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Wan X, Wang W, Zhou Y, Ma X, Guan M, Liu F, Chen S, Fan JX, Yan GP. Self-Delivery Nanoplatform Based on Amphiphilic Apoptosis Peptide for Precise Mitochondria-Targeting Photothermal Therapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1537-1547. [PMID: 38356224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting photothermal therapy could significantly enhance the tumor cell killing effect. However, since therapeutic reagents need to overcome a series of physiological obstacles to arrive at mitochondria accurately, precise mitochondria-targeting photothermal therapy still faces great challenges. In this study, we developed a self-delivery nanoplatform that specifically targeted the mitochondria of tumor cells for precise photothermal therapy. Photothermal agent IR780 was encapsulated by amphiphilic apoptotic peptide KLA with mitochondria-targeting ability to form nanomicelle KI by self-assembly through hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Subsequently, negatively charged tumor-targeting polymer HA was coated on the surface of KI through electrostatic interactions, to obtain tumor mitochondria-targeting self-delivery nanoplatform HKI. Through CD44 receptor-mediated recognition, HKI was internalizated by tumor cells and then disassembled in an acidic environment with hyaluronidase in endosomes, resulting in the release of apoptotic peptide KLA and photothermal agent IR780 with mitochondria anchoring capacity, which achieved precise mitochondria guidance and destruction. This tumor mitochondria-targeting self-delivery nanoplatform was able to effectively deliver photothermal agents and apoptotic peptides to tumor cell mitochondria, resulting in precise destruction to mitochondria and enhancing tumor cell inhibition at the subcellular organelle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Wensong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Si Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Fan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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Zhou YC, Zhao TK, Tao SM, Wang P, Guan YC, Yang KP, Chen SQ, Pu XY. Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Induced Tumor Cell Death by Anti-tumor Metallic complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301020. [PMID: 38149729 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes represented by platinum complexes play a very important role in cancer treatment due to their diverse chemical structures and anti-tumor activities. Recently, ferroptosis has emerged as a newly occurring cell death form in the anti-tumor process. It has been reported that metal complexes could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumors and combat chemotherapy resistance by targeting ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe ferroptosis as a fundamental process for tumor suppression and triggering anti-tumor immune responses. We summarize recent developments on metal complexes that induce ferroptosis. Finally, we outline the prospects for the application of metal complexes to the treatment of tumors based on ferroptosis and the associated problems that need to be solved, and discussed other potential research directions of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Kun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Si-Man Tao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chen Guan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Pei Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
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3
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Cole HD, Vali A, Roque JA, Shi G, Kaur G, Hodges RO, Francés-Monerris A, Alberto ME, Cameron CG, McFarland SA. Ru(II) Phenanthroline-Based Oligothienyl Complexes as Phototherapy Agents. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21181-21200. [PMID: 38079387 PMCID: PMC10754219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes have gained widespread attention as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we systematically investigate a series of the type [Ru(phen)2(IP-nT)]2+, featuring 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) coligands and imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligands tethered to n = 0-4 thiophene rings (IP-nT). The complexes were characterized and investigated for their electrochemical, spectroscopic, and (photo)biological properties. The electrochemical oxidation of the nT unit shifted by -350 mV as n = 1 → 4 (+920 mV for Ru-1T, +570 mV for Ru-4T); nT reductions were observed in complexes Ru-3T (-2530 mV) and Ru-4T (-2300 mV). Singlet oxygen quantum yields ranged from 0.53 to 0.88, with Ru-3T and Ru-4T being equally efficient (∼0.88). Time-resolved absorption spectra of Ru-0T-1T were dominated by metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) states (τTA = 0.40-0.85 μs), but long-lived intraligand charge-transfer (3ILCT) states were observed in Ru-2T-4T (τTA = 25-148 μs). The 3ILCT energies of Ru-3T and Ru-4T were computed to be 1.6 and 1.4 eV, respectively. The phototherapeutic efficacy against melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) under broad-band visible light (400-700 nm) increases as n = 0 → 4: Ru-0T was inactive up to 300 μM, Ru-1T-2T were moderately active (EC50 ∼ 600 nM, PI = 200), and Ru-3T (EC50 = 57 nM, PI > 1100) and Ru-4T (EC50 = 740 pM, PI = 114,000) were the most phototoxic. The activity diminishes with longer wavelengths of light and is completely suppressed for all complexes except Ru-3T and Ru-4T in hypoxia. Ru-4T is the more potent and robust PS in 1% O2 over seven biological replicates (avg EC50 = 1.3 μM, avg PI = 985). Ru-3T exhibited hypoxic activity in five of seven replicates, underscoring the need for biological replicates in compound evaluation. Singlet oxygen sensitization is likely responsible for phototoxic effects of the compounds in normoxia, but the presence of redox-active excited states may facilitate additional photoactive pathways for complexes with three or more thienyl groups. The 3ILCT state with its extended lifetime (30-40× longer than the 3MLCT state for Ru-3T and Ru-4T) implicates its predominant role in photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houston D. Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
