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Schnell SA, Ohtsuka H, Kakinuma S, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe K, Orino K. Iron and Ferritin Levels in the Serum and Milk of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:12. [PMID: 26664941 PMCID: PMC4672180 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism was examined in 15 bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected dairy cows (2.6–7.8 years old). BLV infection was detected by measuring serum antibody titer against BLV virus antigen (gp51). The anti-BLV antibody titers of the BLV-infected cows were significantly higher in serum than in milk; a single serum-positive animal lacked detectable anti-BLV antibodies in its milk. Iron and ferritin concentrations also were significantly higher in serum than in milk. Although most of the BLV-infected dairy cows had past or present anamneses (such as inflammatory diseases, including intramammary infection), the milk ferritin concentrations of the infected cows were significantly lower than those of normal cows; serum ferritin concentrations did not differ significantly between these two groups. The anti-BLV antibody titers in milk samples showed significant correlation with serum iron concentrations. These results suggest that BLV infection affects iron homeostasis through iron metabolism in the dairy cow mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Star A Schnell
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University , Towada , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohtsuka
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University , Ebetsu , Japan
| | | | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University , Towada , Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University , Towada , Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University , Towada , Japan
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Numata M, Kondo T, Nambo Y, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe K, Orino K. Change of antibody levels to ferritin in the sera of foals after birth: Possible passive transfer of maternal anti-ferritin autoantibody via colostrum and age-related anti-ferritin autoantibody production. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:782-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Numata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Epizootic Research Center; Equine Research Institute; Japan Racing Association; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Equine Science Division; Hidaka Training Research Center; Japan Racing Association; Hidaka Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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Kanno Y, Ohtsuka H, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe K, Orino K. Measurement of ferritin and anti-ferritin autoantibodies in serum and colostrum of Holstein and Japanese Black cows. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:556-61. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Kanno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Large Animal Internal Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
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Heme-mediated binding of α-casein to ferritin: evidence for preferential α-casein binding to ferrous iron. Biometals 2011; 24:1217-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hashimoto M, Nambo Y, Kondo T, Watanabe K, Orino K. A Study on the Presence of Ferritin-binding Proteins in Fetal Horse Plasma. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:1-7. [PMID: 24833981 PMCID: PMC4013997 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammal circulation, ferritin-binding proteins (FBPs) are thought to be involved in clearance of circulating ferritin after complex formation with it through receptor-mediated uptake. However, there is no report on fetal FBP in fetal circulation. Although iron concentrations of fetal horse plasma were higher than those of adult horse plasma, plasma ferritin concentrations and ferritin-binding activities were found to be significantly lower in fetus than in adult. FBPs were purified from fetal or adult horse plasma on horse spleen ferritin-Sepharose 4B affinity column. Partially affinity-purified fetal horse plasma FBPs were mainly separated into 65 and 41 kDa bands in addition to minor bands with higher molecular masses ranged from 102 to 140 kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing condition. The adult horse plasma FBPs were separated into 74, 54 and 28 kDa bands, and the 74 and 54 kDa bands reacted with antibodies specific for horse IgM and IgG heavy chains, respectively, by immunoblotting analyses. On the other hand, no antibodies to horse immunoglobulin classes detected any bands in fetal horse plasma FBPs. The affinity-purified adult and fetal horse plasma FBPs did not contain fibrinogen as a plasma specific FBP, probably due to its lower affinity to the ligand ferritin. These results demonstrate the presence of FBPs which are different from adult horse plasma FBPs including anti-ferritin autoantibodies in fetal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Nishicha, Urakawa-cho, Urakawa-gun, Hidaka, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Ohya T, Kondo T, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe K, Orino K. Change of Ferritin-binding Activity in the Serum of Foal after Birth. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:73-6. [PMID: 24833990 PMCID: PMC4013975 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammal circulation, various ferritin-binding proteins (FBPs) are thought to be
involved in the clearance of circulating ferritin after complex formation with it.
However, horse FBPs are known to cause inhibitory effects on ferritin immunoassay due to
the concealment of the ferritin molecule to anti-ferritin antibodies used in the ferritin
immunoassay. These inhibitory effects are eliminated by heat treatment of horse serum at
75°C for 15 min. The inhibitory effects on ferritin immunoassay in the sera of ten foal
sera (5 females and 5 males) from 1 to 18 months were detected during all periods, and
ferritin concentrations of the foal sera increased 20–100% as compared with those of
untreated sera by same heat treatment. Ferritin concentrations of heat-treated foal sera
increased after birth, reaching to ferritin levels of adult horse at 9 months of age.
