1
|
Allen GJP, Sachs M, Nash MT, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Klymasz-Swartz A, Weihrauch D. Identification of different physiological functions within the gills and epipodites of the American lobster: Differences in metabolism, transbranchial transport, and mRNA expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111344. [PMID: 36379379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transbranchial transport processes are responsible for the homeostatic regulation of most essential physiological functions in aquatic crustaceans. Due to their widespread use as laboratory models, brachyuran crabs are commonly used to predict how other decapod crustaceans respond to environmental stressors including ocean acidification and warming waters. Non-brachyuran species such as the economically-valuable American lobster, Homarus americanus, possess trichobranchiate gills and epipodites that are known to be anatomically distinct from the phyllobranchiate gills of brachyurans; however, studies have yet to define their potential physiological differences. Our results indicate that the pleuro-, arthro-, and podobranch gills of the lobster are functionally homogenous and similar to the respiratory gills of brachyurans as indicated by equivalent rates of H+Eq., CO2, HCO3-, and ammonia transport and mRNA expression of related transporters and enzymes. The epipodites were found to be functionally distinct, being capable of greater individual rates of H+Eq., CO2, and ammonia transport despite mRNA transcript levels of related transporters and enzymes being only a fraction found in the gills. Collectively, mathematical estimates infer that the gills are responsible for 91% of the lobster's branchial HCO3- accumulation whereas the epipodites are responsible for 66% of branchial ammonia excretion suggesting different mechanisms exist in these tissues. Furthermore, the greater metabolic rate and amino acid catabolism in the epipodites suggest that the tissue much of the CO2 and ammonia excreted by this tissue originates intracellularly rather than systemically. These results provide evidence that non-brachyuran species must be carefully compared to brachyuran models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sachs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mikyla Tara Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Klymasz-Swartz
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montgomery DW, Kwan GT, Davison WG, Finlay J, Berry A, Simpson SD, Engelhard GH, Birchenough SNR, Tresguerres M, Wilson RW. Rapid blood acid-base regulation by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in response to sudden exposure to high environmental CO2. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274118. [PMID: 35005768 PMCID: PMC8917447 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish in coastal ecosystems can be exposed to acute variations in CO2 of between 0.2 and 1 kPa CO2 (2000–10,000 µatm). Coping with this environmental challenge will depend on the ability to rapidly compensate for the internal acid–base disturbance caused by sudden exposure to high environmental CO2 (blood and tissue acidosis); however, studies about the speed of acid–base regulatory responses in marine fish are scarce. We observed that upon sudden exposure to ∼1 kPa CO2, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) completely regulate erythrocyte intracellular pH within ∼40 min, thus restoring haemoglobin–O2 affinity to pre-exposure levels. Moreover, blood pH returned to normal levels within ∼2 h, which is one of the fastest acid–base recoveries documented in any fish. This was achieved via a large upregulation of net acid excretion and accumulation of HCO3− in blood, which increased from ∼4 to ∼22 mmol l−1. While the abundance and intracellular localisation of gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) remained unchanged, the apical surface area of acid-excreting gill ionocytes doubled. This constitutes a novel mechanism for rapidly increasing acid excretion during sudden blood acidosis. Rapid acid–base regulation was completely prevented when the same high CO2 exposure occurred in seawater with experimentally reduced HCO3− and pH, probably because reduced environmental pH inhibited gill H+ excretion via NHE3. The rapid and robust acid–base regulatory responses identified will enable European sea bass to maintain physiological performance during large and sudden CO2 fluctuations that naturally occur in coastal environments. Summary: European sea bass exposed to 1 kPa (10,000 µatm) CO2 regulate blood and red cell pH within 2 h and 40 min, respectively, protecting O2 transport capacity, via enhanced gill acid excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Garfield T Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Finlay
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Alex Berry
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Georg H Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Silvana N R Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li K, Zhao S, Guan W, Li KJ. Planktonic bacteria in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and channel catfish (Letalurus punetaus) aquaculture ponds in a salt-alkaline region. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:212-219. [PMID: 34778977 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture in salt-alkaline regions is encouraged in China, and culture of many aquatic species has been introduced into these areas. In this study, we cultured two species, white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and channel catfish (Letalurus punetaus) separately in aquaculture ponds in a salt-alkaline region in northwest China and assessed the impacts of the aquaculture operations on the planktonic bacterial community in the culture ponds. Culture of both species decreased the planktonic bacterial diversity and altered the bacterial community structure in the aquaculture ponds compared with the source water. Among the 10 dominant bacterial phyla, 8 were significantly correlated with environmental parameters; the exception was Actinobacteriota, the most dominant phylum, and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota abundances showed significant positive correlations with alkalinity, whereas Patescibacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Verrucomicrobiota abundance were positively correlated with salinity. Linear regression analysis showed that alkalinity was positively correlated with bacterial beta diversity and salinity was negatively correlated with that. In addition, white shrimp aquaculture significantly lowered the alkalinity, which suggests that culture of this species in inland salt-alkaline regions is a potential dealkalization solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Guan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - K J Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Ding J, Qin W. Current pulse based ion-selective electrodes for chronopotentiometric determination of calcium in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
5
|
Ellis RP, Urbina MA, Wilson RW. Lessons from two high CO 2 worlds - future oceans and intensive aquaculture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2141-2148. [PMID: 27762490 PMCID: PMC5434897 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exponentially rising CO2 (currently ~400 μatm) is driving climate change and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. Physiologists have long known that CO2 directly affects acid-base and ion regulation, respiratory function and aerobic performance in aquatic animals. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that elevated CO2 projected for end of this century (e.g. 800-1000 μatm) can also impact physiology, and have substantial effects on behaviours linked to sensory stimuli (smell, hearing and vision) both having negative implications for fitness and survival. In contrast, the aquaculture industry was farming aquatic animals at CO2 levels that far exceed end-of-century climate change projections (sometimes >10 000 μatm) long before the term 'ocean acidification' was coined, with limited detrimental effects reported. It is therefore vital to understand the reasons behind this apparent discrepancy. Potential explanations include 1) the use of 'control' CO2 levels in aquaculture studies that go beyond 2100 projections in an ocean acidification context; 2) the relatively benign environment in aquaculture (abundant food, disease protection, absence of predators) compared to the wild; 3) aquaculture species having been chosen due to their natural tolerance to the intensive conditions, including CO2 levels; or 4) the breeding of species within intensive aquaculture having further selected traits that confer tolerance to elevated CO2 . We highlight this issue and outline the insights that climate change and aquaculture science can offer for both marine and freshwater settings. Integrating these two fields will stimulate discussion on the direction of future cross-disciplinary research. In doing so, this article aimed to optimize future research efforts and elucidate effective mitigation strategies for managing the negative impacts of elevated CO2 on future aquatic ecosystems and the sustainability of fish and shellfish aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Ellis
- BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope BuildingStocker RoadEX4 4QDExeterUK
| | - Mauricio A. Urbina
- BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope BuildingStocker RoadEX4 4QDExeterUK
- Departamento de ZoologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160‐CConcepción4070386Chile
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope BuildingStocker RoadEX4 4QDExeterUK
| |
Collapse
|