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Aboelhassan DM, Darwish HR, Mansour H, Abozaid H, Ghaly IS, Radwan HA, Hassan ER, Farag IM. Polymorphisms and expressions of ADSL, MC4R and CAPN1 genes and their effects on economic traits in Egyptian chicken breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:4. [PMID: 38071695 PMCID: PMC10710965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, strategic plans for poultry production have emphasized quantitative traits, particularly body weight and carcass traits (meat yield), in response to overpopulation challenges. Candidate genes such as adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), and calpain 1 (CAPN1) have played vital roles in this context due to their associations with muscle growth and body composition. This study aims to investigate the influence of polymorphisms and gene expressions of the aforementioned genes on body weight (BW), growth rate (GR), breast weight (BrW), and thigh weight (TW) across four distinct chicken breeds: Fayoumi, Matrouh, Mamourah, and Leghorn. The use of PCR-SSCP analysis revealed genetic polymorphisms through the identification of various patterns (genotypes) within the three examined genes. The ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes exhibited five, three, and two different genotypes, respectively. These polymorphisms displayed promising connections with enhancing economically significant production traits, particularly BW, BrW and TW. Furthermore, gene expression analyses were conducted on breast and thigh tissues obtained from the chicken breeds at 60 days of age, where ADSL and MC4R exhibited a noteworthy up-regulation in Fayoumi and Matrouh breeds, and down-regulation in Mamourah and Leghorn. In contrast, CAPN1 expression decreased across most breeds with a slight increase noted in Fayoumi breed. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the substantial impact of ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes on economically important production traits within Egyptian domestic chicken breeds. Consequently, these genes emerge as significant molecular markers, holding potential utility in avian selection and breeding programs aimed at enhancing productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M Aboelhassan
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hassan R Darwish
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hayam Mansour
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hesham Abozaid
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural and Biology Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Inas S Ghaly
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa A Radwan
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman R Hassan
- Department of Poultry Disease, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Farag
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33st El Bohouth, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Kubota S, Vandee A, Keawnakient P, Molee W, Yongsawatdikul J, Molee A. Effects of the MC4R, CAPN1, and ADSL genes on body weight and purine content in slow-growing chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4327-4337. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Coria MS, Reineri PS, Pighin D, Barrionuevo MG, Carranza PG, Grigioni G, Palma GA. Feeding strategies alter gene expression of the calpain system and meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Braford steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:753-762. [PMID: 31480177 PMCID: PMC7206388 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementing pasture-finished steers with corn silage on the expression level of the calpain system proteins and beef tenderization. Methods Thirty Braford steers grazing on summer pasture were used for the study. For 120 days fifteen animals were supplemented with corn silage at 1% of body weight per head per day (Suppl) whereas the remaining 15 steers only received pasture (Contr). Carcass and meat traits were evaluated and compared between groups. Gene expression and activities of proteases (calpain 1 and calpain 2) and inhibitor (calpastatin) were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and casein zymography. Results Carcass and meat traits were significantly different between feeding systems. Supplemented steers showed higher hot carcass weight (p<0.01), fat content (p = 0.02), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the control group showed higher protease:inhibitor ratios, at mRNA (p = 0.01) and protein levels (p<0.10). Warner-Bratzler shear force and mRNA calpains:calpastatin ratio were associated in both feeding systems (p<0.01). Conclusion Based on the results obtained in the study, beef tenderness differences among finishing strategies could be modulated through differential expression of the calpain system proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sumampa Coria
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sebastián Reineri
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,Santiago del Estero Agricultural Experimental Station, Francisco Cantos Experimental Field, INTA, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero, G4206XBK, Argentina
| | - Dario Pighin
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute, Agroindustry Research Centre, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, B1712, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Maria Guadalupe Barrionuevo
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Santiago del Estero Centre of Research and Transfer (CITSE), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Grigioni
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute, Agroindustry Research Centre, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, B1712, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Palma
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
