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Nowakowski K, Sługocki Ł. Contrasting responses of Thermocyclops crassus and T. oithonoides (Crustacea, Copepoda) to thermal stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7660. [PMID: 38561430 PMCID: PMC10984995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal tolerance is a critical factor influencing the survival of living organisms. This study focuses on the thermal resistance of copepod species, Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853) and T. oithonoides (Sars G.O., 1863), with overlapping distribution ranges in Europe. Short-term heat shock experiments were conducted to assess the thermal resistance of these copepods, considering various temperature increments and exposure durations. Additionally, the study explored the influence of heat shock on egg sac shedding, a vital indicator of population dynamics. Results indicate that widely distributed T. crassus exhibits higher thermal tolerance compared to narrowly distributed T. oithonoides, with survival rates varying under different heat shock conditions. Furthermore, T. crassus demonstrated a quicker response in dropping egg sacs in response to thermal stress, suggesting a potential adaptive mechanism for the survival of adults. However, rapid egg sac droppings pose high risks for eggs facing unfavorable conditions. T. crassus, inhabiting environments with greater temperature fluctuations such as the littoral and pelagial zones, exhibited better survival mechanisms compared to T. oithonoides, which predominantly resides in the pelagic zone. The findings have implications for understanding copepod responses to global warming and thermal pollution. This research contributes insights into the adaptive strategies of thermophilic copepod species and their ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nowakowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sługocki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715, Szczecin, Poland.
- Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715, Szczecin, Poland.
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2
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Ashlock L, Darwin C, Crooker J, deMayo J, Dam HG, Pespeni M. Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an estuarine copepod. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10995. [PMID: 38380068 PMCID: PMC10877657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short-term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short- or long-term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here, we characterized the response of the near-shore and estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation-old temperature-adapted lines: ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight the critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ashlock
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Chelsea Darwin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Jessica Crooker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - James deMayo
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Hans G. Dam
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Melissa Pespeni
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
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3
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Sasaki M, Woods C, Dam HG. Parasitism does not reduce thermal limits in the intermediate host of a bopyrid isopod. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103712. [PMID: 37714113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasitism has strong effects on community dynamics. Given the detrimental effects parasites have on host health, infection or infestation might be expected to reduce upper thermal limits, increasing the vulnerability of host species to future climate change. Copepods are integral components of aquatic food webs and biogeochemical cycles. They also serve as intermediate hosts in the life cycle of parasitic isopods in the family Bopyridae. As both copepods and isopod parasites play important roles in aquatic communities, it is important to understand how the interaction between parasite and host affects thermal limits in order to better predict how community dynamics may change in a warming climate. Here we examined the effect of infestation by larvae of a bopyrid isopod on the cosmopolitan copepod Acartia tonsa to test the hypothesis that infestation reduces thermal limits. To aid with this work, we developed an affordable, highly portable system for measuring critical thermal maxima of small ectotherms. We also used meta-analysis to summarize the effects of parasitism on critical thermal maxima in a wider range of taxa to help contextualize our findings. Contrary to both our hypothesis and the results of previous studies, we observed no reduction of thermal limits by parasitism in A. tonsa. These results suggest that life history of the host and parasite may interact to determine how parasite infestation affects environmental sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sasaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Charles Woods
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
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Li AJ, Lai RWS, Zhou GJ, Leung PTY, Zeng EY, Leung KMY. Joint effects of temperature and copper exposure on developmental and gene-expression responses of the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:336-343. [PMID: 36964297 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing contamination of copper (Cu) in the marine environment, particularly after the ban of organotin compounds and the increase of the use of Cu-based antifouling paints. Although there are increasing research interests in temperature-dependent chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms, most existing studies focused on acute impacts of chemicals at high concentrations. This study aimed to investigate the interacting effect of temperature and copper exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on survival and development in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus with a partial life-cycle toxicity test. Expressions of five stress response genes in the copepod, namely two glutathione S-transferases (GST-S and GST-O), two heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and glutathione reductase (GR) were also investigated. The copepod's survival was significantly impaired at 15 °C after development to adult stage, while its developmental time reduced significantly with increasing temperature. Copper at the two environmentally relevant test concentrations had no significant impacts on these apical endpoints whereas the interaction between Cu and temperature was more significant in modulating gene expressions. GST-S, GST-O and HSP90 genes in copepods exposed to 100 µg Cu L-1 were significantly upregulated at 20 °C. At 32 °C, most genes were either insignificantly expressed or down-regulated, compared to the control, likely suggesting that thermal stress inhibited the copepod's antioxidative defense system. Overall, the results revealed that the joint Cu and thermal stresses have significantly elicited antioxidative system in the copepods. It clearly demonstrated the need for more fundamental studies about potential impacts of different environmental factors such as temperature on chemical toxicity under realistic scenario of marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Racliffe Weng Seng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Priscilla To Yan Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Tartarotti B, Sommaruga R, Saul N. Phenotypic and molecular responses of copepods to UV radiation stress in a clear versus a glacially turbid lake. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 2022; 67:1456-1467. [PMID: 36249915 PMCID: PMC9543624 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton are exposed to multiple environmental stressors in alpine lakes. However, phenotypic and molecular responses of copepods to different environmental conditions, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), are still not fully understood. Here, we tested whether gene expression patterns vary within the same species, Cyclops abyssorum tatricus, but in populations from different environments (a clear vs. a glacially turbid lake) when exposed to UVR. Moreover, we wanted to examine potential seasonal variation (summer vs. autumn) in copepod gene expression.We measured photoprotective compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids and carotenoids) and antioxidant capacities in two copepod populations and studied gene expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) as indicator of stress after UVR exposure in the laboratory.Compared with the copepod population from the clear lake, the population from the turbid lake showed lower mycosporine-like amino acid, but higher carotenoid concentrations that decreased over the season. Antioxidant capacities (both lipophilic and hydrophilic) were higher in autumn than in summer. The hsp60 and hsp90 genes were constitutively expressed, regardless of habitat origin and season, while hsp70 was upregulated after exposure to UVR (up to 2.8-fold change). We observed stronger upregulation of hsp70 gene expression in autumn for the turbid and summer for the clear lake, with highest gene expression 24 hr post-UVR exposure (up to 10.2-fold change in the turbid and 3.9-fold in the clear lake).We show how variation in phenotypic traits modulates hsp gene expression patterns, specifically hsp70 gene expression. Rapidly induced defences against cellular stress may improve survival in harsh environments such as alpine lakes, especially since these sensitive ecosystems may experience further changes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tartarotti
- Lake and Glacier Research GroupDepartment of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Research GroupDepartment of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics GroupInstitute of BiologyHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
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Nowakowski K, Sługocki Ł. Short-term heat shock perturbation affects populations of Daphnia magna and Eurytemora carolleeae: a warning to the water thermal pollution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16909. [PMID: 34413446 PMCID: PMC8377013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal pollution leads to short-term heat shock in aquatic invertebrates; however, the modulation of tolerance and life history of these invertebrates by thermal stress varies among regions, phenology, species, and their acclimation. To assess the effect of thermal shock, we conducted experiments on Daphnia magna and Eurytemora carolleeae at 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C (in relation to 20 °C) in a different exposure time of the stressor (10, 30, and 60 min). The results showed that short-term heat shock leads to increased mortality and reduced fertility of the studied planktonic crustaceans. D. magna was more resistant to thermal shock than E. carolleeae according to all variants of exposure based on the calculated LT50 values for 24, 48, and 72 h. Thermal shock decreased the potential of the Daphnia population in terms of the total number of births, however, with regard to individual reproductive abilities, the non-lethal heat shock did not reduce the birth rate. Although Eurytemora is more sensitive to thermal shock than Daphnia, the type of parental care in Eurytemora might be more favorable for offspring survival following thermal shock than in Daphnia. In Eurytemora, despite maternal deaths, a relatively high number of newborns who survived high temperatures were observed. The obtained results can help to understand the ecological processes occurring due to anthropogenic thermal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nowakowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sługocki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712, Szczecin, Poland. .,Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715, Szczecin, Poland.
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Tarrant AM, Nilsson B, Hansen BW. Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:230-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Present and future invasion perspectives of an alien shrimp in South Atlantic coastal waters: an experimental assessment of functional biomarkers and thermal tolerance. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li R, Bai S, Yang D, Dong C. A crayfish Ras gene is involved in the defense against bacterial infection under high temperature. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:608-617. [PMID: 30502469 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing crustacean resistance to pathogen infection. However, the mechanism underlying immune regulation by temperature remains unclear in crustacean. Here, we report a Ras gene of crayfish (designated as PcRAS1) which is involved in immune regulation of crayfish under high temperature. PcRAS1 is induced by both high temperature and bacterial infection and the induction by bacterial infection is associated with temperature. Significant changes of PcRAS1 expression was observed at 32 °C and 24 °C after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, but relative moderate alternation was found at 16 °C after challenged with A. hydrophila. PcRAS1 silencing significantly reduced crayfish survival from high temperature (32 °C and 24 °C) or bacterial infection at 32 °C, but there was no significant effect on survival from bacterial infection at 24 °C or 16 °C. Further analysis reveals that PO activity is reduced by high temperature or enhanced by bacterial infection. Moreover, both the decreased PO activity and the enhanced PO activity are affected by PcRAS1 expression. PcRAS1 silencing further reduces PO activity under high temperature and compromises the enhanced PO activity by bacterial infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are also involved in the responses to high temperature. LPO is enhanced by lower temperature. TAC is reduced by high temperature and TAC change resulting from high temperature is amplified by PcRAS1 silencing. These results collectively indicate that PcRAS1 is involved in immune regulation against bacterial infection mediated by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Suhua Bai
