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Hamanaka Y, Hasebe M, Shiga S. Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:601-625. [PMID: 37596422 PMCID: PMC11226556 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The photoperiodic mechanism distinguishes between long and short days, and the circadian clock system is involved in this process. Although the necessity of circadian clock genes for photoperiodic responses has been demonstrated in many species, how the clock system contributes to photoperiodic mechanisms remains unclear. A comprehensive study, including the functional analysis of relevant genes and physiology of their expressing cells, is necessary to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Since Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a shallow photoperiodism, photoperiodic mechanisms have been studied in non-model species, starting with brain microsurgery and neuroanatomy, followed by genetic manipulation in some insects. Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic mechanisms in terms of neural networks in insects. We also review recent advances in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodic responses in insects and snails, and additionally circadian clock systems in snails, whose involvement in photoperiodism has hardly been addressed yet. Brain neurosecretory cells, insulin-like peptide/diuretic hormone44-expressing pars intercerebralis neurones in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris and caudo-dorsal cell hormone-expressing caudo-dorsal cells in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, both promote egg laying under long days, and their electrical excitability is attenuated under short and medium days, which reduces oviposition. The photoperiodic responses of the pars intercerebralis neurones are mediated by glutamate under the control of the clock gene period. Thus, we are now able to assess the photoperiodic response by neurosecretory cell activity to investigate the upstream mechanisms, that is, the photoperiodic clock and counter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hamanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hasebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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2
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Norekian TP, Moroz LL. The distribution and evolutionary dynamics of dopaminergic neurons in molluscs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600886. [PMID: 38979169 PMCID: PMC11230423 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine is one of the most versatile neurotransmitters in invertebrates. It's distribution and plethora of functions is likely coupled to feeding ecology, especially in Euthyneura (the largest clade of molluscs), which presents the broadest spectrum of environmental adaptations. Still, the analyses of dopamine-mediated signaling were dominated by studies of grazers. Here, we characterize the distribution of dopaminergic neurons in representatives of two distinct ecological groups: the sea angel - obligate predatory pelagic mollusc Clione limacina (Pteropoda, Gymnosomata) and its prey - the sea devil Limacina helicina (Pteropoda, Thecosomata) as well as the plankton eater Melibe leonina (Nudipleura, Nudibranchia). By using tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity (TH-ir) as a reporter, we showed that the dopaminergic system is moderately conservative among euthyneurans. Across all studied species, small numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the central ganglia contrast to significant diversification of TH-ir neurons in the peripheral nervous system, primarily representing sensory-like cells, which predominantly concentrated in the chemotactic areas and projecting afferent axons to the central nervous system. Combined with α-tubulin immunoreactivity, this study illuminates the unprecedented complexity of peripheral neural systems in gastropod molluscs, with lineage-specific diversification of sensory and modulatory functions.
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Lee CA, Watson WH. In the sea slug Melibe leonina the posterior nerves communicate stomach distention to inhibit feeding and modify oral hood movements. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1047106. [PMID: 36505045 PMCID: PMC9727288 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1047106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea slug Melibe leonina is an excellent model system for the study of the neural basis of satiation, and previous studies have demonstrated that stomach distention attenuates feeding. Here we expanded on this work by examining the pathway communicating stomach distention to the central nervous system and the effects of distention on motor output. We found that the posterior nerves (PN), which extend posteriorly from the buccal ganglia and innervate the stomach, communicate stomach distention in Melibe. PN lesions led to increased feeding duration and food consumption, and PN activity increased in response to stomach distention. Additionally, the percentage of incomplete feeding movements increased with satiation, and PN stimulation had a similar impact in the nerves that innervate the oral hood. These incomplete movements may be functionally similar to the egestive, food rejecting motions seen in other gastropods and enable Melibe to remain responsive to food, yet adjust their behavior as they become satiated. Such flexibility would not be possible if the entire feeding network were inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Anthony Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Colin Anthony Lee,
| | - Winsor Hays Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Bonadè M, Ogura A, Corre E, Bassaglia Y, Bonnaud-Ponticelli L. Diversity of Light Sensing Molecules and Their Expression During the Embryogenesis of the Cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis). Front Physiol 2020; 11:521989. [PMID: 33117186 PMCID: PMC7553075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.521989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyes morphologies may differ but those differences are not reflected at the molecular level. Indeed, the ability to perceive light is thought to come from the same conserved gene families: opsins and cryptochromes. Even though cuttlefish (Cephalopoda) are known for their visually guided behaviors, there is a lack of data about the different opsins and cryptochromes orthologs represented in the genome and their expressions. Here we studied the evolutionary history of opsins, cryptochromes but also visual arrestins in molluscs with an emphasis on cephalopods. We identified 6 opsins, 2 cryptochromes and 1 visual arrestin in Sepia officinalis and we showed these families undergo several duplication events in Mollusca: one duplication in the arrestin family and two in the opsin family. In cuttlefish, we studied the temporal expression of these genes in the eyes of embryos from stage 23 to hatching and their expression in two extraocular tissues, skin and central nervous system (CNS = brain + optic lobes). We showed in embryos that some of these genes (Sof_CRY6, Sof_reti-1, Sof_reti-2, Sof_r-opsin1 and Sof_v-arr) are expressed in the eyes and not in the skin or CNS. By looking at a juvenile and an adult S. officinalis, it seems that some of these genes (Sof_r-opsin1 and Sof_reti1) are used for light detection in these extraocular tissues but that they set-up later in development than in the eyes. We also showed that their expression (except for Sof_CRY6) undergoes an increase in the eyes from stage 25 to 28 thus confirming their role in the ability of the cuttlefish embryos to perceive light through the egg capsule. This study raises the question of the role of Sof_CRY6 in the developing eyes in cuttlefish embryos and the role and localization of xenopsins and r-opsin2. Consequently, the diversity of molecular actors involved in light detection both in the eyes and extraocular tissues is higher than previously known. These results open the way for studying new molecules such as those of the signal transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Bonadè
