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Wang F, Qi H, Li H, Ma X, Gao X, Li C, Lu F, Mao S, Qin HM. State-of-the-art strategies and research advances for the biosynthesis of D-amino acids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:495-513. [PMID: 37160372 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
D-amino acids (D-AAs) are the enantiomeric counterparts of L-amino acids (L-AAs) and important functional factors with a wide variety of physiological activities and applications in the food manufacture industry. Some D-AAs, such as D-Ala, D-Leu, and D-Phe, have been favored by consumers as sweeteners and fragrances because of their unique flavor. The biosynthesis of D-AAs has attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique advantages. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the structure-function relationships, biosynthesis pathways, multi-enzyme cascade and whole-cell catalysis for the production of D-AAs. The state-of-the-art strategies, including immobilization, protein engineering, and high-throughput screening, are summarized. Future challenges and perspectives of strategies-driven by bioinformatics technologies and smart computing technologies, as well as enzyme immobilization, are also discussed. These new approaches will promote the commercial production and application of D-AAs in the food industry by optimizing the key enzymes for industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuanzhen Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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2
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Gama Cavalcante AL, Dari DN, Izaias da Silva Aires F, Carlos de Castro E, Moreira Dos Santos K, Sousa Dos Santos JC. Advancements in enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanomaterials: toward sustainable industrial applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17946-17988. [PMID: 38841394 PMCID: PMC11151160 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals. The immobilization of enzymes on solid supports, particularly magnetic nanomaterials, enhances their stability and catalytic activity. Magnetic nanomaterials are chosen for their versatility, large surface area, and superparamagnetic properties, which allow for easy separation and reuse in industrial processes. Researchers focus on the synthesis of appropriate nanomaterials tailored for specific purposes. Immobilization protocols are predefined and adapted to both enzymes and support requirements for optimal efficiency. This review provides a detailed exploration of the application of magnetic nanomaterials in enzyme immobilization protocols. It covers methods, challenges, advantages, and future perspectives, starting with general aspects of magnetic nanomaterials, their synthesis, and applications as matrices for solid enzyme stabilization. The discussion then delves into existing enzymatic immobilization methods on magnetic nanomaterials, highlighting advantages, challenges, and potential applications. Further sections explore the industrial use of various enzymes immobilized on these materials, the development of enzyme-based bioreactors, and prospects for these biocatalysts. In summary, this review provides a concise comparison of the use of magnetic nanomaterials for enzyme stabilization, highlighting potential industrial applications and contributing to manufacturing optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
| | - Dayana Nascimento Dari
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - Francisco Izaias da Silva Aires
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - Erico Carlos de Castro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
| | - Kaiany Moreira Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus do Pici, Bloco 940 Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
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Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase: A Key Gene for Color Discrimination of Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030339. [PMID: 36983507 PMCID: PMC10053379 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature; Flammulina velutipes, also known as winter mushrooms, vary in the color of their fruiting bodies, from black, yellow, pale yellow, or beige to white. The purpose of this study was to compare the genome sequences of different colored strains of F. velutipes and to identify variations in the genes associated with fruiting body color. Comparative genomics of six F. velutipes strains revealed 70 white-strain-specific variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels), in the genome sequences. Among them, 36 variations were located in the open reading frames, and only one variation was identified as a mutation with a disruptive in-frame deletion (ΔGCGCAC) within the annotated gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (Fvpal1). This mutation was found to cause a deletion, without a frameshift, of two amino acids at positions 112 and 113 (arginine and threonine, respectively) in the Fvpal1 gene of the white strain. Specific primers to detect this mutation were designed, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to evaluate whether the mutation is color specific for the F. velutipes fruiting body. PCR analysis of a total of 95 F. velutipes strains revealed that this mutation was present only in white strains. In addition, monospores of the heterozygous mutant were isolated, and whether this mutation was related to the color of the fruiting body was evaluated by a mating assay. In the mating analysis of monospores with mutations in Fvpal1, it was found that this mutation plays an important role in determining the color of the fruiting body. Furthermore, the deletion (Δ112RT113) in Fvpal1 is located between motifs that play a key role in the catalytic function of FvPAL1. These results suggest that this mutation can be used as an effective marker for the color-specific breeding of F. velutipes, a representative edible mushroom.
