A15), and PARK16 genetic locus were detected as altering susceptibility to depression among PD patients. However, polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and B (MAOB) genes, catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT), CRY1, and CRY2 have not been related to PD depression. Conclusions: the specific mechanisms underlying the potential role of genetic diversity in PD depression are still under investigation, however, there is evidence that they may involve neurotransmitter imbalance, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as the dysregulation of neurotrophic factors and their downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 46150, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Khot M, Sood A, Pushpa Tryphena K, Pinjala P, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Kumar Khatri D. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates Parkinsonian pathology by modulating autophagy and apoptosis via Nrf2-TIGAR-LAMP2/Cathepsin D axis. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148462. [PMID: 37315723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress and accumulation of dysfunctional organelle and misfolded proteins in PD. Autophagosomes mediate the clearance of these cytoplasmic proteins via delivery to lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, followed by degradation of the protein by lysosomal enzymes. In PD, autophagolysosome accumulation occurs initiating a plethora of events resulting in neuronal death by apoptosis. This study evaluated the effect of Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator in the rotenone-induced mouse PD model. In PD mice, there was decreased expression of LAMP2 and LC3, which resulted in inhibition of autophagic flux and increased expression of cathepsin D, which mediated apoptosis. The role of Nrf2 activation in alleviating oxidative stress is well known. Our study elucidated the novel mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of DMF. The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone was lessened to a significant extent by pre-treatment with DMF. DMF promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited apoptosis by removing the inhibitory effect of p53 on TIGAR. TIGAR expression upregulated LAMP2 expression and downregulated Cathepsin D, promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, it was proved that DMF confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for PD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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12
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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Zaki ES, Sayed RH, Saad MA, El-Yamany MF. Roflumilast ameliorates ovariectomy-induced depressive-like behavior in rats via activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-dependent autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2023:121806. [PMID: 37257579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Roflumilast, a well-known phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor, possess an anti-inflammatory activity with approved indications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective role of roflumilast in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced depressive-like behavior in female rats and to shed light on a potential autophagy enhancing effect. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, OVX, OVX + roflumilast (1 mg/kg, p.o), and OVX + roflumilast + chloroquine (CQ) (50 mg/kg, i.p). Drugs were administered for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks after OVX. KEY FINDINGS Roflumilast improved the depressive-like behaviors observed in OVX rats as evidenced by decreasing both forced swimming and open field immobility times while, increasing % sucrose preference and number of open field crossed squares. Histopathological analysis provides further evidence of roflumilast's beneficial effects, demonstrating that roflumilast ameliorated the neuronal damage caused by OVX. Roflumilast antidepressant potential was mediated via restoring hippocampal cAMP and BDNF levels as well as down-regulating PDE4 expression. Moreover, roflumilast revealed anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via hindering TNF-α level and diminishing Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Roflumilast restored the autophagic function via up-regulation of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, Beclin-1 and LC3II/I expression, along with downregulation of P62 level and p-mTOR protein expression. The autophagy inhibitor CQ was used to demonstrate the suggested pathway. SIGNIFICANCE The present study revealed that roflumilast showed an anti-depressant activity in OVX female rats via turning on AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-dependent autophagy pathway; and neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Roflumilast could offer a more secure alternative to hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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15
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Naren P, Samim KS, Tryphena KP, Vora LK, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Microtubule acetylation dyshomeostasis in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37150812 PMCID: PMC10165769 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inter-neuronal communication occurring in extensively branched neuronal cells is achieved primarily through the microtubule (MT)-mediated axonal transport system. This mechanistically regulated system delivers cargos (proteins, mRNAs and organelles such as mitochondria) back and forth from the soma to the synapse. Motor proteins like kinesins and dynein mechanistically regulate polarized anterograde (from the soma to the synapse) and retrograde (from the synapse to the soma) commute of the cargos, respectively. Proficient axonal transport of such cargos is achieved by altering the microtubule stability via post-translational modifications (PTMs) of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, core components constructing the MTs. Occurring within the lumen of MTs, K40 acetylation of α-tubulin via α-tubulin acetyl transferase and its subsequent deacetylation by HDAC6 and SIRT2 are widely scrutinized PTMs that make the MTs highly flexible, which in turn promotes their lifespan. The movement of various motor proteins, including kinesin-1 (responsible for axonal mitochondrial commute), is enhanced by this PTM, and dyshomeostasis of neuronal MT acetylation has been observed in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and is closely associated with impaired MT dynamics and deregulated tubulin acetylation levels. Although the relationship between status of MT acetylation and progression of PD pathogenesis has become a chicken-and-egg question, our review aims to provide insights into the MT-mediated axonal commute of mitochondria and dyshomeostasis of MT acetylation in PD. The enzymatic regulators of MT acetylation along with their synthetic modulators have also been briefly explored. Moving towards a tubulin-based therapy that enhances MT acetylation could serve as a disease-modifying treatment in neurological conditions that lack it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashri Naren
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Khan Sabiya Samim
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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16