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, FR2424 CNRS-Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, France
| | - Yann Bassaglia
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil-Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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Chapman EC, Bonsor BJ, Parsons DR, Rotchell JM. Influence of light and temperature cycles on the expression of circadian clock genes in the mussel Mytilus edulis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104960. [PMID: 32250881 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clock genes and environmental cues regulate essential biological rhythms. The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is an ecologically and economically important intertidal bivalve undergoing seasonal reproductive rhythms. We previously identified seasonal expression differences in M. edulis clock genes. Herein, the effects of light/dark cycles, constant darkness, and daily temperature cycles on the circadian expression patterns of such genes are characterised. Clock genes Clk, Cry1, ROR/HR3, Per and Rev-erb/NR1D1, and Timeout-like, show significant mRNA expression variation, persisting in darkness indicating endogenous control. Rhythmic expression was apparent under diurnal temperature cycles in darkness for all except Rev-erb. Temperature cycles induced a significant expression difference in the non-circadian clock-associated gene aaNAT. Furthermore, Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) was used to identify seasonal genes with potential links to molecular clock function and revealed numerous genes meriting further investigation. Understanding the relationship between environmental cues and molecular clocks is crucial in predicting the outcomes of environmental change on fundamental rhythmic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Brodie J Bonsor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Parsons
- Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Watson WH, Nash A, Lee C, Patz MD, Newcomb JM. The Distribution and Possible Roles of Small Cardioactive Peptide in the Nudibranch Melibe leonina. Integr Org Biol 2020; 2:obaa016. [PMID: 33791559 PMCID: PMC7671164 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against SCPB, was used to localize SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system, and map their connections to various tissues, in the nudibranch, Melibe leonina. Approximately 28-36 SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the M. leonina brain, as well as one large neuron in each of the buccal ganglia. The neuropil of the pedal ganglia contained the most SCPB-like-immunoreactive varicosities, although only a small portion of these were due to SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the same ganglion. This suggests that much of the SCPB-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the pedal ganglia was from neurons in other ganglia that projected through the pedal-pedal connectives or the connectives from the cerebral and pleural ganglia. We also observed extensive SCPB innervation along the length of the esophagus. Therefore, we investigated the impact of SCPB on locomotion in intact animals, as well as peristaltic contractions of the isolated esophagus. Injection of intact animals with SCPB at night led to a significant increase in crawling and swimming, compared to control animals injected with saline. Furthermore, perfusion of isolated brains with SCPB initiated expression of the swim motor program. Application of SCPB to the isolated quiescent esophagus initiated rhythmic peristaltic contractions, and this occurred in preparations both with and without the buccal ganglia being attached. All these data, taken together, suggest that SCPB could be released at night to arouse animals and enhance the expression of both feeding and swimming motor programs in M. leonina.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - C Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - M D Patz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - J M Newcomb
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
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Arboleda E, Zurl M, Waldherr M, Tessmar-Raible K. Differential Impacts of the Head on Platynereis dumerilii Peripheral Circadian Rhythms. Front Physiol 2019; 10:900. [PMID: 31354531 PMCID: PMC6638195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii is a useful functional model system for the study of the circadian clock and its interplay with others, e.g., circalunar clocks. The focus has so far been on the worm's head. However, behavioral and physiological cycles in other animals typically arise from the coordination of circadian clocks located in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Here, we focus on peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks, revisit and expand classical circadian work on the worm's chromatophores, investigate locomotion as read-out and include molecular analyses. We establish that different pieces of the trunk exhibit synchronized, robust oscillations of core circadian clock genes. These circadian core clock transcripts are under strong control of the light-dark cycle, quickly losing synchronized oscillation under constant darkness, irrespective of the absence or presence of heads. Different wavelengths are differently effective in controlling the peripheral molecular synchronization. We have previously shown that locomotor activity is under circadian clock control. Here, we show that upon decapitation worms exhibit strongly reduced activity levels. While still following the light-dark cycle, locomotor rhythmicity under constant darkness is less clear. We also observe the rhythmicity of pigments in the worm's individual chromatophores, confirming their circadian pattern. These size changes continue under constant darkness, but cannot be re-entrained by light upon decapitation. Our works thus provides the first basic characterization of the peripheral circadian clock of P. dumerilii. In the absence of the head, light is essential as a major synchronization cue for peripheral molecular and locomotor circadian rhythms, while circadian changes in chromatophore size can continue for several days in the absence of light/dark changes and the head. Thus, in Platynereis the dependence on the head depends on the type of peripheral rhythm studied. These data show that peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks should also be considered in "non-conventional" molecular model systems, i.e., outside Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, and Mus musculus, and build a basic foundation for future investigations of interactions of clocks with different period lengths in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arboleda
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zurl
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Waldherr
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Rhythms of Life”, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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