| | - Abbas Vali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
| | - John A. Roque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 USA
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
| | - Rachel O. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 USA
| | | | - Marta E. Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Italy
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065 USA
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4
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Kshetri M, Jogadi W, Alqarni S, Datta P, Cheline M, Sharma A, Betters T, Broyles D, Zheng YR. Exploring the Impact of Head Group Modifications on the Anticancer Activities of Fatty-Acid-like Platinum(IV) Prodrugs: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13301. [PMID: 37686109 PMCID: PMC10487970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first comprehensive investigation on the impact of head group modifications on the anticancer activities of fatty-acid-like Pt(IV) prodrugs (FALPs), which are a class of platinum-based metallodrugs that target mitochondria. We created a small library of FALPs (1-9) with diverse head group modifications. The outcomes of our study demonstrate that hydrophilic modifications exclusively enhance the potency of these metallodrugs, whereas hydrophobic modifications significantly decrease their cytotoxicity. To further understand this interesting structure-activity relationship, we chose two representative FALPs (compounds 2 and 7) as model compounds: one (2) with a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) head group, and the other (7) with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon modification of the same molecular weight. Using these FALPs, we conducted a targeted investigation on the mechanism of action. Our study revealed that compound 2, with hydrophilic modifications, exhibited remarkable penetration into cancer cells and mitochondria, leading to subsequent mitochondrial and DNA damage, and effectively eradicating cancer cells. In contrast, compound 7, with hydrophobic modifications, displayed a significantly lower uptake and weaker cellular responses. The collective results present a different perspective, indicating that increased hydrophobicity may not necessarily enhance cellular uptake as is conventionally believed. These findings provide valuable new insights into the fundamental principles of developing metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Kshetri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Wjdan Jogadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Suha Alqarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payel Datta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - May Cheline
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Tyler Betters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Deonya Broyles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 236 Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, OH 44242, USA (S.A.); (P.D.); (M.C.)
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5
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Gukathasan S, Obisesan OA, Saryazdi S, Ratliff L, Parkin S, Grossman RB, Awuah SG. A Conformationally Restricted Gold(III) Complex Elicits Antiproliferative Activity in Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13118-13129. [PMID: 37530672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamine ligands are effective structural scaffolds for tuning the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for catalytic, materials, and phosphorescent applications and have been leveraged for biological use. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of cyclometalated [C^N] Au(III) complexes bearing secondary diamines including a norbornane backbone, (2R,3S)-N2,N3-dibenzylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-diamine, or a cyclohexane backbone, (1R,2R)-N1,N2-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine. X-ray crystallography confirms the square-planar geometry and chirality at nitrogen. The electronic character of the conformationally restricted norbornane backbone influences the electrochemical behavior with redox potentials of -0.8 to -1.1 V, atypical for Au(III) complexes. These compounds demonstrate promising anticancer activity, particularly, complex 1, which bears a benzylpyridine organogold framework, and supported by the bicyclic conformationally restricted diaminonorbornane, shows good potency in A2780 cells. We further show that a cellular response to 1 evokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and does not induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This class of complexes provides significant stability and reactivity for different applications in protein modification, catalysis, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Oluwatosin A Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Setareh Saryazdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Libby Ratliff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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6
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Greif CE, Mertens RT, Berger G, Parkin S, Awuah SG. An anti-glioblastoma gold(i)-NHC complex distorts mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics to induce tumor growth inhibition. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:592-599. [PMID: 37547458 PMCID: PMC10398352 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer subtype, often advanced by the time of initial diagnosis. Existing treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have been stymied by recurrence, metastasis, drug resistance and brain targetability. Here, we report a geometrically distinct Au(i) complex ligated by N^N-bidentate ligands and supported by a N-heterocyclic ligand that modulates mitochondrial morphology to inhibit GBM in vitro and in vivo. This work benefits from the facile preparation of anti-GBM Au(i)-NHC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Greif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Gilles Berger
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40536 USA