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Luo X, Wang X, Zhang L, Du A, Deng Z, Jiang M, He X. Importance of aspartic acid side chain carboxylate-arginine interaction in substrate selection of arginine 2,3-aminomutase BlsG. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4584. [PMID: 36721314 PMCID: PMC9926467 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide nucleoside blasticidin S features a β-arginine, a moiety seldom revealed in the structure of natural products. BlsG, a radical SAM arginine-2,3-aminomutase from the blasticidin S biosynthetic pathway, displayed promiscuous activity to three basic amino acids. Here in this study, we demonstrated that BlsG showed high preference toward its natural substrate arginine. The combined structural modeling, steady-state kinetics, and mutational analyses lead to the detailed understanding of the substrate recognition of BlsG. A single mutation of T340D changed the substrate preference of BlsG leading to a little more preference to lysine than arginine. On the basis of our understanding of the substrate selection of BlsG and bioinformatic analysis, we propose that the D…D motif locationally corresponding to D293 and D330 of KAM is characteristic of lysine 2,3-aminomutase while the corresponding D…T motif is characteristic of arginine 2,3-aminomutase. The study may provide a simple way to discern the arginine 2,3-aminomutase and thus lead to the discovery of new natural compounds with β-arginine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiankun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aiqin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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6
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Pál C, Molnár Z, Tóth V, Imarah AO, Balogh-Weiser D, Vértessy BG, Poppe L. Immobilization of the Aspartate Ammonia-lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens R124 on Magnetic Nanoparticles - Characterization and Kinetics. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100708. [PMID: 35114050 PMCID: PMC9307013 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate ammonia-lyases (AALs) catalyze the non-oxidative elimination of ammonia from l-aspartate to result fumarate and ammonia. In this work the AAL coding gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens R124 was identified, isolated, and cloned into pET-15b expression vector and expressed in E. coli . The purified enzyme (PfAAL) showed optimal activity at pH 8.8, Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the ammonia elimination from l-aspartate, and no strong dependence on divalent metal ions for its activity. The purified PfAAL was covalently immobilized on epoxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), and effective kinetics of the immobilized PfAAL-MNP was compared to the native solution form. Glycerol addition significantly enhanced the storability of PfAAL-MNP. Inhibiting effect of the growing viscosity (modulated by addition of glycerol or glucose) on the enzymatic activity was observed for the native and immobilized form of PfAAL, as previously described for other free enzymes. The storage stability and recyclability of PfAAL-MNP is promising for further biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csuka Pál
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Tecnology, HUNGARY
| | - Zsófia Molnár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, HUNGARY
| | - Veronika Tóth
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, HUNGARY
| | - Ali Obaid Imarah
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, HUNGARY
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, HUNGARY
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, HUNGARY
| | - Laszlo Poppe
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics: Budapesti Muszaki es Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Szt. Gellert ter 4, H-1111, Budapest, HUNGARY
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Ren X, Fasan R. Engineered and Artificial Metalloenzymes for Selective C-H Functionalization. CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 31:100494. [PMID: 34395950 PMCID: PMC8357270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds constitutes a powerful strategy to construct and diversify organic molecules. However, controlling the chemo- and site-selectivity of this transformation in particularly complex molecular settings represents a significant challenge. Metalloenzymes are ideal platforms for achieving catalyst-controlled selective C-H bond functionalization as their reactivities can be tuned by protein engineering and/or redesign of their cofactor environment. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of engineered and artificial metalloenzymes for C-H functionalization, with a focus on biocatalytic strategies for selective C-H oxyfunctionalization and halogenation as well as C-H amination and C-H carbene insertion via abiological nitrene and carbene transfer chemistries. Engineered heme- and non-heme iron dependent enzymes have emerged as promising scaffolds for executing these transformations with high chemo-, regio- and stereocontrol as well as tunable selectivity. These emerging systems and methodologies have expanded the toolbox of sustainable strategies for organic synthesis and created new opportunities for the generation of chiral building blocks, the late-stage C-H functionalization of complex molecules, and the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
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Son J, Jang JH, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jeon EJ, Bae Bang H, Jeong KJ. Production of trans-cinnamic acid by whole-cell bioconversion from L-phenylalanine in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:145. [PMID: 34303376 PMCID: PMC8310591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) is a phenylpropanoid with a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it also has high potential in food and cosmetic applications. Although significant progress has been made in the production of t-CA using microorganisms, its relatively low product titers still need to be improved. In this study, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell catalyst for the bioconversion of l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) into t-CA and developed a repeated bioconversion process. Results An expression module based on a phenylalanine ammonia lyase-encoding gene from Streptomyces maritimus (SmPAL), which mediates the conversion of l-Phe into t-CA, was constructed in C. glutamicum. Using the strong promoter PH36 and ribosome binding site (RBS) (in front of gene 10 of the T7 phage), and a high-copy number plasmid, SmPAL could be expressed to levels as high as 39.1% of the total proteins in C. glutamicum. Next, to improve t-CA production at an industrial scale, reaction conditions including temperature and pH were