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Wang T, Wang L, Li X, Hu X, Han Y, Luo Y, Wang Z, Li Q, Aldalbahi A, Wang L, Song S, Fan C, Zhao Y, Wang M, Chen N. Size-Dependent Regulation of Intracellular Trafficking of Polystyrene Nanoparticle-Based Drug-Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18619-18625. [PMID: 28497682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great promise as intracellular imaging probes or nanocarriers and are increasingly being used in biomedical applications. A detailed understanding of how NPs get "in and out" of cells is important for developing new nanomaterials with improved selectivity and less cytotoxicity. Both physical and chemical characteristics have been proven to regulate the cellular uptake of NPs. However, the exocytosis process and its regulation are less explored. Herein, we investigated the size-regulated endocytosis and exocytosis of carboxylated polystyrene (PS) NPs. PS NPs with a smaller size were endocytosed mainly through the clathrin-dependent pathway, whereas PS NPs with a larger size preferred caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, our results revealed exocytosis of larger PS NPs and tracked the dynamic process at the single-particle level. These results indicate that particle size is a key factor for the regulation of intracellular trafficking of NPs and provide new insight into the development of more effective cellular nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xingjie Hu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuping Han
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Chemistry Department, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
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Li WH. Probes for monitoring regulated exocytosis. Cell Calcium 2017; 64:65-71. [PMID: 28089267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process that serves diverse functions in neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology, and numerous other aspects of animal physiology. In response to environmental or biological cues, cells release contents of secretory granules into an extracellular medium to communicate with or impact neighboring or distant cells through paracrine or endocrine signaling. To investigate mechanisms governing stimulus-secretion coupling, to better understand how cells maintain or regulate their secretory activity, and to characterize secretion defects in human diseases, probes for tracking various exocytotic events at the cellular or sub-cellular level have been developed over the years. This review summarizes different strategies and recent progress in developing optical probes for monitoring regulated secretion in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
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Li D, Huang Z, Chen S, Hu Z, Li WH. GLP-1 Receptor Mediated Targeting of a Fluorescent Zn(2+) Sensor to Beta Cell Surface for Imaging Insulin/Zn(2+) Release. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1443-50. [PMID: 26121325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet beta cell plays an essential role in maintaining the normal blood glucose level by releasing insulin. Loss of functional beta cell mass leads to diabetes—a disease affecting ∼9% of the population worldwide. There has been great interest and intense effort in developing imaging probes for monitoring islet beta cells, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has emerged as a valuable biomarker for targeting beta cells. However, efforts thus far in GLP-1R mediated beta cell labeling and imaging has largely, if not exclusively, focused on developing imaging probes for monitoring beta cell mass, and few studies have investigated imaging beta cell function (insulin release) through GLP-1R. We now report the design and synthesis of a bioconjugate, ZIMIR-Ex4(9-39), that consists of a fluorescent Zn(2+) sensor and a truncated exendin 4 peptide for imaging insulin/Zn(2+) release in islet beta cells. In vitro, the conjugate bound to Zn(2+) with high affinity and displayed a robust fluorescence enhancement upon Zn(2+) chelation. When added to beta cells at submicromolar concentration, ZIMIR-Ex4(9-39) rapidly labeled cell surface in minutes to report the dynamics of insulin/Zn(2+) release with high spatiotemporal resolution. Future explorations of this approach may lead to probes for tracking beta cell function using different imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Li
- †Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, ‡Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - ZhiJiang Huang
- †Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, ‡Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- †Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, ‡Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Zeping Hu
- †Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, ‡Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Wen-hong Li
- †Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, ‡Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
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Klockow JL, Hettie KS, Secor KE, Barman DN, Glass TE. Tunable Molecular Logic Gates Designed for Imaging Released Neurotransmitters. Chemistry 2015; 21:11446-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Klockow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave. Columbia, MO 65211 (USA)
| | - Kenneth S. Hettie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave. Columbia, MO 65211 (USA)
| | - Kristen E. Secor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave. Columbia, MO 65211 (USA)
| | - Dipti N. Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave. Columbia, MO 65211 (USA)
| | - Timothy E. Glass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave. Columbia, MO 65211 (USA)
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Li D, Liu L, Li WH. Genetic targeting of a small fluorescent zinc indicator to cell surface for monitoring zinc secretion. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1054-63. [PMID: 25572404 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mammalian cells contain Zn2+ in their secretory granules. During secretion, Zn2+ is coreleased with granular cargos into extracellular medium so Zn2+ serves as a convenient surrogate marker for tracking the dynamics of secretion. Fluorescent Zn2+ sensors that can be selectively targeted to cells of interest would be invaluable tools for imaging Zn2+ release in multicellular systems including tissues and live animals. Exploiting the HaloTag labeling technology and using an optimized linker, we have engineered a fluorescent Zn2+ indicator that displayed a 15-fold fluorescence enhancement upon Zn2+ binding while reacting efficiently with a HaloTag enzyme in a cellular environment. Two-color imaging of ZIMIR-HaloTag and a red-emitting calcium indicator in pancreatic islet beta cells demonstrated that photoactivation of a channelrhodopsin was able to induce exocytosis of Zn2+/insulin granules and revealed heterogeneity in secretory activity along the cell membrane that was uncoupled from cellular Ca2+ activity. This integrated photonic approach for imaging and controlling the release of large dense core granules provides exquisite cellular selectivity and should facilitate future studies of stimulus-secretion coupling and paracrine signaling in secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Li
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
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