1
|
Xie RL, Liang R, Luo YY, Ruan ZH, Li YF, Liu WS. Growth Axis Somatostatin, Growth Hormone Receptor, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Genes Express and Are Affected by the Injection of Exogenous Growth Hormone in Chinemys reevesii. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2032. [PMID: 38002975 PMCID: PMC10671357 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, to explore the effect of growth hormone changes on the related genes and regulatory roles of the turtle, PCR amplification, real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis, and enzyme cutting technology were used to clone and sequence the somatostatin (SS) gene, growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) sequence of Chinemys reevesii. The effects of human growth hormone on the mRNA expression of growth-axis-related genes SS, GHR, and IGF-1 in different sexes were observed. The study of the SS gene in turtles using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the SS gene was mainly expressed in the nervous system and the digestive system, with the highest expression found in the brain, while the GHR gene and the IGF-I gene were expressed in all tissues of Chinemys reevesii. The SS gene was expressed in the brain, pituitary, liver, stomach, and intestine, with the highest expression in the brain and the lowest expression in the liver. Within 4 weeks of the injection of exogenous growth hormone, the expression level of the SS gene in the brain of both sexes first increased and then decreased, showing a parabolic trend, and the expression level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. After the injection of growth hormone (GH), the expression of the GHR gene in the liver of both sexes showed a significant increase in the first week, decreasing to the control group level in the second week, and then gradually increasing. Finally, a significant level of difference in the expression of the GHR gene was reached at 3 and 4 weeks. In terms of the IGF-I gene, the changing trend of the expression level in the liver was the same as that of the GHR gene. After the injection of exogenous growth hormone, although the expression of the SS gene increased the inhibition of the secretion of the GHR gene by the Reeves' turtle, exogenous growth hormone could replace the synthesis of GH and GHR, accelerating the growth of the turtle. The experiments showed that the injection of recombinant human growth hormone affects the expression of SS, GHR, and IGF-1 genes, and promotes the growth of the Reeves' turtle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.-L.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Rui Liang
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Science, Foshan 528251, China;
| | - Yuan-Yuan Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.-L.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Zhuo-Hao Ruan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China;
| | - Yi-Fu Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.-L.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.-L.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Lian A, Xu Y, Jiang Q. Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Glucagon-Induced Somatolactin Secretion and Gene Expression in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Pituitary Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:629077. [PMID: 33613457 PMCID: PMC7890253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.629077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon (GCG) plays a stimulatory role in pituitary hormone regulation, although previous studies have not defined the molecular mechanism whereby GCG affects pituitary hormone secretion. To this end, we identified two distinct proglucagons, Gcga and Gcgb, as well as GCG receptors, Gcgra and Gcgrb, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using the cAMP response element (CRE)-luciferase reporter system, tilapia GCGa and GCGb could reciprocally activate the two GCG receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that differential expression of the Gcga and Gcgb and their cognate receptors Gcgra and Gcgrb was found in the various tissues of tilapia. In particular, the Gcgrb is abundantly expressed in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary gland. In primary cultures of tilapia NIL cells, GCGb effectively stimulated SL release, with parallel rises in the mRNA levels, and co-incubation with the GCG antagonist prevented GCGb-stimulated SL release. In parallel experiments, GCGb treatment dose-dependently enhanced intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation with increasing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) concentration and the resulting in transient increases of Ca2+ signals in the primary NIL cell culture. Using selective pharmacological approaches, the adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C (PLC)/IP3/Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)/CaMK-II pathways were shown to be involved in GCGb-induced SL release and mRNA expression. Together, these results provide evidence for the first time that GCGb can act at the pituitary level to stimulate SL release and gene expression via GCGRb through the activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA and PLC/IP3/Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II cascades.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Lian A, Xu Y. Irisin stimulates gonadotropins gene expression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pituitary cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
4
|
Subramani R, Nandy SB, Pedroza DA, Lakshmanaswamy R. Role of Growth Hormone in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1543-1555. [PMID: 28379395 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women. Approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers diagnosed are classified as hormone dependent, which indicates that hormones are the key factors that drive the growth of these breast cancers. Ovarian and pituitary hormones play a major role in the growth and development of normal mammary glands and breast cancer. In particular, the effect of the ovarian hormone estrogen has received much attention in regard to breast cancer. Pituitary hormones prolactin and growth hormone have also been associated with breast cancer. Although the role of these pituitary hormones in breast cancers has been studied, it has not been investigated extensively. In this review, we attempt to compile basic information from most of the currently available literature to understand and demonstrate the significance of growth hormone in breast cancer. Based on the available literature, it is clear that growth hormone plays a significant role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer by influencing tumor angiogenesis, stemness, and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Sushmita B Nandy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mittal R, Debs LH, Patel AP, Nguyen D, Patel K, O'Connor G, Grati M, Mittal J, Yan D, Eshraghi AA, Deo SK, Daunert S, Liu XZ. Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut-Brain Axis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2359-2372. [PMID: 27512962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, including catecholamines and serotonin, play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Studies on these neurotransmitters mainly revolved around their role in the "fight or flight" response, transmitting signals across a chemical synapse and modulating blood flow throughout the body. However, recent research has demonstrated that neurotransmitters can play a significant role in the gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and serotonin have recently been a topic of interest because of their roles in the gut physiology and their potential roles in GI and central nervous system pathophysiology. These neurotransmitters are able to regulate and control not only blood flow, but also affect gut motility, nutrient absorption, GI innate immune system, and the microbiome. Furthermore, in pathological states, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease, the levels of these neurotransmitters are dysregulated, therefore causing a variety of GI symptoms. Research in this field has shown that exogenous manipulation of catecholamine serum concentrations can help in decreasing symptomology and/or disease progression. In this review article, we discuss the current state-of-the-art research and literature regarding the role of neurotransmitters in regulation of normal GI physiology, their impact on several disease processes, and novel work focused on the use of exogenous hormones and/or psychotropic medications to improve disease symptomology. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2359-2372, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Luca H Debs
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Amit P Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lian A, Li X, Jiang Q. Irisin inhibition of growth hormone secretion in cultured tilapia pituitary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:395-406. [PMID: 27693813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, the product of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene, is well-documented to be a regulator of energy metabolism. At present, not much is known about its biological function in non-mammalian species. In this study, a full-length tilapia FDNC5 was cloned and its tissue expression pattern has been confirmed. Based on the sequence obtained, we produced and purified recombinant irisin which could induce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene expression in tilapia hepatocytes. Further, the rabbit polyclonal irisin antiserum was produced and its specificity was confirmed by antiserum preabsorption. In tilapia pituitary cells, irisin inhibited growth hormone (GH) gene expression and secretion and triggered rapid phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, irisin-inhibited GH mRNA expression could be prevented by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, MEK1/2, and p38 MAPK, respectively. Apparently, fish irisin can act directly at the pituitary level to inhibit GH transcript expression via multiple signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anji Lian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|