optimized; t-CA production reached up to 6.7 mM/h in a bioreactor under optimal conditions (50 °C and pH 8.5, using NaOH as base solution). Finally, a recycling system was developed by coupling membrane filtration with the bioreactor, and the engineered C. glutamicum successfully produced 13.7 mM of t-CA (24.3 g) from 18.2 mM of l-Phe (36 g) and thus with a yield of 75% (0.75 mol/mol) through repetitive supplementation. Conclusions We developed a highly efficient bioconversion process using C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst and a micromembrane-based cell recycling system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on t-CA production in C. glutamicum, and this robust platform will contribute to the development of an industrially relevant platform for the production of t-CA using microorganisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for The BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Development of a versatile and efficient C–N lyase platform for asymmetric hydroamination via computational enzyme redesign. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Han R, Cao X, Fang H, Zhou J, Ni Y. Structure-based engineering of ω-transaminase for enhanced catalytic efficiency toward (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Moisă ME, Amariei DA, Nagy EZA, Szarvas N, Toșa MI, Paizs C, Bencze LC. Fluorescent enzyme-coupled activity assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18418. [PMID: 33116226 PMCID: PMC7595223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) catalyse the non-oxidative deamination of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, while in the presence of high ammonia concentration the reverse reaction occurs. PALs have been intensively studied, however, their industrial applications for amino acids synthesis remained limited, mainly due to their decreased operational stability or limited substrate specificity. The application of extensive directed evolution procedures to improve their stability, activity or selectivity, is hindered by the lack of reliable activity assays allowing facile screening of PAL-activity within large-sized mutant libraries. Herein, we describe the development of an enzyme-coupled fluorescent assay applicable for PAL-activity screens at whole cell level, involving decarboxylation of trans-cinnamic acid (the product of the PAL reaction) by ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC1) and a photochemical reaction of the produced styrene with a diaryltetrazole, that generates a detectable, fluorescent pyrazoline product. The general applicability of the fluorescent assay for PALs of different origin, as well as its versatility for the detection of tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity have been also demonstrated. Accordingly, the developed procedure provides a facile tool for the efficient activity screens of large mutant libraries of PALs in presence of non-natural substrates of interest, being essential for the substrate-specificity modifications/tailoring of PALs through directed evolution-based protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina E Moisă
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana A Amariei
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emma Z A Nagy
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nóra Szarvas
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica I Toșa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - László C Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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12
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Zhang J, Abidin MZ, Saravanan T, Poelarends GJ. Recent Applications of Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases in Asymmetric Synthesis of Noncanonical Amino Acids and Heterocyclic Compounds. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2733-2742. [PMID: 32315503 PMCID: PMC7586795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) lyases are enzymes that normally catalyze the cleavage of C-N bonds. Reversing this reaction towards carbon-nitrogen bond formation can be a powerful approach to prepare valuable compounds that could find applications in everyday life. This review focuses on recent (last five years) applications of native and engineered C-N lyases, either as stand-alone biocatalysts or as part of multienzymatic and chemoenzymatic cascades, in enantioselective synthesis of noncanonical amino acids and dinitrogen-fused heterocycles, which are useful tools for neurobiological research and important synthetic precursors to pharmaceuticals and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical BiologyChina Pharmaceutical University639 Longmian AvenueNanjing211198P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Z. Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal ScienceGadjah Mada University BulaksumurYogyakarta55281Indonesia
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad GachibowliHyderabad500046 TelanganaIndia
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenThe Netherlands
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Tomoiagă RB, Tork SD, Horváth I, Filip A, Nagy LC, Bencze LC. Saturation Mutagenesis for Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases of Enhanced Catalytic Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060838. [PMID: 32486192 PMCID: PMC7355458 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) are attractive biocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of non-natural phenylalanines. The rational design of PALs with extended substrate scope, highlighted the substrate specificity-modulator role of residue I460 of Petroselinum crispum PAL. Herein, saturation mutagenesis at key residue I460 was performed in order to identify PcPAL variants of enhanced activity or to validate the superior catalytic properties of the rationally explored I460V PcPAL compared with the other possible mutant variants. After optimizations, the saturation mutagenesis employing the NNK-degeneracy generated a high-quality transformant library. For high-throughput enzyme-activity screens of the mutant library, a PAL-activity assay was developed, allowing the identification of hits showing activity in the reaction of non-natural substrate, p-MeO-phenylalanine. Among the hits, besides the known I460V PcPAL, several mutants were identified, and their increased catalytic efficiency was confirmed by biotransformations using whole-cells or purified PAL-biocatalysts. Variants I460T and I460S were superior to I460V-PcPAL in terms of catalytic efficiency within the reaction of p-MeO-Phe. Moreover, I460T PcPAL maintained the high specificity constant of the wild-type enzyme for the natural substrate, l-Phe. Molecular docking supported the favorable substrate orientation of p-MeO-cinnamic acid within the active site of I460T variant, similarly as shown earlier for I460V PcPAL (PDB ID: 6RGS).