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Hare KS, Wood KM, Acton K, Fitzsimmons C, Penner GB. Oversupplying metabolizable protein in late gestation for beef cattle: effects on prepartum BW, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and skeletal muscle catabolism. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:407-423. [PMID: 30371778 PMCID: PMC6313108 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of oversupplying MP during late gestation on maternal BW, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and skeletal muscle catabolism. Crossbred Hereford heifers (n = 24) were assigned to a control treatment designed to meet MP requirements (CON) or a treatment providing 133% of the MP requirement (HMP). Heifers were individually fed their treatment from day -55 ± 3 relative to parturition and DMI was summarized by week. BW was measured on day -55 ± 3, -41 ± 3, -27 ± 3, and -8 ± 3. Ruminal digesta samples were collected on day -34 ± 5 and -15 ± 4 for short-chain fatty acid and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration. Plasma was collected the day prior to ruminal digesta samples and analyzed for plasma urea-N. Nitrogen balance was measured over a 6-d period starting on day -34 ± 4 and -15 ± 4. Following completion of the N balance periods, muscle biopsies were collected from the longissimus dorsi and analyzed for abundance of proteins relating to skeletal muscle catabolism. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block (date of parturition) design with repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Heifers fed HMP increased conceptus-corrected BW by a greater magnitude than CON at day -8 relative to -55 and -41 (treatment × day, P < 0.01). DMI increased (P < 0.01) by 18% on week -2 compared to -8, but then decreased (P < 0.01) by 8.0% for week -1. N-intake, apparent N digestion, N excretion, and N retention (g/d) were all greater (P < 0.01) for HMP heifers than CON but did not differ when expressed as a proportion of N intake. Ruminal NH3-N decreased (treatment × day, P < 0.01) as parturition approached for HMP (10.1 to 8.6 mg/dL); whereas, NH3-N was not affected for CON (1.0 to 1.3 mg/dL). Consequently, plasma urea-N was greater (P < 0.01) for HMP heifers (15.0 vs. 7.5 mg/dL). Heifers fed HMP had improved (P < 0.01) DM, OM, and NDF digestibility relative to CON heifers. The abundance of calpastatin was greater (P = 0.03) and calpain tended to be greater (P = 0.085) for CON cows compared to HMP. Feeding greater quantities of MP during late gestation may improve ruminal fermentation, N balance, and improve BW gain prepartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryn S Hare
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie M Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kortney Acton
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Malheiros JM, Enríquez-Valencia CE, da Silva Duran BO, de Paula TG, Curi RA, de Vasconcelos Silva JAI, Dal-Pai-Silva M, de Oliveira HN, Chardulo LAL. Association of CAST2, HSP90AA1, DNAJA1 and HSPB1 genes with meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. Meat Sci 2018; 138:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saccà E, Corazzin M, Pizzutti N, Lippe G, Piasentier E. Earlypost mortemexpression of genes related to tenderization in two Italian Simmental young bulls' skeletal muscles differing in contractile type. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:992-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Saccà
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Mirco Corazzin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pizzutti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Food Science; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
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Piórkowska K, Nowak J, Połtowicz K. The normalisation ofCAPNgene expression inM. pectoralis superficialisin broiler lines differing in growth rate and their relationship to breast muscle tenderness. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:452-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1058918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Immunomodulatory factors and infectious agents associated with the hepatic gene expression of the IGF system in nursery pigs. Animal 2014; 8:844-51. [PMID: 24576503 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest there is a complex interaction between the IGF system and the inflammatory immune response. The objective of this study was to determine whether gene expression of growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and growth hormone receptors (GHR)) in the liver is associated with gene expression of immunomodulators in the liver, including C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18, as well as with the presence of Salmonella spp., Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, swine influenza virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in nursery pigs (n=74) from commercial farms (n=4). Gene expression was quantified using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) and the data were modelled using logistic regression methods. Pigs with elevated IGF-1 expression were less likely to have increased expression of TNF-α (odds ratio (OR)=0.14, P<0.01) and IL-18 (OR=0.19, P<0.05), and less likely to be colonized with PRRSV (OR=0.03, P<0.01). Pigs with increased expression of IGFBP-3 were more likely to have elevated IL-6 expression (OR=8.5, P<0.05). It was also observed that IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 were significantly associated when Hp expression was low (OR=30, P<0.05), but this association was not significant when Hp expression was high (P=0.54). Pigs with increased expression of GHR were less likely to have elevated expression of SAA (OR=0.01, P<0.05) and IL-1β (OR=0.03, P<0.05), but more likely to have increased expression of CRP (OR=290, P<0.01). Overall, there appears to be an inverse association between the hepatic expression of the IGF system (IGF-1, IGFBP-3, GHR) and certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α) and acute-phase proteins (SAA, Hp).
