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Xue C, Xu K, Jin Y, Bian C, Sun S. Transcriptome Analysis to Study the Molecular Response in the Gill and Hepatopancreas Tissues of Macrobrachium nipponense to Salinity Acclimation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:926885. [PMID: 35694393 PMCID: PMC9176394 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.926885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important prawn species and common in Chinese inland capture fisheries. During aquaculture, M. nipponense can survive under freshwater and low salinity conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying the response to salinity acclimation remains unclear in this species; thus, in this study, we used the Illumina RNA sequencing platform for transcriptome analyses of the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense exposed to salinity stress [0.4‰ (S0, control group), 6‰ (S6, low salinity group), and 12‰ (S12, high salinity group)]. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and several important salinity adaptation-related terms and signaling pathways were found to be enriched, such as “ion transport,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” and “glycometabolism.” Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated the participation of 12 key genes in osmotic pressure regulation in M. nipponense under acute salinity stress. Further, the role of carbonic anhydrase in response to salinity acclimation was investigated by subjecting the gill tissues of M. nipponense to in situ hybridization. Collectively, the results reported herein enhance our understanding of the mechanisms via which M. nipponense adapts to changes in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengming Sun,
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Maraschi AC, Faria SC, McNamara JC. Salt transport by the gill Na -K -2Cl symporter in palaemonid shrimps: exploring physiological, molecular and evolutionary landscapes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Havird JC, Meyer E, Fujita Y, Vaught RC, Henry RP, Santos SR. Disparate responses to salinity across species and organizational levels in anchialine shrimps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.211920. [PMID: 31727759 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.211920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally induced plasticity in gene expression is one of the underlying mechanisms of adaptation to habitats with variable environments. For example, euryhaline crustaceans show predictable changes in the expression of ion-transporter genes during salinity transfers, although studies have typically been limited to specific genes, taxa and ecosystems of interest. Here, we investigated responses to salinity change at multiple organizational levels in five species of shrimp representing at least three independent invasions of the anchialine ecosystem, defined as habitats with marine and freshwater influences with spatial and temporal fluctuations in salinity. Although all five species were generally strong osmoregulators, salinity-induced changes in gill physiology and gene expression were highly species specific. While some species exhibited patterns similar to those of previously studied euryhaline crustaceans, instances of distinct and atypical patterns were recovered from closely related species. Species-specific patterns were found when examining: (1) numbers and identities of differentially expressed genes, (2) salinity-induced expression of genes predicted a priori to play a role in osmoregulation, and (3) salinity-induced expression of orthologs shared among all species. Notably, ion transport genes were unchanged in the atyid Halocaridina rubra while genes normally associated with vision and light perception were among those most highly upregulated. Potential reasons for species-specific patterns are discussed, including variation among anchialine habitats in salinity regimes and divergent evolution in anchialine taxa. Underexplored mechanisms of osmoregulation in crustaceans revealed here by the application of transcriptomic approaches to ecologically and taxonomically understudied systems are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA .,Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eli Meyer
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3106 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Fujita
- Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts, 1-4, Shuri-Tonokura, Naha-shi, Okinawa 903-8602, Japan
| | - Rebecca C Vaught
- Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Raymond P Henry
- Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Scott R Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Ali MY, Pavasovic A, Mather PB, Prentis PJ. Expression patterns of two carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase, in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, exposed to low pH and high pH. AUST J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/zo16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (HAT) play vital roles in osmoregulation and pH balance in decapod crustaceans. As variable pH levels have a significant impact on the physiology of crustaceans, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which an animal maintains its internal pH. We examined expression patterns of cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, at three pH levels – 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 – over 24 h. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer. Expression increased at low pH after 12 h, and reached its maximum level by 24 h. CAg showed a significant increase in expression at 6 h after transfer at low pH. Expression of NKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated for up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h after transfer to low pH and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. Overall, CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish.