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Song W, Chen X, Wu J, Xu J, Zhang W, Liu J, Chen J, Liu L. Biocatalytic derivatization of proteinogenic amino acids for fine chemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Lambrughi M, Sanader Maršić Ž, Saez-Jimenez V, Mapelli V, Olsson L, Papaleo E. Conformational gating in ammonia lyases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129605. [PMID: 32222547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonia lyases are enzymes of industrial and biomedical interest. Knowledge of structure-dynamics-function relationship in ammonia lyases is instrumental for exploiting the potential of these enzymes in industrial or biomedical applications. METHODS We investigated the conformational changes in the proximity of the catalytic pocket of a 3-methylaspartate ammonia lyase (MAL) as a model system. At this scope, we used microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, analyzed with dimensionality reduction techniques, as well as in terms of contact networks and correlated motions. RESULTS We identify two regulatory elements in the MAL structure, i.e., the β5-α2 loop and the helix-hairpin-loop subdomain. These regulatory elements undergo conformational changes switching from 'occluded' to 'open' states. The rearrangements are coupled to changes in the accessibility of the active site. The β5-α2 loop and the helix-hairpin-loop subdomain modulate the formation of tunnels from the protein surface to the catalytic site, making the active site more accessible to the substrate when they are in an open state. CONCLUSIONS Our work pinpoints a sequential mechanism, in which the helix-hairpin-loop subdomain of MAL needs to break a subset of intramolecular interactions first to favor the displacement of the β5-α2 loop. The coupled conformational changes of these two elements contribute to modulate the accessibility of the catalytic site. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Similar molecular mechanisms can have broad relevance in other ammonia lyases with similar regulatory loops. Our results also imply that it is important to account for protein dynamics in the design of variants of ammonia lyases for industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Željka Sanader Maršić
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica Saez-Jimenez
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valeria Mapelli
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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The production of L- and D-phenylalanines using engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyases from Petroselinum crispum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20123. [PMID: 31882791 PMCID: PMC6934771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocatalytic synthesis of l- and d-phenylalanine analogues of high synthetic value have been developed using as biocatalysts mutant variants of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL), specifically tailored towards mono-substituted phenylalanine and cinnamic acid substrates. The catalytic performance of the engineered PcPAL variants was optimized within the ammonia elimination and ammonia addition reactions, focusing on the effect of substrate concentration, biocatalyst:substrate ratio, reaction buffer and reaction time, on the conversion and enantiomeric excess values. The optimal conditions provided an efficient preparative scale biocatalytic procedure of valuable phenylalanines, such as (S)-m-methoxyphenylalanine (Y = 40%, ee > 99%), (S)-p-bromophenylalanine (Y = 82%, ee > 99%), (S)-m-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine (Y = 26%, ee > 99%), (R)-p-methylphenylalanine, (Y = 49%, ee = 95%) and (R)-m-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine (Y = 34%, ee = 93%).
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18
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Surface engineering of a Pantoea agglomerans-derived phenylalanine aminomutase for the improvement of (S)-β-phenylalanine biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:204-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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De Schouwer F, Claes L, Vandekerkhove A, Verduyckt J, De Vos DE. Protein-Rich Biomass Waste as a Resource for Future Biorefineries: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1272-1303. [PMID: 30667150 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein-rich biomass provides a valuable feedstock for the chemical industry. This Review describes every process step in the value chain from protein waste to chemicals. The first part deals with the physicochemical extraction of proteins from biomass, hydrolytic degradation to peptides and amino acids, and separation of amino acid mixtures. The second part provides an overview of physical and (bio)chemical technologies for the production of polymers, commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. This can be achieved by incorporation of oligopeptides into polymers, or by modification and defunctionalization of amino acids, for example, their reduction to amino alcohols, decarboxylation to amines, (cyclic) amides and nitriles, deamination to (di)carboxylic acids, and synthesis of fine chemicals and ionic liquids. Bio- and chemocatalytic approaches are compared in terms of scope, efficiency, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Free De Schouwer
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurens Claes
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Annelies Vandekerkhove
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jasper Verduyckt
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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20
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Zhang J, Fu H, Tepper PG, Poelarends GJ. Biocatalytic Enantioselective Hydroaminations for Production of
N
‐Cycloalkyl‐Substituted L‐Aspartic Acids Using Two C−N Lyases. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haigen Fu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G. Tepper
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Sui Z, Luo J, Yao R, Huang C, Zhao Y, Kong L. Functional characterization and correlation analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in coumarin biosynthesis from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 158:35-45. [PMID: 30448740 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins exhibit many biological activities and are the main specialised metabolites of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, an important plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. In preliminary studies, we cloned several genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis in P. praeruptorum, such as 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), p-coumaroyl CoA 2'-hydroxylase (C2'H), feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase (F6'H) and bergaptol O-methyltransferase (BMT). However, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in P. praeruptorum (PpPAL) has not yet been studied. In the present study, we cloned one novel PpPAL gene. Subsequently, the relationship between gene and compounds was studied using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Then, enzyme function was analyzed with L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) as substrate. These experiments showed that the coumarin content could be upregulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), UV irradiation and cold, which was consistent with increased expression levels of PpPAL. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that coumarins were partially related to PpPAL. And the recombinant protein could catalyze the conversion of L-Phe to trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) with a Km of 120 ± 33 μM and a Kcat of 117 ± 32 min-1. Besides, Tyr110, Phe116, Gly117, Ser206, Leu209, Leu259, Tyr354, Arg357, Asn387 and Phe403 were essential for enzymatic activity based on three-dimensional modeling and site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Altogether these results highlight the importance of PpPAL in abiotically induced coumarin biosynthesis and provide further insights regarding the structure-function relationships of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Sui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Wu S, Zhou Y, Li Z. Biocatalytic selective functionalisation of alkenes via single-step and one-pot multi-step reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:883-896. [PMID: 30566124 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkenes are excellent starting materials for organic synthesis due to the versatile reactivity of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds and the easy availability of many unfunctionalised alkenes. Direct regio- and/or enantioselective conversion of alkenes into functionalised (chiral) compounds has enormous potential for industrial applications, and thus has attracted the attention of researchers for extensive development using chemo-catalysis over the past few years. On the other hand, many enzymes have also been employed for conversion of alkenes in a highly selective and much greener manner to offer valuable products. Herein, we review recent advances in seven well-known types of biocatalytic conversion of alkenes. Remarkably, recent mechanism-guided directed evolution and enzyme cascades have enabled the development of seven novel types of single-step and one-pot multi-step functionalisation of alkenes, some of which are even unattainable via chemo-catalysis. These new reactions are particularly highlighted in this feature article. Overall, we present an ever-expanding enzyme toolbox for various alkene functionalisations inspiring further research in this fast-developing theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585.