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Aali M, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Moradi-Shahrbabak H, Sadeghi M. Detecting novel SNPs and breed-specific haplotypes at calpastatin gene in Iranian fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds and their effects on protein structure. Gene 2014; 537:132-9. [PMID: 24401538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin has been introduced as a potential candidate gene for growth and meat quality traits. In this study, genetic variability was investigated in the exon 6 and its intron boundaries of ovine CAST gene by PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing. Also a protein sequence and structural analysis were performed to predict the possible impact of amino acid substitutions on physicochemical properties and structure of the CAST protein. A total of 487 animals belonging to four ancient Iranian sheep breeds with different fat metabolisms, Lori-Bakhtiari and Chall (fat-tailed), Zel-Atabay cross-bred (medium fat-tailed) and Zel (thin-tailed), were analyzed. Eight unique SSCP patterns, representing eight different sequences or haplotypes, CAST-1, CAST-2 and CAST-6 to CAST-11, were identified. Haplotypes CAST-1 and CAST-2 were most common with frequency of 0.365 and 0.295. The novel haplotype CAST-8 had considerable frequency in Iranian sheep breeds (0.129). All the consensus sequences showed 98-99%, 94-98%, 92-93% and 82-83% similarity to the published ovine, caprine, bovine and porcine CAST locus sequences, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed four SNPs in intron 5 (C24T, G62A, G65T and T69-) and three SNPs in exon 6 (c.197A>T, c.282G>T and c.296C>G). All three SNPs in exon 6 were missense mutations which would result in p.Gln 66 Leu, p.Glu 94 Asp and p.Pro 99 Arg substitutions, respectively, in CAST protein. All three amino acid substitutions affected the physicochemical properties of ovine CAST protein including hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity and net charge and subsequently might influence its structure and effect on the activity of Ca2+ channels; hence, they might regulate calpain activity and afterwards meat tenderness and growth rate. The Lori-Bakhtiari population showed the highest heterozygosity in the ovine CAST locus (0.802). Frequency difference of haplotypes CAST-10 and CAST-8 between Lori-Bakhtiari (fat-tailed) and Zel (thin-tailed) breeds was highly significant (P<0.001), indicating that these two haplotypes might be breed-specific haplotypes that distinguish between fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aali
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Moradi-Shahrbabak
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Excellent Center for Improving Sheep Carcass Quality and Quantity, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Moradi-Shahrbabak
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Slifierz MJ, Friendship R, de Lange CFM, Rudar M, Farzan A. An epidemiological investigation into the association between biomarkers and growth performance in nursery pigs. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:247. [PMID: 24314007 PMCID: PMC4029453 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers are useful tools in research and clinical practice where they are often used to detect and monitor differences in the physiological state of an animal. The proteins IGF-1, IGFBP-3, GHR, CRP, SAA, Hp, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 have been proposed as potential biomarkers for monitoring growth in livestock. The objective of this study was to determine whether hepatic gene expression of these proposed biomarkers is associated with growth performance in nursery pigs. Herd information and growth parameters were collected for 168 piglets from 8 commercial farms in southern Ontario. From these pigs, a subset of liver tissue samples (n = 74) was used for gene expression analysis of the proposed biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression methods were used to determine whether genetic expression of the proposed biomarkers was associated with growth performance in the nursery. Results Modelling the herd information and individual piglet traits in relation to growth performance revealed that the weight at weaning and the age at weaning are significantly associated with nursery performance. Average daily gain (ADG) was significantly associated with hepatic IGFBP-3 and GHR expression in the liver (P < 0.05), and tended to be associated with hepatic IGF-1 expression (P = 0.071). Similarly, 9-week body weight was significantly associated with hepatic expression of IGFBP-3 and GHR expression (P < 0.05), and tended to be associated with hepatic expression of IGF-1 (P = 0.055). Conclusion The age and weight at which pigs are weaned is an important determinant for nursery performance. Hepatic gene expression of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and GHR can be useful biomarkers for monitoring growth performance in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, N1G 2 W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Li Z, Wu Z, Ren G, Zhao Y, Liu D. Expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor system members and their correlations with growth and carcass traits in Landrace and Lantang pigs during postnatal development. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3569-76. [PMID: 23269622 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The IGF system plays important roles in growth. Nevertheless, few data have been reported so far on the expression of IGF system members and their relationship with growth in domestic animals, especially pigs. In this study, hepatic transcript level of IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), IGFBP3 and IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R), plasma protein level of IGF1 and IGFBP3, and eight growth or carcass traits, including chest circumference, body length, body height (BH), body weight, carcass weight, loin muscle area (LMA), back fat thickness and average daily gain, were measured in fast-growing Landrace and slow-growing Lantang pigs at the age of 1, 27, 90, 150 and 180 days. The results showed that liver mRNA level of IGF1, IGF2 and IGF1R, and blood protein level of IGF1 have a similar developmental profile in both Landrace and Lantang pigs. Their levels were higher at the early age than that at other older ages. Hepatic transcript abundances of the two growth inhibitors, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3, were mostly higher in Lantang pigs than that in Landrace pigs, at 5 examined postnatal stages. The IGF system members' liver mRNA level and/or serum