1
|
Xin R, Ma L, Liu R, Huang X, Fu B, Dong X, Qin L. Contribution of Lipids to the Flavor of Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Maillard Reaction Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193015. [PMID: 36230091 PMCID: PMC9562662 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid oxidation and the Maillard reaction are two of the most important reactions affecting the flavor of foods that have been heat-processed. To investigate the contribution of lipids to the mussel’s flavor, the mussel’s Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared with polar lipids (mainly phospholipids) and nonpolar lipids (mainly glycerides), respectively. The effects of polar and nonpolar lipids on the flavor of the MRPs were investigated by sensory evaluation, electronic tongue, electronic nose, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). From the sensory evaluation results, the polar lipid MRPs had the highest scores. The tastes of polar lipid MRPs and nonpolar lipid MRPs were mainly umami, saltiness and sourness, and there were significant differences in their sour tastes. The flavor compounds in the MRPs were mainly inorganic sulfides, organic sulfides and nitrogen oxides. The odor of polar lipid MRPs was stronger than that of nonpolar lipid MRPs, and the seafood flavor was more obvious. A total of 37 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS, mainly aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. The addition of polar lipids helped the MRPs to produce more volatile compounds. A total of 177 non-volatile compounds (including amino acids and their derivatives and oligopeptides, etc.) were detected in the samples using UPLC-MS. The non-volatile compounds contained in the no-lipid MRPs, polar lipid MRPs and nonpolar lipid MRPs were significantly different. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the production of mussel MRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Qin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-86323262
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Non-polar lipid from greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101132. [PMID: 34632003 PMCID: PMC8493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoclast-dependent bone resorption process is a crucial part of the bone regulatory system. The excessive function of osteoclasts can cause diseases of bone, joint, and other tissues such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Greenshell mussel oil (GSM), a good source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs), was fractionated into total lipid, polar lipid, and non-polar lipid components and their anti-osteoclastogenic activity tested in RAW 264.7 cell cultures. Osteoclast differentiation process was achieved after 5 days of incubation with RANKL in 24-well culture plates. Introducing the non-polar lipid fraction into the culture caused a lack of cell differentiation, and a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner (50% reduction at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, actin ring formation was significantly diminished by non-polar lipids at 10-20 μg/mL. The bone digestive enzymes released by osteoclasts into the pit formation were also compromised by downregulating gene expression of cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). This study revealed that the non-polar lipid fraction of GSM oil contains bioactive substances which possess potent anti-osteoclastogenic activity.
Collapse
Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ALA, Alpha linolenic acid
- CAII, Carbonic anhydrase II
- DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid
- EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid
- FFAR, Free fatty acid receptor
- GSM, Greenshell mussel
- Greenshell mussel
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MMP-9, Matrix metalloproteinase 9
- MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor κB
- NFATc1, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- Omega 3 fatty acid
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoporosis
- PA, Palmitic acid
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand
- SFA, Saturated fatty acid
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
Collapse
|
3
|
Aldairi AF, Alyamani RA, Al-Hazmi A, Halawani IF, Alsubaihi AA, Idris S, Fallatah NA, Gassas A, Almalki AA, Qasem A, Ghaith MM, Almasmoum H, Alghamdi AA, Allahyani M, Almaimani RA, Banni H, Alkhanabashi M. Antioxidant and antithrombotic effects of green mussels (Perna canaliculus) in rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13865. [PMID: 34263474 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the use of marine mussels as seafood is being more popular. They considered being a rich source of various nutritional bioactive compounds that aroused the scientific community's interest. This study investigated the antioxidant and the antithrombotic consequences on Sprague-Dawley male rats after adding dried New Zealand mussel Perna canaliculus in their diet. The biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes were also observed. Forty rats were divided into four groups according to the amount of dried mussels in their diet, in addition to a control group that consumed a basal diet only. Group 1 consumed 25% dried mussels in its basal diet; Group 2 consumed 35% dried mussels in its basal diet, and Group 3 was consumed 45% dried mussels in its basal diet. The biochemical parameters showed improvements in liver function. Interestingly, the lipid profile decreased, especially the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels which were reduced significantly in Group 3 (p < .01). These observations were accompanied by a decrease in iron levels significantly as the amount of dried mussels increased (p < .01). Furthermore, the noticed changes in the hematological profile prove that there is an increase in antithrombotic activity. Dried mussels had potent antioxidant effects in the liver as shown by increased lipid peroxide (p < .05), reduced glutathione (p < .05), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px; p < .05). Additionally, antioxidant activity in the kidney was shown to increase through GSH-Px activity (p < .01). In conclusion, these results indicate that consuming dried mussels resulted in improved biochemical and antioxidants activities and could be used as an antithrombotic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Aldairi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Alyamani
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Hazmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Alsubaihi