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23
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Rahmatabadi SS, Sadeghian I, Ghasemi Y, Sakhteman A, Hemmati S. Identification and characterization of a sterically robust phenylalanine ammonia-lyase among 481 natural isoforms through association of in silico and in vitro studies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 122:36-54. [PMID: 30638507 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is of special importance for the treatment of phenylketonuria patients. The aim of this study was to find a stable recombinant PAL with suitable kinetic properties among all natural PAL producing species using in silico and experimental approaches. To find such a stable PAL among 481 natural isoforms, 48,000 of 3-D models were predicted using the Modeller 9.10 program and evaluated by Ramachandran plot. Correlation analysis between Ramachandran plot and the energy of different thermodynamic components indicated that this plot could be an appropriate tool to predict protein stability. Hence, PAL6 from Lotus japonicus (LjPAL6) was selected as a stable isoform. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for 50 ns and docking has been conducted for LjPAL6-phenylalanine complex. The best PAL-phenylalanine frame was selected by re-docking with l-phenylalanine (L-Phe) and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value. MD simulation showed that the complex has a good stability, depicted by the low RMSD value, binding free energy and hydrogen bindings. Docking results showed that LjPAL6 has a high affinity toward l-Phe according to the low level of binding free energy. By overexpressing Ljpal6 in E. coli BL21, a total of 33.5 mg/l of protein was obtained, which has been increased to 83.7 mg/l via the optimization of LjPAL6 production using response surface methodology. The optimal pH and temperature were 8.5 and 50 °C, respectively. LjPAL6 showed a specific activity of 42 nkat/mg protein, with Km, Kcat and Kcat/Km values of 0.483 mM, 7 S-1 and 14.5 S-1 mM-1 for l-phe, respectively. In conclusion, finding models with the most reasonable stereo-chemical quality and lowest numbers of steric clashes would result in easier folding. Hence, in silico analyses of bulk data from natural origin will lead one to find an optimal model for in vitro studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Soheil Rahmatabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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24
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Deng G, Chen J, Sun W, Bian K, Jiang Y, Loh TP. Bioinspired Deamination of α
-Amino Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by a Palladium/Nickel Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongtao Deng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Wangbin Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Kehan Bian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 637371 Singapore
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Pawar SV, Hallam SJ, Yadav VG. Metagenomic discovery of a novel transaminase for valorization of monoaromatic compounds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22490-22497. [PMID: 35539725 PMCID: PMC9081488 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The profitability of next-generation biorefineries is acutely contingent on the discovery and utilization of biocatalysts that can valorize lignin. To this end, the metabolic catalogues of diverse microbiota have been mined previously using functional metagenomics in order to identify biocatalysts that can selectively degrade lignin into monoaromatic compounds. Herein, we have further improved the valorization factor of biorefining by deploying functional metagenomics toward the identification of a novel transaminase that can selectively functionalize lignin-derived monoaromatics to produce value-added feedstocks for pharmaceutical synthesis. We implemented a high-throughput colorimetric assay using o-xylylenediamine as the amino donor and successfully identified a transaminase that utilizes the canonical cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, to aminate as many as 14 monoaromatic aldehydes and ketones. We subsequently identified the optimal conditions for enzyme activity towards the most favoured amino acceptor, benzaldehyde, including temperature, pH and choice of co-solvent. We also evaluated the specificity of the enzyme towards a variety of amino donors, as well as the optimal concentration of the most favoured amino donor. Significantly, the novel enzyme is markedly smaller than typical transaminases, and it is stably expressed in E. coli without any modifications to its amino acid sequence. Finally, we developed and implemented a computational methodology to assess the activity of the novel transaminase. The methodology is generalizable for assessing any transaminase and facilitates in silico screening of enzyme-substrate combinations in order to develop efficient biocatalytic routes to value-added amines. The computational pipeline is an ideal complement to metagenomics and opens new possibilities for biocatalyst discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip V Pawar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University Chandigarh Punjab India
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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26
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Li W, Yang Y, Qiao C, Zhang G, Luo Y. Functional characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase- and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding genes from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine-producing plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1264-1279. [PMID: 29894786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galanthamine (GAL), the well-known Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, is a clinically used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. L-Phenylalanine (Phe) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) were enzymatically transformed into the catechol portion of GAL. Herein, a Phe ammonia-lyase-encoding gene LrPAL3 and a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding gene LrC4H were cloned from Lycoris radiata, a GAL-producing plant. LrPAL3 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. LrPAL3 catalyzes the forward deamination conversion of L-Phe into trans-CA. The 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-L-Phe were deaminated to generate the corresponding 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-trans-CA by LrPAL3. LrPAL3-catalyzed reverse hydroamination was confirmed by the conversion of trans-CA into L-Phe with exceptional regio- and stereo-selectivity. LrC4H was overexpressed in E. coli with tCamCPR, a cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding gene. LrC4H catalyzes the regioselective para-hydroxylation on trans-CA to form p-coumaric acid. The transcriptional levels of both LrPAL3 and LrC4H were positively associated with the GAL contents within the leaves and flowers of L. radiata, which suggested that their expression and function are co-regulated and involved in the biosynthesis of GAL. The present investigations on the biosynthetic genes of GAL will promote the development of synthetic biology platforms for this kind of important drug via metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Ahmed ST, Parmeggiani F, Weise NJ, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. Engineered Ammonia Lyases for the Production of Challenging Electron-Rich l-Phenylalanines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed T. Ahmed
