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Rahi ML, Mather PB, de Bello Cioffi M, Ezaz T, Hurwood DA. Genomic Basis of Freshwater Adaptation in the Palaemonid Prawn Genus Macrobrachium: Convergent Evolution Following Multiple Independent Colonization Events. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:976-989. [PMID: 38010517 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to different salinity environments can enhance morphological and genomic divergence between related aquatic taxa. Species of prawns in the genus Macrobrachium naturally inhabit different osmotic niches and possess distinctive lifecycle traits associated with salinity tolerance. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of adaptive genomic divergence during freshwater colonization in 34 Macrobrachium species collected from four continents; Australia, Asia, North and South America. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique identified 5018 loci containing 82,636 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used to reconstruct a phylogenomic tree. An additional phylogeny was reconstructed based on 43 candidate genes, previously identified as being potentially associated with freshwater adaptation. Comparison of the two phylogenetic trees revealed contrasting topologies. The GBS tree indicated multiple independent continent-specific invasions into freshwater by Macrobrachium lineages following common marine ancestry, as species with abbreviated larval development (ALD), i.e., species having a full freshwater life history, appeared reciprocally monophyletic within each continent. In contrast, the candidate gene tree showed convergent evolution for all ALD species worldwide, forming a single, well-supported clade. This latter pattern is likely the result of common evolutionary pressures selecting key mutations favored in continental freshwater habitats Results suggest that following multiple independent invasions into continental freshwaters at different evolutionary timescales, Macrobrachium taxa experienced adaptive genomic divergence, and in particular, convergence in the same genomic regions with parallel shifts in specific conserved phenotypic traits, such as evolution of larger eggs with abbreviated larval developmental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lifat Rahi
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Peter B Mather
- Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology (IAE), University of Canberra (UC), Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - David A Hurwood
- Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Rahi ML, Azad KN, Tabassum M, Irin HH, Hossain KS, Aziz D, Moshtaghi A, Hurwood DA. Effects of Salinity on Physiological, Biochemical and Gene Expression Parameters of Black Tiger Shrimp ( Penaeus monodon): Potential for Farming in Low-Salinity Environments. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121220. [PMID: 34943135 PMCID: PMC8698961 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting growth, metabolism, immunity and survival of aquatic species in farming environments. As a euryhaline species, the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) can tolerate a wide range of salinity levels and is farmed between brackish to marine water conditions. The current study tested the effects of six different salinity levels (0‱, 2.5‱, 5‱, 10‱, 20‱ and 30‱) on the selected physiological, biochemical and genetic markers (individual changes in the expression pattern of selected candidate genes) in the black tiger shrimp. Experimental salinity levels significantly affected growth and survival performance (p < 0.05); the highest levels of growth and survival performance were observed at the control (20‱) salinity. Salinity reductions significantly increased free fatty acid (FFA), but reduced free amino acid (FAA) levels. Lower salinity treatments (0-10‱) significantly reduced hemolymph osmolality levels while 30‱ significantly increased osmolality levels. The five different salinity treatments increased the expression of osmoregulatory and hemolymph regulatory genes by 1.2-8-fold. In contrast, 1.2-1.6-fold lower expression levels were observed at the five salinity treatments for growth (alpha amylase) and immunity (toll-like receptor) genes. O2 consumption, glucose and serotonin levels, and expression of osmoregulatory genes showed rapid increase initially with salinity change, followed by reducing trend and stable patterns from the 5th day to the end. Hemocyte counts, expression of growth and immunity related genes showed initial decreasing trends, followed by an increasing trend and finally stability from 20th day to the end. Results indicate the farming potential of P. monodon at low salinity environments (possibly at freshwater) by proper acclimation prior to stocking with minimal effects on production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Lifat Rahi
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.L.R.); (K.N.A.); (M.T.); (H.H.I.); (K.S.H.)
| | - Khairun Naher Azad
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.L.R.); (K.N.A.); (M.T.); (H.H.I.); (K.S.H.)
| | - Maliha Tabassum
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.L.R.); (K.N.A.); (M.T.); (H.H.I.); (K.S.H.)
| | - Hasna Hena Irin
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.L.R.); (K.N.A.); (M.T.); (H.H.I.); (K.S.H.)
| | - Kazi Sabbir Hossain
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.L.R.); (K.N.A.); (M.T.); (H.H.I.); (K.S.H.)
| | - Dania Aziz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Port Dickson 70150, Malaysia; (A.M.); (D.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Azam Moshtaghi
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Port Dickson 70150, Malaysia; (A.M.); (D.A.H.)
| | - David A Hurwood
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Port Dickson 70150, Malaysia; (A.M.); (D.A.H.)
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Orr SE, Negrão Watanabe TT, Buchwalter DB. Physiological plasticity and acclimatory responses to salinity stress are ion-specific in the mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117221. [PMID: 33975217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater salinization is a rapidly emerging ecological issue and is correlated with significant declines in aquatic biodiversity. It remains unclear how changing salinity regimes affect the physiology of sensitive aquatic insects. We used the parthenogenetic mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer, to ask how ionic exposure history alters physiological processes and responses to subsequent major ion exposures. Using radiotracers (22Na, 35SO4, and 45Ca), we observed that mayflies chronically reared in elevated sodium or sulfate (157 mg L-1 Na or 667 mg L-1 SO4) had 2-fold (p < 0.0001) and 8-fold (p < 0.0001) lower ion uptake rates than mayflies reared in dilute control water (16 mg L-1 Na and 23 mg L-1 SO4) and subsequently transferred to elevated salinities, respectively. These acclimatory ion transport changes provided protection in 96-h toxicity bioassays for sodium, but not sulfate. Interestingly, calcium uptake was uniformly much lower and minimally influenced by exposure history, but was poorly tolerated in the toxicity bioassays. With qRT-PCR, we observed that the expression of many ion transporter genes in mayflies was influenced by elevated salinity in an ion-specific manner (general upregulation in response to sulfate, downregulation in response to calcium). Elevated sodium exposure had minimal influence on the same genes. Finally, we provide novel light microscopic evidence of histomorphological changes within the epithelium of the Malpighian tubules (insect primary excretory system) that undergoes cellular degeneration and necrosis secondary to calcium toxicity. We conclude that physiological plasticity to salinity stress is ion-specific and provide evidence for ion-specific toxicity mechanisms in N. triangulifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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