Thereafter, although serum ferritin concentrations fell down at 12 months of age, these
concentrations increased to adult levels at 15 months of age again. The ratio of ferritin
concentration of heat-treated serum to that of the untreated serum was regarded as an
apparent ferritin-binding activity. Ferritin-binding activities in the sera of foals
showed peak at 2 and 4 months of age in females and males, respectively. These results
suggested that horse FBPs were heat unstable, and FBPs may play an important role in iron
metabolism at early developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Wang W, Knovich MA, Coffman LG, Torti FM, Torti SV. Serum ferritin: Past, present and future. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1800:760-9. [PMID: 20304033 PMCID: PMC2893236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ferritin was discovered in the 1930s, and was developed as a clinical test in the 1970s. Many diseases are associated with iron overload or iron deficiency. Serum ferritin is widely used in diagnosing and monitoring these diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this chapter, we discuss the role of serum ferritin in physiological and pathological processes and its use as a clinical tool. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Although many aspects of the fundamental biology of serum ferritin remain surprisingly unclear, a growing number of roles have been attributed to extracellular ferritin, including newly described roles in iron delivery, angiogenesis, inflammation, immunity, signaling and cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Serum ferritin remains a clinically useful tool. Further studies on the biology of this protein may provide new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Sugawara G, Inoue R, Watanabe K, Ohtsuka H, Orino K. Short communication: Bovine α-casein is a ferritin-binding protein and inhibitory factor of milk ferritin immunoassay. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:3810-4. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sakamoto H, Kuboi T, Nagakura T, Hayashi S, Hoshi F, Mutoh K, Watanabe K, Orino K. Characterization of feline serum ferritin-binding proteins: the presence of a novel ferritin-binding protein as an inhibitory factor in feline ferritin immunoassay. Biometals 2009; 22:793-802. [PMID: 19326051 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin-binding proteins (FBPs) such as anti-ferritin antibody, alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein B are expected to interact with circulating ferritin to eliminate it from circulation. However, we found that feline serum more strongly inhibits the detection of canine liver ferritin by immunoassay than its apoferritin; putative FBPs probably conceal ferritin epitopes detected by anti-ferritin antibodies. After complex formation between affinity-purified FBPs and canine liver ferritin, co-immunoprecipitates of the complex by anti-bovine spleen ferritin antibody were found to contain autoantibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA) to ferritin by immunoblot analysis with antibodies specific for feline IgG, IgM, and IgA. On the other hand, affinity-purified samples did not show any inhibitory effect in the ferritin immunoassay. This result shows that feline serum has another FBP, which inhibits ferritin immunoassays, but not anti-ferritin autoantibody. A feline FBP was partially purified from feline serum by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation (33-50%), gel filtration chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography. After binding of the partially purified sample with canine liver ferritin coupled-Sepharose gel, the FBP was separated and purified from complexes formed in a native-PAGE gel. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified FBP is a homomultimer composed of 31 kDa monomeric subunits connected by intermolecular disulfide bonds. Detection of feline liver ferritin by immunoassay was inhibited by FBP in a dose-dependent manner. The purified protein molecules appeared to be conglomerate of pentraxin-like molecules by its electron micrographic appearance. These results demonstrate that feline serum contains a novel FBP as inhibitory factor of ferritin immunoassay with different molecular properties from those of other mammalian FBPs, in addition to auto-antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA) to ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Orino K, Watanabe K. Molecular, physiological and clinical aspects of the iron storage protein ferritin. Vet J 2007; 178:191-201. [PMID: 17764995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major factor in inflammatory, malignant and metabolic diseases in domestic and farm animals. Oxidative stress-mediated damage depends on the level of cellular and total body iron status because an excess iron (Fe(2+)) pool produces the most harmful free radicals (hydroxyls) through the Fenton reaction. Ferritin is a ubiquitous and conserved iron storage protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism and has the dual function of storing iron in bioavailable and non-toxic forms. Intracellular ferritin synthesis is controlled at translational and transcriptional levels in both an iron-dependent and an iron-independent manner. Ferritin is also found in extracellular fluids such as serum, synovial fluids and milk. Although serum ferritin is a sensitive indicator of body iron stores, the extracellular ferritins are elevated in inflammatory or malignant disease. Circulating ferritin interacts with ferritin-binding protein to