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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28
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Chen FF, Zheng GW, Liu L, Li H, Chen Q, Li FL, Li CX, Xu JH. Reshaping the Active Pocket of Amine Dehydrogenases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky Aliphatic Amines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Weise NJ, Parmeggiani F, Ahmed ST, Turner NJ. Discovery and Investigation of Mutase-like Activity in a Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase from Anabaena variabilis. Top Catal 2018; 61:288-295. [PMID: 30956511 PMCID: PMC6413883 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of extended reaction times on the regio- and enantioselectivity of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)-catalysed amination of a subset of cinnamate derivatives was investigated. This was done using a PAL from the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis and incubation in a concentrated ammonia buffer. Whilst early time point analyses revealed excellent selectivities to give mostly the well-documented (S)-α-amino acid products, subsequent accumulation of other regio-/stereo- isomers was seen. For many para-substituted substrates, the β-regioisomer, a previously-unreported product with this enzyme class, was found to become more abundant than the α-, after sufficient incubation, with slight preference for the (R)-enantiomer. Although attempts to tune the selectivity of the PAL toward any of the three side products were largely unsuccessful, the results provide insight into the evolutionary history of this class of enzymes and reinforce the prominence of the toolbox of specific and selective cinnamate-aminating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Syed T. Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
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30
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Hestericová M, Heinisch T, Alonso-Cotchico L, Maréchal JD, Vidossich P, Ward TR. Directed Evolution of an Artificial Imine Reductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hestericová
- Department Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Tillman Heinisch
- Department Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Lur Alonso-Cotchico
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Edifici C.n. 08193 Cerdonyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Edifici C.n. 08193 Cerdonyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Edifici C.n. 08193 Cerdonyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 Basel 4002 Switzerland
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31
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Hestericová M, Heinisch T, Alonso-Cotchico L, Maréchal JD, Vidossich P, Ward TR. Directed Evolution of an Artificial Imine Reductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1863-1868. [PMID: 29265726 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes, resulting from incorporation of a metal cofactor within a host protein, have received increasing attention in the last decade. The directed evolution is presented of an artificial transfer hydrogenase (ATHase) based on the biotin-streptavidin technology using a straightforward procedure allowing screening in cell-free extracts. Two streptavidin isoforms were yielded with improved catalytic activity and selectivity for the reduction of cyclic imines. The evolved ATHases were stable under biphasic catalytic conditions. The X-ray structure analysis reveals that introducing bulky residues within the active site results in flexibility changes of the cofactor, thus increasing exposure of the metal to the protein surface and leading to a reversal of enantioselectivity. This hypothesis was confirmed by a multiscale approach based mostly on molecular dynamics and protein-ligand dockings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hestericová
- Department Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Tillman Heinisch
- Department Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Lur Alonso-Cotchico
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C.n., 08193, Cerdonyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C.n., 08193, Cerdonyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C.n., 08193, Cerdonyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
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32
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Csuka P, Juhász V, Kohári S, Filip A, Varga A, Sátorhelyi P, Bencze LC, Barton H, Paizs C, Poppe L. Pseudomonas fluorescensStrain R124 Encodes Three Different MIO Enzymes. Chembiochem 2018; 19:411-418. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pál Csuka
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Vivien Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kohári
- Fermentia Microbiological Ltd; Berlini út 47-49 1049 Budapest Hungary
| | - Alina Filip
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Andrea Varga
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Péter Sátorhelyi
- Fermentia Microbiological Ltd; Berlini út 47-49 1049 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Csaba Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Hazel Barton
- Department of Biology; The University of Akron; ASEC West Tower 178 Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3 1111 Budapest Hungary
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- SynBiocat Ltd; Szilasliget u. 3 1172 Budapest Hungary
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33
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Roiban GD, Kern M, Liu Z, Hyslop J, Tey PL, Levine MS, Jordan LS, Brown KK, Hadi T, Ihnken LAF, Brown MJB. Efficient Biocatalytic Reductive Aminations by Extending the Imine Reductase Toolbox. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Doru Roiban
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Kern
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Julia Hyslop
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Pei Lyn Tey
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Levine
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Lydia S. Jordan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Molecular Design, Computational and Modeling Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline; 1250 S. Collegeville Road Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426 USA
| | - Timin Hadi
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Leigh Anne F. Ihnken
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Murray J. B. Brown
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Borlinghaus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Chair of Technical Biochemistry; University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bettina M. Nestl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Chair of Technical Biochemistry; University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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35
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Dreßen A, Hilberath T, Mackfeld U, Rudat J, Pohl M. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana ( At PAL2): A potent MIO-enzyme for the synthesis of non-canonical aromatic alpha-amino acids. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Wu S, Liu J, Li Z. Biocatalytic Formal Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination and Hydration of Aryl Alkenes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical
