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Transcriptome Analysis of Immune Responses and Metabolic Regulations of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) against Edwardsiella tarda Infection. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important aquatic species in southern China that is threatened by many serious diseases. Edwardsiella tarda is one of the highly pathogenic bacteria that cause the white abdominal shell disease. Yet, little is known about the immune and metabolic responses of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle against E. tarda infection. In the paper, gene expression profiles in the turtle liver were obtained to study the immune responses and metabolic regulations induced by E. tarda infection using RNA sequencing. A total of 3908 differentially expressed unigenes between the experimental group and the control group were obtained by transcriptome analysis, among them, were the significantly upregulated unigenes and downregulated unigenes 2065 and 1922, respectively. Further annotation and analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, phagosome, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways, indicating that they were mainly associated with defense mechanisms in the turtle liver against E. tarda four days post infection. For the first time, we reported on the gene profile of anti-E. tarda response in the soft-shelled turtle, and our research might provide valuable data to support further study on anti-E. tarda defense mechanisms in turtles
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Nagasawa T, Kawaguchi M, Nishi K, Yasumasu S. Molecular evolution of hatching enzymes and their paralogous genes in vertebrates. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:9. [PMID: 35109790 PMCID: PMC8812170 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hatching is identified as one of the most important events in the reproduction of oviparous vertebrates. The genes for hatching enzymes, which are vital in the hatching process, are conserved among vertebrates. However, especially in teleost, it is difficult to trace their molecular evolution in detail due to the presence of other C6astacins, which are the subfamily to which the genes for hatching enzymes belong and are highly diverged. In particular, the hatching enzyme genes are diversified with frequent genome translocations due to retrocopy. RESULTS In this study, we took advantage of the rapid expansion of whole-genome data in recent years to examine the molecular evolutionary process of these genes in vertebrates. The phylogenetic analysis and the genomic synteny analysis revealed C6astacin genes other than the hatching enzyme genes, which was previously considered to be retained only in teleosts, was also retained in the genomes of basal ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, and cartilaginous fishes. These results suggest that the common ancestor of these genes can be traced back to at least the common ancestor of the Gnathostomata. Moreover, we also found that many of the C6astacin genes underwent multiple gene duplications during vertebrate evolution, and the results of gene expression analysis in frogs implied that genes derived from hatching enzyme genes underwent neo-functionalization. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we describe in detail the molecular evolution of the C6astacin gene in vertebrates, which has not been summarized previously. The results revealed the presence of the previously unknown C6astacin gene in the basal-lineage of jawed vertebrates and large-scale gene duplication of hatching enzyme genes in amphibians. The comprehensive investigation reported in this study will be an important basis for studying the molecular evolution of the vertebrate C6astacin genes, hatching enzyme, and its paralogous genes and for identifying these genes without the need for gene expression and functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Kohki Nishi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan.