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Havird JC, Mitchell RT, Henry RP, Santos SR. Salinity-induced changes in gene expression from anterior and posterior gills of Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea: Portunidae) with implications for crustacean ecological genomics. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:34-44. [PMID: 27337176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decapods represent one of the most ecologically diverse taxonomic groups within crustaceans, making them ideal to study physiological processes like osmoregulation. However, prior studies have failed to consider the entire transcriptomic response of the gill - the primary organ responsible for ion transport - to changing salinity. Moreover, the molecular genetic differences between non-osmoregulatory and osmoregulatory gill types, as well as the hormonal basis of osmoregulation, remain underexplored. Here, we identified and characterized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via RNA-Seq in anterior (non-osmoregulatory) and posterior (osmoregulatory) gills during high to low salinity transfer in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, a well-studied model for crustacean osmoregulation. Overall, we confirmed previous expression patterns for individual ion transport genes and identified novel ones with salinity-mediated expression. Notable, novel DEGs among salinities and gill types for C. sapidus included anterior gills having higher expression of structural genes such as actin and cuticle proteins while posterior gills exhibit elevated expression of ion transport and energy-related genes, with the latter likely linked to ion transport. Potential targets among recovered DEGs for hormonal regulation of ion transport between salinities and gill types included neuropeptide Y and a KCTD16-like protein. Using publically available sequence data, constituents for a "core" gill transcriptome among decapods are presented, comprising genes involved in ion transport and energy conversion and consistent with salinity transfer experiments. Lastly, rarefication analyses lead us to recommend a modest number of sequence reads (~10-15M), but with increased biological replication, be utilized in future DEG analyses of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg., Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Dept. of Biology, Colorado State University, Room E106 Anatomy/Zoology Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Reed T Mitchell
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg., Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
| | - Raymond P Henry
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg., Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Scott R Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg., Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two carbonic anhydrase in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and its expression in response to salinity and pH stress. Gene 2015; 576:347-57. [PMID: 26526129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in ion transport, acid-base balance and pH regulation by catalyzing the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-). In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of two CA isoforms were identified from Portunus trituberculatus. One was Portunus trituberculatus cytoplasmic carbonic anydrase (PtCAc) and the other one was Portunus trituberculatus glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked carbonic anhydrase (PtCAg). The sequence of PtCAc was formed by an ORF of 816 bp, encoding a protein of 30.18 kDa. The PtCAg was constituted by an ORF of 927 bp, encoding a protein of 34.09 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two CA isoforms were compared to other crustacean' CA sequences. Both of them reflected high conservation of the residues and domains essential to the function of the two enzymes. The tissue expression analysis of PtCAc and PtCAg were detected in gill, muscle, hepatopancreas, hemocytes and gonad. PtCAc and PtCAg gene expressions were studied under salinity and pH challenge. The results showed that when salinity decreased (30 to 20 ppt), the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 24 and 48 h, and the highest value appeared at 24h. The mRNA expression of PtCAg had the same situation with PtCAc. However, when salinity increased (30 to 35 ppt), only the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 48 h. When pH changed, only the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 12h, which was under low pH situation. The mRNA expression of PtCAg increased significantly at 12-48 h, and there was no significant difference of the expression between the pH challenged group and the control group in other experimental time. The results provided the base of understanding CA' function and the underlying mechanism in response to environmental changes in crustaceans.
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Maraschi AC, Freire CA, Prodocimo V. Immunocytochemical localization of V-H+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and carbonic anhydrase in gill lamellae of adult freshwater euryhaline shrimpMacrobrachium acanthurus(Decapoda, Palaemonidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:414-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anieli Cristina Maraschi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Carolina Arruda Freire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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Esbaugh AJ, Secor SM, Grosell M. Characterization of carbonic anhydrase XIII in the erythrocytes of the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 187:71-7. [PMID: 26005204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most abundant proteins found in vertebrate erythrocytes with the majority of species expressing a low activity CA I and high activity CA II. However, several phylogenetic gaps remain in our understanding of the expansion of cytoplasmic CA in vertebrate erythrocytes. In particular, very little is known about isoforms from reptiles. The current study sought to characterize the erythrocyte isoforms from two squamate species, Python molurus and Nerodia rhombifer, which was combined with information from recent genome projects to address this important phylogenetic gap. Obtained sequences grouped closely with CA XIII in phylogenetic analyses. CA II mRNA transcripts were also found in erythrocytes, but found at less than half the levels of CA XIII. Structural analysis suggested similar biochemical activity as the respective mammalian isoforms, with CA XIII being a low activity isoform. Biochemical characterization verified that the majority of CA activity in the erythrocytes was due to a high activity CA II-like isoform; however, titration with copper supported the presence of two CA pools. The CA II-like pool accounted for 90 % of the total activity. To assess potential disparate roles of these isoforms a feeding stress was used to up-regulate CO2 excretion pathways. Significant up-regulation of CA II and the anion exchanger was observed; CA XIII was strongly down-regulated. While these results do not provide insight into the role of CA XIII in the erythrocytes, they do suggest that the presence of two isoforms is not simply a case of physiological redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78418, USA.
| | - S M Secor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - M Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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Mitchell RT, Henry RP. Functional characterization of neuroendocrine regulation of branchial carbonic anhydrase induction in the euryhaline crab Callinectes sapidus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2014; 227:285-299. [PMID: 25572216 DOI: 10.1086/bblv227n3p285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an essential role as a provider of counterions for Na(+)/H(+) and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange in branchial ionic uptake processes in euryhaline crustaceans. CA activity and gene expression are low in crabs acclimated to full-strength seawater, with transfer to low salinity resulting in large-scale inductions of mRNA and subsequent enzyme activity in the posterior ion-regulating gills (e.g., G7). In the green crab Carcinus maenas, CA has been shown to be under inhibitory neuroendocrine control by a putative hormone in the x-organ-sinus gland complex (XOSG), located in the eyestalk. This study characterizes the neuroendocrine regulation of CA induction in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, a commonly used experimental organism for crustacean osmoregulation. In crabs acclimated to full-strength seawater, eyestalk ligation (ESL) triggered a 1.8- and 100-fold increase in CA activity and mRNA, respectively. Re-injection with eyestalk homogenates abolished increases in CA activity and fractionally reduced CA gene expression. ESL also enhanced CA induction by 33% after 96 h in crabs transferred to 15 ppt salinity. Injection of eyestalk homogenates into intact crabs transferred from 35 to 15 ppt diminished by 43% the CA induction stimulated by low salinity. These results point to the presence of a repressor hormone in the eyestalk. Separate injections of medullary tissue (MT) and sinus gland (SG), two components of the eyestalk, reduced salinity-stimulated CA activity by 22% and 49%, suggesting that the putative repressor is localized to the SG. Crabs injected with SG extract harvested from crabs acclimated to 5 ppt showed no decrease in CA activity, demonstrating that the hormone is down-regulated at low salinity. Our results show the presence in the XOSG of an inhibitory compound that regulates salinity-stimulated CA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed T Mitchell
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36840
| | - Raymond P Henry
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36840
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