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Mertens RT, Gukathasan S, Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Awuah SG. Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6612-6667. [PMID: 37071737 PMCID: PMC10317554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The gold drugs, gold sodium thiomalate (Myocrisin), aurothioglucose (Solganal), and the orally administered auranofin (Ridaura), are utilized in modern medicine for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis; however, new gold agents have been slow to enter the clinic. Repurposing of auranofin in different disease indications such as cancer, parasitic, and microbial infections in the clinic has provided impetus for the development of new gold complexes for biomedical applications based on unique mechanistic insights differentiated from auranofin. Various chemical methods for the preparation of physiologically stable gold complexes and associated mechanisms have been explored in biomedicine such as therapeutics or chemical probes. In this Review, we discuss the chemistry of next generation gold drugs, which encompasses oxidation states, geometry, ligands, coordination, and organometallic compounds for infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, and as tools for chemical biology via gold-protein interactions. We will focus on the development of gold agents in biomedicine within the past decade. The Review provides readers with an accessible overview of the utility, development, and mechanism of action of gold-based small molecules to establish context and basis for the thriving resurgence of gold in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adedamola S Arojojoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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8
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Yang PX, Xie K, Chen MR, Zhang Z, Huang B, Li RT, Ye RR. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitumor Mechanism Investigation of Ruthenium(II)/Rhenium(I)-Daminozide Conjugates. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, is an effective inhibitor of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. Herein, four ruthenium(II)/rhenium(I)-daminozide conjugates, with molecular formulas [Ru(N-N)2bpy(4-CH2OH-4′-CH2O-daminozide)](PF6)2 (Ru-1/Ru-2) (N-N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru-1) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Ru-2)) and Re(N-N)(CO)3(PyCH2O-daminozide) (Re-1/Re-2) (Py = pyridine, N-N = phen (in Re-1) and DIP (in Re-2)), were synthesized and characterized. Among these complexes, Ru-2 and Re-2 exhibited higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells than cisplatin. Upregulation of H3K9Me3 expression level was found in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) treated with Ru-2 and Re-2, indicating that these two complexes can inhibit the activity of JMJD histone demethylase. Further investigation revealed that Re-2 can selectively accumulate in the mitochondria of HeLa cells. Both Ru-2 and Re-2 can cause mitochondrial damage, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration and colony formation of HeLa cells. Overall, these complexes exhibit multiple anticancer functions, including inhibiting JMJD, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell invasion, making them promising candidates for anticancer drugs.
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Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A. Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072920. [PMID: 37049685 PMCID: PMC10096333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yik Lim
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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10
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Alem MB, Desalegn T, Damena T, Bayle EA, Koobotse MO, Ngwira KJ, Ombito JO, Zachariah M, Demissie TB. Organic-inorganic hybrid salt and mixed ligand Cr(III) complexes containing the natural flavonoid chrysin: Synthesis, characterization, computational, and biological studies. Front Chem 2023; 11:1173604. [PMID: 37123873 PMCID: PMC10130586 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1173604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid salt and mixed ligand Cr(III) complexes (Cr1 and Cr2) containing the natural flavonoid chrysin were synthesized. The metal complexes were characterized using UV-Vis, Fourier-transform infrared, MS, SEM-EDX, XRD, and molar conductance measurements. Based on experimental and DFT/TD-DFT calculations, octahedral geometries for the synthesized complexes were suggested. The powder XRD analysis confirms that the synthesized complexes were polycrystalline, with orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems having average crystallite sizes of 21.453 and 19.600 nm, percent crystallinities of 51% and 31.37%, and dislocation densities of 2.324 × 10-3 and 2.603 × 10-3 nm-2 for Cr1 and Cr2, respectively. The complexes were subjected to cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant studies. The in vitro biological studies were supported with quantum chemical and molecular docking computational studies. Cr1 showed significant cytotoxicity to the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 8.08 μM compared to 30.85 μM for Cr2 and 18.62 μM for cisplatin. Cr2 showed better antibacterial activity than Cr1. The higher E HOMO (-5.959 eV) and dipole moment (10.838 Debye) values of Cr2 obtained from the quantum chemical calculations support the observed in vitro antibacterial activities. The overall results indicated that Cr1 is a promising cytotoxic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamaru Bitew Alem
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Mamaru Bitew Alem, , Tegene Desalegn, , Taye B. Demissie,
| | - Tegene Desalegn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Mamaru Bitew Alem, , Tegene Desalegn, , Taye B. Demissie,
| | - Tadewos Damena
- Department of Chemistry, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Enyew Alemayehu Bayle
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Moses O. Koobotse
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kennedy J. Ngwira
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Taye B. Demissie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- *Correspondence: Mamaru Bitew Alem, , Tegene Desalegn, , Taye B. Demissie,
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