and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Chemical
and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical
and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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37
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Nagy B, Galla Z, Bencze LC, Toșa MI, Paizs C, Forró E, Fülöp F. Covalently Immobilized Lipases are Efficient Stereoselective Catalysts for the Kinetic Resolution of rac-(5-Phenylfuran-2-yl)-β-alanine Ethyl Ester Hydrochlorides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Botond Nagy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6701 Szeged Hungary
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Zsolt Galla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6701 Szeged Hungary
| | - László Csaba Bencze
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Monica Ioana Toșa
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre; Arany János str. 11 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6701 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6701 Szeged Hungary
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38
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Parmeggiani F, Weise NJ, Ahmed ST, Turner NJ. Synthetic and Therapeutic Applications of Ammonia-lyases and Aminomutases. Chem Rev 2017; 118:73-118. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parmeggiani
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Syed T. Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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39
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Dreßen A, Hilberath T, Mackfeld U, Billmeier A, Rudat J, Pohl M. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL2): A potent MIO-enzyme for the synthesis of non-canonical aromatic alpha-amino acids: Part I: Comparative characterization to the enzymes from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL1) and Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtPAL). J Biotechnol 2017; 258:148-157. [PMID: 28392421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL2) was comparatively characterized to the well-studied enzyme from parsley (PcPAL1) and Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtPAL) with respect to kinetic parameters for the deamination and the amination reaction, pH- and temperature optima and the substrate range of the amination reaction. Whereas both plant enzymes are specific for phenylalanine, the bifunctional enzyme from Rhodosporidium toruloides shows KM-values for L-Phe and L-Tyr in the same order of magnitude and, compared to both plant enzymes, a 10-15-fold higher activity. At 30°C all enzymes were sufficiently stable with half-lives of 3.4days (PcPAL1), 4.6days (AtPAL2) and 9.7days (RtPAL/TAL). Very good results for the amination of various trans-cinnamic acid derivatives were obtained using E. coli cells as whole cell biocatalysts in ammonium carbonate buffer. Investigation of the substrate ranges gave interesting results for the newly tested enzymes from A. thaliana and R. toruloides. Only the latter accepts besides 4-hydroxy-CA also 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-CA as a substrate, which is an interesting intermediate for the formation of pharmaceutically relevant L-Dopa. AtPAL2 is a very good catalyst for the formation of (S)-3-F-Phe, (S)-4-F-Phe and (S)-2-Cl-Phe. Such non-canonical amino acids are valuable building blocks for the formation of various drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Dreßen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hilberath
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Ursula Mackfeld
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Arne Billmeier
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jens Rudat
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section: Technical Biology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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40
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Bencze LC, Filip A, Bánóczi G, Toşa MI, Irimie FD, Gellért Á, Poppe L, Paizs C. Expanding the substrate scope of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Petroselinum crispum towards styrylalanines. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3717-3727. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The substrate scope of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL) towards the l-enantiomers of racemic styrylalanines rac-1a–d were extended by reshaping the aromatic binding pocket of the active site of PcPAL by point mutations of F137.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Csaba Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Alina Filip
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Gergely Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- H-1111 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Monica Ioana Toşa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Florin Dan Irimie
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Ákos Gellért
- Agricultural Institute
- Centre of Agricultural Research
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-2462 Martonvásár
- Hungary
| | - László Poppe
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
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41
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Telescopic one-pot condensation-hydroamination strategy for the synthesis of optically pure L-phenylalanines from benzaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Rowles I, Groenendaal B, Binay B, Malone KJ, Willies SC, Turner NJ. Engineering of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodotorula graminis for the enhanced synthesis of unnatural l-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Ahmed ST, Parmeggiani F, Weise NJ, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Ring-Substituted l-Pyridylalanines by Biocatalytic Hydroamination. Org Lett 2016; 18:5468-5471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed T. Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131
Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131
Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131
Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131
Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131
Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
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44
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Ren X, O’Hanlon JA, Morris M, Robertson J, Wong LL. Synthesis of Imidazolidin-4-ones via a Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A. O’Hanlon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Melloney Morris
- Syngenta
UK, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Luet Lok Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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45
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Gomm A, Lewis W, Green AP, O'Reilly E. A New Generation of Smart Amine Donors for Transaminase-Mediated Biotransformations. Chemistry 2016; 22:12692-5. [PMID: 27411957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The application of ω-transaminase biocatalysts for the synthesis of optically pure chiral amines presents a number of challenges, including difficulties associated with displacing the challenging reaction equilibria. Herein, we report a highly effective approach using low equivalents of the new diamine donor, cadaverine, which enables high conversions of challenging substrates to the corresponding chiral amines in excellent ee. This approach paves the way for the design of self-sufficient fermentation processes combining transaminase biotransformations with existing strategies for cadaverine production by decarboxylation of endogenous lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gomm