form a complex, which is rapidly cleared from the body. This review describes recent research of physiological and clinical significance of ferritin and its application to future veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Seki T, Kunichika T, Watanabe K, Orino K. Apolipoprotein B binds ferritin by hemin-mediated binding: evidence of direct binding of apolipoprotein B and ferritin to hemin. Biometals 2007; 21:61-9. [PMID: 17356788 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is known to be a ferritin-binding protein. Here we show that apoB binds to ferritin through hemin-mediated binding. Human apoB bound to bovine spleen, horse spleen, and canine liver ferritins, but did not bind to bovine apoferritin, even after incorporation of iron into it. Incubation of apoferritin with hemin resulted in apoB binding with apoferritin at the same level as with holoferritin. In contrast, hemin inhibited binding of apoB to ferritin. Bovine spleen apoferritin bound biotinylated hemin, and hemin inhibited the binding between the apoferritin and biotinylated hemin, suggesting that ferritin binds hemin directly. ApoB and LDL containing apoB bound biotinylated hemin, and their bindings were also inhibited by hemin, but not protoporphyrin IX. These data demonstrate that binding of apoB to ferritin is mediated through ferritin's binding to hemin, and also that apoB binds hemin directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Orino K, Watanabe S, Ohtsuka H, Kohiruimaki M, Watanabe K. Technical Note: Measurement of Ferritin in Bovine Milk and Its Clinical Significance. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:3842-5. [PMID: 16960059 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative ELISA was developed for bovine milk ferritin with an assay limit of 0.16 ng/mL of bovine spleen ferritin. Ferritin-binding activity was detected in bovine milk samples, and this binding activity was inhibited by increasing ionic strength with the addition of 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4. Heat treatment (60 degrees C, 20 min) of bovine milk in the presence of 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 resulted in a 15 to 58% increase in ferritin concentrations compared with untreated samples. Although the recovery of bovine spleen ferritin added to milk was still low (55 to 90%), even in the presence of increased ionic strength with 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4, recovery was improved by heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 20 min (92 to 95%). Milk ferritin concentrations in 30 milk samples from quarters of 25 cows with mastitis (mean +/- SE: 134.2 +/- 28.7 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in 17 quarter milk samples from 17 noninfected lactating cows (7.2 +/- 1.2 ng/mL), suggesting that bovine milk contains putative ferritin-binding proteins that inhibit immunoassay for milk ferritin and that bovine milk ferritin is an indicator of IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Orino
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Orino K, Uehara M, Okano S, Watanabe K. Purification and characterization of canine serum ferritin-binding proteins. Biometals 2006; 19:315-22. [PMID: 16799869 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-1299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin-binding protein (FBP) is known to interact with circulating ferritins in mammals. Canine FBPs were purified from canine serum by affinity chromatography and were identified as IgM, IgG, and IgA by immunoblotting with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies to canine IgM, IgG, and IgA heavy chains. Following further purification by application to a Sephacryl S-300 column, canine FBPs were separated into 81.3- and 27.7-kDa bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis, and the 81.3-kDa band reacted with the anti-canine IgM heavy chain antibody. Purified canine FBP bound to canine liver ferritin, but not to canine albumin and transferrin. FBP showed greater binding to the expressed bovine ferritin H-chain homopolymer than to the expressed bovine ferritin L-chain homopolymer. The binding of FBP with canine liver ferritin was dose-dependently inhibited by anti-rat liver ferritin antibody, and the anti-ferritin antibody dissociated the bound FBP in a dose-dependent manner, even after binding FBP with liver ferritin. The canine ferritin H subunit peptide fragment with amino acid residues 148-155 (NH(2)-GDHVTNLR-COOH) in its C-terminal region was recognized by FBP. These results indicate that canine serum FBPs are autoantibodies to ferritin (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and that anti-ferritin autoantibody (IgM) recognizes the C-terminal region of ferritin H subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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ORINO K, HAMADA S, HASHIMOTO M, NAMBO Y, KONDO T, WATANABE K. Identification of Horse Anti-Ferritin Autoantibody. J Equine Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1294/jes.17.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi ORINO
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Shuichiro HAMADA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Masafumi HASHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Yasuo NAMBO
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Takashi KONDO
- Epizootic Research Station, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association
| | - Kiyotaka WATANABE
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University
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