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A Fallatah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Gassas
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem A Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Banni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alkhanabashi
- Serafi Chair of Coronary Heart Disease, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Greenshell™ Mussels: A Review of Veterinary Trials and Future Research Directions. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5020036. [PMID: 29584640 PMCID: PMC6024869 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of Greenshell™ mussel (GSM; Perna canaliculus) preparations have been studied using in vitro test systems, animal models, and human clinical trials focusing mainly on anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Activity is thought to be linked to key active ingredients that include omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a variety of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds. In this paper, we review the studies that have been undertaken in dogs, cats, and horses, and outline new research directions in shellfish breeding and high-value nutrition research programmes targeted at enhancing the efficacy of mussel and algal extracts. The addition of GSM to animal diets has alleviated feline degenerative joint disease and arthritis symptoms, and chronic orthopaedic pain in dogs. In horses, GSM extracts decreased the severity of lameness and joint pain and provided improved joint flexion in limbs with lameness attributed to osteoarthritis. Future research in this area should focus on elucidating the key active ingredients in order to link concentrations of these active ingredients with their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects. This would enable consistent and improved efficacy from GSM-based products for the purpose of improved animal health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Han ZM, Wang X, Xu MM, Wang YH, Yang LM, Han M. Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Rapid Resolution LC-MS/ESI Identification of Chromones from Saposhnikoviae Radix through Orthogonal Array Design. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Wikarta JM, Kim SM. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition and cytotoxicity of Korean horse mussel Modiolus modiolus extracts on cancer cells in culture. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:879-90. [PMID: 25875500 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean horse mussel extract was purified and fractionated by a bioassay-guided purification step. The final fraction contained seven steroid and one polycyclic aromatic compounds, in which cholest-7-en-3-ol, (3β,5α)- (58.7 %) was a main component followed by ergosta-7,22dien-3-ol (3β,5α,22E) (13.0 %). This extract exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity determined solely through the nitric oxide inhibition assay in a dose-dependant manner with the IC50 value of 9.6 µg/mL and no cytotoxic effect on the macrophages. Moreover, it also exhibited strong cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 21.4, 36.4, and 37.1 µg/mL against AGS, DLD-1, and HeLa cells, respectively. These results indicated that the horse mussel extract might be a functional ingredient in the prevention of inflammation and human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumeri Mangun Wikarta
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Kim
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-702, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perna canaliculus (Green-Lipped Mussel): Bioactive Components and Therapeutic Evaluation for Chronic Health Conditions. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 2015; 70:91-132. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0927-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on chronic arthritis in rats. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:568-88. [PMID: 24473164 PMCID: PMC3944504 DOI: 10.3390/md12020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on adjuvant-induced (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. AIA and CIA rats that received hard-shelled mussel lipid extract (HMLE group) at a dose of 100 mg/kg demonstrated significantly lower paw swelling and arthritic index, but higher body weight gain than those which received olive oil (control group). Similar results were found in arthritic rats that received New Zealand green-lipped mussel lipid extract (GMLE) at the same dosage. The levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the serum, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ankle joint synovial fluids of HMLE group rats were significantly lower than those of control group. However, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in HMLE group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. Decreased mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP13, but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were observed in the knee joint synovium tissues of HMLE group rats when compared with the control group. No hepatotoxicity was observed in both HMLE and GMLE group rats. The present results indicated that HMLE had a similarly strong anti-inflammatory activity as GMLE. Such a strong efficacy could result from the suppression of inflammatory mediators (LTB4, PGE2, TXB2), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) and MMPs (MMP1, MMP13), and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and TIMPs (TIMP1) productions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Grienke U, Silke J, Tasdemir D. Bioactive compounds from marine mussels and their effects on human health. Food Chem 2013; 142:48-60. [PMID: 24001811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of marine mussels as popular seafood has increased steadily over the past decades. Awareness of mussel derived molecules, that promote health, has contributed to extensive research efforts in that field. This review highlights the bioactive potential of mussel components from species of the genus Mytilus (e.g. M. edulis) and Perna (e.g. P. canaliculus). In particular, the bioactivity related to three major chemical classes of mussel primary metabolites, i.e. proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, is evaluated. Within the group of proteins the focus is mainly on mussel peptides e.g. those obtained by bio-transformation processes, such as fermentation. In addition, mussel lipids, comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are discussed as compounds that are well known for prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Within the third group of carbohydrates, mussel polysaccharides are investigated. Furthermore, the importance of monitoring the mussel as food material in respect to contaminations with natural toxins produced by microalgae is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grienke