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony P Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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46
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Varga A, Bánóczi G, Nagy B, Bencze LC, Toşa MI, Gellért Á, Irimie FD, Rétey J, Poppe L, Paizs C. Influence of the aromatic moiety in α- and β-arylalanines on their biotransformation with phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase from Pantoea agglomerans. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02964g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study enantiomer selective isomerization of various racemic α- and β-arylalanines catalysed by phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase from Pantoea agglomerans (PaPAM) was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varga
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Gergely Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- H-1111 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Botond Nagy
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - László Csaba Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Monica Ioana Toşa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Ákos Gellért
- Agricultural Institute
- Centre of Agricultural Research
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-2462 Martonvásár
- Hungary
| | - Florin Dan Irimie
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - János Rétey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- D-76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- H-1111 Budapest
- Hungary
- SynBiocat Ltd
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group
- Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
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47
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Prier CK, Arnold FH. Chemomimetic biocatalysis: exploiting the synthetic potential of cofactor-dependent enzymes to create new catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13992-4006. [PMID: 26502343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the astonishing breadth of enzymes in nature, no enzymes are known for many of the valuable catalytic transformations discovered by chemists. Recent work in enzyme design and evolution, however, gives us good reason to think that this will change. We describe a chemomimetic biocatalysis approach that draws from small-molecule catalysis and synthetic chemistry, enzymology, and molecular evolution to discover or create enzymes with non-natural reactivities. We illustrate how cofactor-dependent enzymes can be exploited to promote reactions first established with related chemical catalysts. The cofactors can be biological, or they can be non-biological to further expand catalytic possibilities. The ability of enzymes to amplify and precisely control the reactivity of their cofactors together with the ability to optimize non-natural reactivity by directed evolution promises to yield exceptional catalysts for challenging transformations that have no biological counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Prier
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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48
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Weise NJ, Parmeggiani F, Ahmed ST, Turner NJ. The Bacterial Ammonia Lyase EncP: A Tunable Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12977-83. [PMID: 26390197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes of the class I lyase-like family catalyze the asymmetric addition of ammonia to arylacrylates, yielding high value amino acids as products. Recent examples include the use of phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs), either alone or as a gateway to deracemization cascades (giving (S)- or (R)-α-phenylalanine derivatives, respectively), and also eukaryotic phenylalanine aminomutases (PAMs) for the synthesis of the (R)-β-products. Herein, we present the investigation of another family member, EncP from Streptomyces maritimus, thereby expanding the biocatalytic toolbox and enabling the production of the missing (S)-β-isomer. EncP was found to convert a range of arylacrylates to a mixture of (S)-α- and (S)-β-arylalanines, with regioselectivity correlating to the strength of electron-withdrawing/-donating groups on the ring of each substrate. The low regioselectivity of the wild-type enzyme was addressed via structure-based rational design to generate three variants with altered preference for either α- or β-products. By examining various biocatalyst/substrate combinations, it was demonstrated that the amination pattern of the reaction could be tuned to achieve selectivities between 99:1 and 1:99 for β:α-product ratios as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Weise
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Syed T Ahmed
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
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49
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Ahmed ST, Parmeggiani F, Weise NJ, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Optically Pure l- and d-Biarylalanines through Biocatalytic Asymmetric Amination and Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed T. Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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50
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de Villiers J, de Villiers M, Geertsema EM, Raj H, Poelarends GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of ortho-, meta-, and para-Substituted Derivatives of l- threo-3-Benzyloxyaspartate, An Important Glutamate Transporter Blocker. ChemCatChem 2015; 7:1931-1934. [PMID: 26251674 PMCID: PMC4517298 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple, three-step chemoenzymatic synthesis of l-threo-3-benzyloxyaspartate (l-TBOA), as well as l-TBOA derivatives with F, CF3, and CH3 substituents at the aromatic ring, starting from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was investigated. These chiral amino acids, which are extremely difficult to prepare by chemical synthesis, form an important class of inhibitors of excitatory amino acid transporters involved in the regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, a new chemical procedure for the synthesis of racemic mixtures of TBOA and its derivatives was explored. These chemically prepared racemates are valuable reference compounds in chiral-phase HPLC to establish the enantiopurities of the corresponding chemoenzymatically prepared amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandré de Villiers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands )
| | - Marianne de Villiers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands )
| | - Edzard M Geertsema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands )
| | - Hans Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands ) ; Current address: Chr-Hansen A/S, Boge Alle 10-12 2970 Horsholm (Denmark)
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands )
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