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Niu T, Wei Z, Fu J, Chen S, Wang R, Wang Y, Zheng R. Venlafaxine, an anti-depressant drug, induces apoptosis in MV3 human melanoma cells through JNK1/2-Nur77 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1080412. [PMID: 36686679 PMCID: PMC9846499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Venlafaxine is one of the most commonly used anti-depressant and antineoplastic drug. Previous studies have predicted venlafaxine as an anti-cancer compound, but the therapeutic effects of venlafaxine in melanoma have not yet been demonstrated. Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor that highly expressed in melanoma cells and can interact with Bcl-2 to convert Bcl-2 from an antiapoptotic to a pro-apoptotic protein. Method: We examined the effects of venlafaxine in MV3 cells in vitro and MV3 xenograft tumor in nude mice. Western-blot, PCR, TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence were used to reveal the growth of melanoma cells. Results: Here, our data revealed that venlafaxine could reduce the growth, and induce apoptosis of melanoma cells through a Nur77-dependent way. Our results also showed that treatment with venlafaxine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) potently inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, venlafaxine activated JNK1/2 signaling, induced Nur77 expressions and mitochondrial localization, thereby promoting apoptosis of melanoma cells. Knockdown of Nur77 and JNK1/2, or inhibition of JNK1/2 signaling with its inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the anti-cancer effects of venlafaxine. Conclusion: In summary, our results suggested venlafaxine as a potential therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Niu
- Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuya Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruihe Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,*Correspondence: Ruihe Zheng, ,
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17
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Magaña JC, Deus CM, Giné-Garriga M, Montané J, Pereira SP. Exercise-Boosted Mitochondrial Remodeling in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123228. [PMID: 36551984 PMCID: PMC9775656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Given the estimated escalation in the number of people with PD in the coming decades, interventions aimed at minimizing morbidity and improving quality of life are crucial. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are intrinsic factors related to PD pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with PD might benefit from various forms of exercise in diverse ways, from general health improvements to disease-specific effects and, potentially, disease-modifying effects. However, the signaling and mechanism connecting skeletal muscle-increased activity and brain remodeling are poorly elucidated. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk in PD, with a special focus on mitochondrial effects, proposing mitochondrial dysfunction as a linker in the muscle-brain axis in this neurodegenerative disease and as a promising therapeutic target. Moreover, we outline how exercise secretome can improve mitochondrial health and impact the nervous system to slow down PD progression. Understanding the regulation of the mitochondrial function by exercise in PD may be beneficial in defining interventions to delay the onset of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Magaña
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia M. Deus
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Histone Deacetylases as Epigenetic Targets for Treating Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050672. [PMID: 35625059 PMCID: PMC9140162 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that is increasingly becoming a global threat to the health and life of the elderly worldwide. Although there are some drugs clinically available for treating PD, these treatments can only alleviate the symptoms of PD patients but cannot completely cure the disease. Therefore, exploring other potential mechanisms to develop more effective treatments that can modify the course of PD is still highly desirable. Over the last two decades, histone deacetylases, as an important group of epigenetic targets, have attracted much attention in drug discovery. This review focused on the current knowledge about histone deacetylases involved in PD pathophysiology and their inhibitors used in PD studies. Further perspectives related to small molecules that can inhibit or degrade histone deacetylases to treat PD were also discussed.
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19
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Behl T, Kumar S, Althafar ZM, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Yadav S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Almoshari Y, Almikhlafi MA, Bungau S. Exploring the Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4257-4273. [PMID: 35505049 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, researchers have discovered that a group of apparently unrelated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, have remarkable cellular and molecular biology similarities. Protein misfolding and aggregation are involved in all of the neurodegenerative conditions; as a result, inclusion bodies aggregation starts in the cells. Chaperone proteins and ubiquitin (26S proteasome's proteolysis signal), which aid in refolding misfolded proteins, are frequently found in these aggregates. The discovery of disease-causing gene alterations that code for multiple ubiquitin-proteasome pathway proteins in Parkinson's disease has strengthened the relationship between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and neurodegeneration. The specific molecular linkages between these systems and pathogenesis, on the other hand, are unknown and controversial. We outline the current level of knowledge in this article, focusing on important unanswered problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ziyad M Althafar
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Shivam Yadav
- Yashraj Institute of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibha University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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20
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Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Microtubules Are Master Regulators of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axon Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081358. [PMID: 35456037 PMCID: PMC9033047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is an active process that differs from neuronal death, and it is the hallmark of many disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Starting from the analyses of Wallerian degeneration, the simplest experimental model, here we describe how the long projecting neuronal populations affected in Parkinson’s disease and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies share commonalities in the mechanisms and molecular players driving the earliest phase of axon degeneration. Indeed, both dopaminergic and sensory neurons are particularly susceptible to alterations of microtubules and axonal transport as well as to dysfunctions of the ubiquitin proteasome system and protein quality control. Finally, we report an updated review on current knowledge of key molecules able to modulate these targets, blocking the on-going axonal degeneration and inducing neuronal regeneration. These molecules might represent good candidates for disease-modifying treatment, which might expand the window of intervention improving patients’ quality of life.
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