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perna canaliculus lipid complex PCSO-524™ demonstrated pain relief for osteoarthritis patients benchmarked against fish oil, a randomized trial, without placebo control. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1920-35. [PMID: 23739042 PMCID: PMC3721214 DOI: 10.3390/md11061920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) typically generates pain, reduced mobility and reduced quality of life. Most conventional treatments for osteoarthritis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and simple analgesics, have side effects. PCSO-524™, a non polar lipid extract from the New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and has been shown to reduce inflammation in both animal studies and patient trials. This OA trial examined pain relief changes in relation to quality of life and safety of use for OA patients who took PCSO-524™ compared with patients who took fish oil (containing an industry standard EPA-18% and DHA-12% blend). PCSO-524™ patients showed a statistically significant improvement compared with patients who took fish oil. There was an 89% decrease in their pain symptoms and 91% reported an improved quality of life. Patients treated with fish oil showed significantly less improvement and a greater level of physical discomfort during the study. These results suggest that PCSO-524™ might offer a potential alternative complementary therapy with no side effects for OA patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of novel marine nutraceuticals on IL-1α-mediated TNF-α release from UVB-irradiated human melanocyte-derived cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2011:728645. [PMID: 21961050 PMCID: PMC3179886 DOI: 10.1155/2011/728645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UV-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species formation are involved in the development of melanoma. Natural products like 5β-scymnol and CO2-supercritical fluid extract (CO2-SFE) of mussel oil contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may aid in reducing the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Therefore, their effect on the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), from UVB-irradiated human melanocytic cells was examined. Human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and MM96L melanoma cells were exposed to UVB radiation and IL-1α. Cell viability and TNF-α levels were determined 24 hours after-irradiation while p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was observed at 15 min after-irradiation. When α-tocopherol, CO2-SFE mussel oil, and 5β-scymnol were added to the UVB-irradiated HEM cells treated with IL-1α, TNF-α levels fell by 53%, 65%, and 76%, respectively, while no inhibition was evident in MM96L cells. This effect was not due to inhibition of the intracellular p38 MAPK signalling pathway. These compounds may be useful in preventing inflammation-induced damage to normal melanocytes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Doggrell SA. Lyprinol-is it a useful anti-inflammatory agent? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:307121. [PMID: 19383840 PMCID: PMC3163099 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand green lipped mussel preparation Lyprinol is available without a prescription from a supermarket, pharmacy or Web. The Food and Drug Administration have recently warned Lyprinol USA about their extravagant anti-inflammatory claims for Lyprinol appearing on the web. These claims are put to thorough review. Lyprinol does have anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and has anti-inflammatory effects in some animal models of inflammation. Lyprinol may have benefits in dogs with arthritis. There are design problems with the clinical trials of Lyprinol in humans as an anti-inflammatory agent in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, making it difficult to give a definite answer to how effective Lyprinol is in these conditions, but any benefit is small. Lyprinol also has a small benefit in atopic allergy. As anti-inflammatory agents, there is little to choose between Lyprinol and fish oil. No adverse effects have been reported with Lyprinol. Thus, although it is difficult to conclude whether Lyprinol does much good, it can be concluded that Lyprinol probably does no major harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McPhee S, Hodges LD, Wright PFA, Wynne PM, Kalafatis N, Macrides TA. Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Mytilus edulis fatty acids on adjuvant-induced arthritis in male Wistar rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 82:97-103. [PMID: 20074924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich fractions from the flesh tissue of Mytilus edulis were obtained by solvent extraction and chromatographic separation, and tested for anti-inflammatory (AI) activity in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of leukotriene production by isolated human neutrophils in response to calcium ionophore stimulation in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid substrate was demonstrated for the hydrolysed triglyceride fraction of the crude lipid extract. This fraction was subsequently tested for in vivo AI activity using the mycobacterial adjuvant-induced polyarthritis rat model. The hydrolysed triglyceride fraction showed significant AI activity when dosed therapeutically (10 mg/kg BW/day, p.o., for 6 days from the onset of arthritis), decreasing body weight loss by 55% and hind paw swelling by 65% compared to the arthritic control. The (non-hydrolysed) crude lipid extract was effective when dosed prophylactically (30 mg/kg BW/day, p.o., for 16 days starting on day -2 of arthritigen inoculation). Structural analysis by GC and GC-MS revealed in the extracts an abundance of EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) (37% of total fatty acids), along with a small quantity of a rare anti-inflammatory n-3 analogue of arachidonic acid, namely 7, 11, 14, 17-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McPhee
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ulbricht C, Chao W, Costa D, Nguyen Y, Seamon E, Weissner W. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2009; 6:54-90. [DOI: 10.1080/19390210802690191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|