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Wu Y, Gardner R, Schöneich C. Near UV and Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Bovine Serum Albumin and a Monoclonal Antibody Mediated by Citrate Buffer and Fe(III): Reduction vs Oxidation Pathways. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4060-4073. [PMID: 39013609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Light exposure during manufacturing, storage, and administration can lead to the photodegradation of therapeutic proteins. This photodegradation can be promoted by pharmaceutical buffers or impurities. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that citrate-Fe(III) complexes generate the •CO2- radical anion when photoirradiated under near UV (λ = 320-400 nm) and visible light (λ = 400-800 nm) [Subelzu, N.; Schöneich, C. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2020, 17 (11), 4163-4179; Zhang, Y. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2022, 19 (11), 4026-4042]. Here, we evaluated the impact of citrate-Fe(III) on the photostability and degradation mechanisms of disulfide-containing proteins (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and NISTmAb) under pharmaceutically relevant conditions. We monitored and localized competitive disulfide reduction and protein oxidation by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis depending on the reaction conditions. These competitive pathways were affected by multiple factors, including light dose, Fe(III) concentration, protein concentration, the presence of oxygen, and light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Reece Gardner
- Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Khalikova M, Jireš J, Horáček O, Douša M, Kučera R, Nováková L. What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:560-609. [PMID: 37503656 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small-molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS-based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Zhu X, Gong L, Qin Q. Development, methodological evaluation and application of a cell-based TRF assay for analysis of ADCC activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115655. [PMID: 37647793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of an antibody with its FcγR plays an important role in effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Nowadays altered ADCC activity of an antibody can be achieved by utilizing an effective glyco-engineering strategy, which often involves changes of sugar moieties in Fc part of the antibody, thereby affecting its receptor binding with effector cells. We aimed to construct a cell-based time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assay for the evaluation of ADCC activity triggered by the antibody drug Trastuzumab (anti-HER2) and T-DM1. The assay was initiated by incubating 2,2':6',2 "-Terpyridine-6,6"-dicarboxylic acid (TDA)-labeled target SK-BR3 cells with the testing antibodies and engineered NK-92 effector cells. After incubation, the target cells were lysed to detect TDA released into the supernatant. Together with added Eu, the TDA in the supernatant formed a stable chelate of EuTDA with high-intensity fluorescence. The ADCC activity was then determined by measuring the fluorescence of EuTDA. Consequently, the method demonstrated good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity over methodological assessment and compared well with the Luciferase release assay in terms of the agreement of the achieved results. Using the developed assay, we evaluated the ADCC activity of two glyco-engineered anti-HER-2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and the results showed that antibody Fc glycosylation modifications influenced antibody ADCC activity to varying degrees. In conclusion, the present assay is able to accurately assess the ADCC activity induced by Trastuzumab (anti-HER2) and T-DM1, and a similar methodology can be applied to other therapeutic antibodies during drug development to help screen for antibodies with desirable ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Department of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Likun Gong
- Department of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
| | - Qiuping Qin
- Department of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
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White S, Morrow R, Pan I, de Zoeten EF. Riding the Wave of Adalimumab Biosimilars: Considerations for Pediatric Gastroenterologists. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:701-703. [PMID: 36867849 PMCID: PMC10691743 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon White
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO 80045
- Children's Hospital Colorado Digestive Health Institute, Aurora, CO 80045
- Children's Hospital Colorado Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ryan Morrow
- Children's Hospital Colorado Digestive Health Institute, Aurora, CO 80045
- Children's Hospital Colorado Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ingrid Pan
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO 80045
- Children's Colorado Division of Rheumatology
| | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Children's Hospital Colorado Digestive Health Institute, Aurora, CO 80045
- Children's Hospital Colorado Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO 80045
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Rigamonti N, Sebellin J, Pipitone F, Realdon N, Carpanese D, Coppola M. A Method for Risk Assessment Evaluating the Safety, Stability and Efficacy in Clinical Practice of Anticancer Drug Preparations in the Centralized Compounding Unit of the Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051429. [PMID: 37242671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preparation of injectable anticancer drugs in hospital pharmacies is a high-risk activity that requires a proper risk assessment (RA) and quality assurance system (QAS) to ensure both a decrease in risk associated with chemotherapy compounding and high quality of the final product, especially in terms of its microbiological stability. METHODS At the centralized compounding unit (UFA) of the Italian Hospital IOV-IRCCS, a quick and deductive method was applied to evaluate the "added value" provided by each prescribed preparation, and its RA was calculated applying a formula that integrates different pharmacological, technological and organizational aspects. According to specific RA range values, the preparations were divided into different risk levels, in order to determine the QAS to be adopted, according to the Italian Ministry of Health guidelines, whose adherence was meticulously evaluated through a specific self-assessment procedure. A review of the scientific literature was carried out to integrate the risk-based predictive extended stability (RBPES) of drugs with data concerning their physiochemical and biological stability. RESULTS Based on the self-assessment comprising all microbiological validations of the working area, personnel and products, the microbiological risk level within the IOV-IRCCS' UFA was defined through the creation of a transcoding matrix, conferring a microbiological stability to preparations and vial leftovers of a maximum of 7 days. The calculated RBPES were successfully integrated with stability data from the literature, leading to the drafting of a stability table of drugs and preparations in use in our UFA. CONCLUSIONS Our methods allowed us to perform an in-depth analysis of the highly specific and technical process of anticancer drug compounding in our UFA, ensuring a certain grade of quality and safety to preparations, especially in terms of microbiological stability. The resulting RBPES table represents an invaluable tool with positive repercussions at organizational and economic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Rigamonti
- Pharmacy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica Sebellin
- Pharmacy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Pipitone
- Pharmacy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Realdon
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Department, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Debora Carpanese
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Coppola
- Pharmacy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Visioli F. Science and claims of the arena of food bioactives: comparison of drugs, nutrients, supplements, and nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2022; 13:12470-12474. [PMID: 36398767 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community and lay press are participating in a heated debate over the usefulness of food bioactives when used as dietary supplements. This debate often ignores hard scientific evidence and the outcomes of proper research in either direction. Some propose that health claims should be awarded based on classic pharmacological parameters of efficacy and safety. Others suggest that a botanical history of their safe use and basic biological evidence in support of their effects should suffice to allow their marketing. The current regulatory impasse does not help solve this conundrum. It is time for scientists, regulators, and legislators to open an epistemological debate on the appropriateness of using classic pharmacological methods for substances that do not share the usual drug profiles and which are, consequently, difficult to study in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy. .,IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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