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Decui Yang
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chaohua Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Jørgensen TS, Jepsen PM, Petersen HCB, Friis DS, Hansen BW. Eggs of the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana require hypoxic conditions to tolerate prolonged embryonic development arrest. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:1. [PMID: 30646885 PMCID: PMC6332675 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copepods make up the largest zooplankton biomass in coastal areas and estuaries and are pivotal for the normal development of fish larva of countless species. During spring in neritic boreal waters, the copepod pelagic biomass increases rapidly from near absence during winter. In the calanoid species Acartia tonsa, a small fraction of eggs are dormant regardless of external conditions and this has been hypothesized to be crucial for sediment egg banks and for the rapid biomass increase during spring. Other eggs can enter a state of induced arrest called quiescence when external conditions are unfavourable. While temperature is known to be a pivotal factor in the transition from developing to resting eggs and back, the role of pH and free Oxygen in embryo development has not been systematically investigated. RESULTS Here, we show in a laboratory setting that hypoxic conditions are necessary for resting eggs to maintain a near-intact rate of survival after several months of induced resting. We further investigate the influence of pH that is realistic for natural sediments on the viability of resting eggs and document the effect that eggs have on the pH of the surrounding environment. We find that resting eggs acidify their immediate surroundings and are able to survive in a wide range of pH. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of hypoxia on the survival capabilities of A. tonsa resting eggs in a controlled laboratory setting, and the first to show that the large majority of quiescent eggs are able to tolerate prolonged resting. These findings have large implications for the understanding of the recruitment of copepods from sediment egg banks, which are considered the primary contributor of nauplii seeded to pelagic populations in nearshore habitats in late spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Sparholt Jørgensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Environmental Science-Environmental Microbiology & Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Per Meyer Jepsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Steven Friis
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Blue pigmentation of neustonic copepods benefits exploitation of a prey-rich niche at the air-sea boundary. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11510. [PMID: 30065353 PMCID: PMC6068160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea-surface microlayer (SML) at the air-sea interface is a distinct, under-studied habitat compared to the subsurface and copepods, important components of ocean food webs, have developed key adaptations to exploit this niche. By using automated SML sampling, high-throughput sequencing and unmanned aerial vehicles, we report on the distribution and abundance of pontellid copepods in relation to the unique biophysicochemical signature of the SML. We found copepods in the SML even during high exposure to sun-derived ultraviolet radiation and their abundance was significantly correlated to increased algal biomass. We additionally investigated the significance of the pontellids’ blue pigmentation and found that the reflectance peak of the blue pigment matched the water-leaving spectral radiance of the ocean surface. This feature could reduce high visibility at the air-sea boundary and potentially provide camouflage of copepods from their predators.
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Tartarotti B, Alfreider A, Egg M, Saul N, Schneider T, Sommaruga R, Tischler A, Vetter J. Seasonal plasticity in photoprotection modulates UV-induced hsp gene expression in copepods from a clear lake. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2018; 63:1579-1592. [PMID: 30333668 PMCID: PMC6175331 DOI: 10.1002/lno.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton from clear alpine lakes is exposed to stressful levels of solar UV radiation (UVR). As these pelagic organisms experience high UVR and large changes in solar radiation conditions between ice-free and ice-cover periods, they have evolved various strategies to minimize UVR exposure and damage. Here, we studied the relation between photoprotection levels (mycosporine-like amino acids, carotenoids), antioxidant capacities, and gene expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) as indicator of stress in the copepod Cyclops abyssorum tatricus during the course of a year. Expression of hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 was measured in the field (baseline expression [BE]) and after UVR exposure in the laboratory. The BE differed among genes and seasons (hsp60: high during summer, hsp70 and hsp90: high during the ice-cover period). The gene expression of hsp70 was upregulated after exposure to UVR (up to 5.2-fold change), while hsp60 and hsp90 were only constitutively expressed. A strong seasonal pattern was found in the photoprotective compounds and antioxidant capacities, with highest levels during the ice-free period. The extent of upregulation of hsp70 gene expression increased with decreasing photoprotection levels and peaked 24 h post UVR exposure (9.6-fold change) at the time of lowest photoprotection (February). Our data suggest that hsp70 gene expression is modulated by seasonal plasticity in photoprotection. This ability of adequate stress response is essential for survival in highly variable ecosystems such as alpine lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Tartarotti
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Alfreider
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Egg
- Ecophysiology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - N. Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of BiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - T. Schneider
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - R. Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Tischler
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Ecophysiology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - J. Vetter
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Low JS, Chew LL, Ng CC, Goh HC, Lehette P, Chong VC. Heat shock response and metabolic stress in the tropical estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei converge at its upper thermal optimum. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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15
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WITHDRAWN: Heat shock response and metabolic stress in the tropical estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei converge at its upper thermal optimum. J Therm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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