protein level have significant correlation with each other in different age of Landrace or Lantang pigs. Hepatic mRNA level or serum protein level of IGF system members also has significant correlation with investigated traits, especially with BH and LMA, in different age of Lantang or Landrace pigs. Our results revealed the change profiles of porcine IGF system members' liver transcript level and plasma protein level between different pig breeds and different postnatal developmental ages. Moreover, the correlation analysis results suggest that the IGF system members act coordinately to regulate the growth performance and carcass composition in pigs. The information obtained from the present study is important for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of IGF system underlying growth, and for genetic improvement in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Metabolic stress response implicated in diabetic retinopathy: The role of calpain, and the therapeutic impact of calpain inhibitor. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:556-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Gandolfi G, Zambonelli P, Braglia S, Speroni C, Zappavigna A, Russo V, Gallo M, Buttazzoni L, Davoli R. Polymorphisms and haplotypes of calpastatin gene are associated with performance and carcass traits in Italian Large White pigs. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Accelerated growth rate induced by neonatal high-protein milk formula is not supported by increased tissue protein synthesis in low-birth-weight piglets. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:545341. [PMID: 22315674 PMCID: PMC3270429 DOI: 10.1155/2012/545341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-birth-weight neonates are routinely fed a high-protein formula to promote catch-up growth and antibiotics are usually associated to prevent infection. Yet the effects of such practices on tissue protein metabolism are unknown. Baby pigs were fed from age 2 to 7 or 28 d with high protein formula with or without amoxicillin supplementation, in parallel with normal protein formula, to determine tissue protein metabolism modifications. Feeding high protein formula increased growth rate between 2 and 28 days of age when antibiotic was administered early in the first week of life. This could be explained by the occurrence of diarrhea when piglets were fed the high protein formula alone. Higher growth rate was associated with higher feed conversion and reduced protein synthesis rate in the small intestine, muscle and carcass, whereas proteolytic enzyme activities measured in these tissues were unchanged. In conclusion, accelerated growth rate caused by high protein formula and antibiotics was not supported by increased protein synthesis in muscle and carcass.
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Li Z, Zeng F, Mitchell AD, Kim YS, Wu Z, Yang J. Transgenic overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 11 propeptide in skeleton enhances bone formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:289-92. [PMID: 22093826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP11) is a key regulatory protein in skeletal development. BMP11 propeptide has been shown to antagonize GDF11 activity in vitro. To explore the role of BMP11 propeptide in skeletal formation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with skeleton-specific overexpression of BMP11 propeptide cDNA. The mice showed a transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra in our previous report. Presently, further characterizations of the transgenic mice indicated that ossification in calvatia was dramatically enhanced in transgenic fetuses at 16.5 dpc in comparison with their wild-type littermates. At 10 weeks of age, bone mineral content and bone mineral density were significantly (P<0.05) higher in transgenic mice than that in their wild-type littermates based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis. The relative trabecular bone volume measured by histological analysis was dramatically increased in transgenic mice compared with their wild-type littermates. The enhanced bone formations in the transgenic mice appear to result from increase osteoblast activities as the expressions of four osteoblast markers - α1 type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and phex were significantly higher in transgenic fetuses than that in their wild-type littermates. These results suggest that over-expression of BMP11 propeptide stimulates bone formation by increasing osteoblast cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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MUROYA S, NEATH KE, NAKAJIMA I, OE M, SHIBATA M, OJIMA K, CHIKUNI K. Differences in mRNA expression of calpains, calpastatin isoforms and calpain/calpastatin ratios among bovine skeletal muscles. Anim Sci J 2011; 83:252-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li Z, Kawasumi M, Zhao B, Moisyadi S, Yang J. Transgenic over-expression of growth differentiation factor 11 propeptide in skeleton results in transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 77:990-7. [PMID: 21049546 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is one of the significant genes that control skeletal formation. Knockout of GDF11 function causes abnormal patterning of the anterior/posterior axial skeleton. The mRNA of GDF11 is initially translated to a precursor protein that undergoes a proteolytic cleavage to generate the C-terminal peptide or mature GDF11, and the N-terminal peptide named GDF11 propeptide. The propeptide can antagonize GDF11 activity in vitro. To investigate the effects of GDF11 propeptide on GDF11 function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that over-express the propeptide cDNA in skeletal tissue. The transgenic mice showed formation of extra ribs on the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) as a result of transformation of the C7 vertebra into a thoracic vertebra. The GDF11 propeptide transgene mRNA was detected in tail tissue in embryos and was highly expressed in tail and calvaria bones after birth. A high frequency of C7 rib formation was noticed in the transgenic mouse line with a high level of transgene expression. The anterior boundaries of Hoxa-4 and Hoxa-5 mRNA in situ expressions showed cranial shifts from their normal prevertebra locations in transgenic embryos. These results demonstrated significant effects of GDF11 propeptide transgene on vertebral formation, which are likely occurring through depressing GDF11 function and altered locations of Hoxa-4 and Hoxa-5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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