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Hermyt M, Metscher B, Rupik W. Do all geckos hatch in the same way? Histological and
3D
studies of egg tooth morphogenesis in the geckos
Eublepharis macularius
Blyth 1854 and
Lepidodactylus lugubris
Duméril & Bibron 1836. J Morphol 2020; 281:1313-1327. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Hermyt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland
| | - Brian Metscher
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland
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Langer SV, Kapron CM, Davy CM. Abnormal persistence of the chorioallantoic membrane is associated with severe developmental abnormalities in freshwater turtles. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development in oviparous reptiles requires the correct formation and function of extra-embryonic membranes in the egg. In 2017, we incubated 2583 eggs from five species of freshwater turtle during a long-term ecological study and opened eggs that failed to hatch. We described a previously unreported developmental anomaly: the retention of an extra-embryonic membrane around 7 turtles (1 Spiny Softshell Turtle (Apalone spinifera (Le Sueur, 1827)), 1 Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)), and 5 Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur, 1817))) that were alive but unhatched >14 days after their clutch mates had emerged. We investigated the association between retention of this membrane and the exhibition of other developmental deformities of varying severity, and we tested whether this novel abnormality was associated with reduced fertility or hatching success in affected clutches. Consultation of ∼150 years of literature suggests that we observed persistence of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM; also called the chorioallantois). Our data suggest that clutches where at least one turtle exhibits a persistent CAM may also exhibit slightly reduced fertility or hatch success in the rest of the clutch compared with conspecific clutches that do not contain this anomaly. Future research should investigate the factors predicting CAM retention and other developmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Langer
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Carolyn M. Kapron
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
- Biology Department, Trent University, 2089 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Christina M. Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
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Nagasawa T, Kawaguchi M, Yano T, Sano K, Okabe M, Yasumasu S. Evolutionary Changes in the Developmental Origin of Hatching Gland Cells in Basal Ray-Finned Fishes. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:272-81. [PMID: 27268981 DOI: 10.2108/zs150183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hatching gland cells (HGCs) originate from different germ layers between frogs and teleosts, although the hatching enzyme genes are orthologous. Teleostei HGCs differentiate in the mesoendodermal cells at the anterior end of the involved hypoblast layer (known as the polster) in late gastrula embryos. Conversely, frog HGCs differentiate in the epidermal cells at the neural plate border in early neurula embryos. To infer the transition in the developmental origin of HGCs, we studied two basal ray-finned fishes, bichir (Polypterus) and sturgeon. We observed expression patterns of their hatching enzyme (HE) and that of three transcription factors that are critical for HGC differentiation: KLF17 is common to both teleosts and frogs; whereas FoxA3 and Pax3 are specific to teleosts and frogs, respectively. We then inferred the transition in the developmental origin of HGCs. In sturgeon, the KLF17, FoxA3, and HE genes were expressed during the tailbud stage in the cell mass at the anterior region of the body axis, a region corresponding to the polster in teleost embryos. In contrast, the bichir was suggested to possess both teleost- and amphibian-type HGCs, i.e. the KLF17 and FoxA3 genes were expressed in the anterior cell mass corresponding to the polster, and the KLF17, Pax3 and HE genes were expressed in dorsal epidermal layer of the head. The change in developmental origin is thought to have occurred during the evolution of basal ray-finned fish, because bichir has two HGCs, while sturgeon only has the teleost-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagasawa
- 1 Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- 1 Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Tohru Yano
- 2 Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbasi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- 2 Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbasi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- 1 Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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Nagasawa T, Kawaguchi M, Sano K, Yasumasu S. Sturgeon hatching enzyme and the mechanism of egg envelope digestion: Insight into changes in the mechanism of egg envelope digestion during the evolution of ray-finned fish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:720-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagasawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama; Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
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Nakazawa S, Shirae-Kurabayashi M, Otsuka K, Sawada H. Proteomics of ionomycin-induced ascidian sperm reaction: Released and exposed sperm proteins in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Proteomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nakazawa
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Sugashima Toba Japan
| | - Maki Shirae-Kurabayashi
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Sugashima Toba Japan
| | - Kei Otsuka
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Sugashima Toba Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sawada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Sugashima Toba Japan
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Bu X, Liu L, Nie L. Genetic diversity and population differentiation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) in three geographical populations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cyran N, Staedler Y, Schönenberger J, Klepal W, von Byern J. Hatching glands in cephalopods – A comparative study. ZOOL ANZ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Huang HL, Huang LT, Cheng YS. A novel SNP marker of ovalbumin gene in association with duck hatchability. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1218-1223.e1. [PMID: 23528974 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous transcriptome analysis using a cDNA microarray identified differentially-expressed transcripts in Tsaiya ducks (Anas platyrhynchos); we concluded that the ovalbumin gene might be involved in duck hatchability. In the present study, associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of the duck ovalbumin gene with hatchability were investigated. To confirm the cDNA microarray analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to validate ovalbumin gene expression. The messenger RNA and protein expression of the ovalbumin gene were higher (P < 0.05) in the low-hatchability group (1.00 ± 0.19; 30.36 ± 3.51 arbitrary units) than in high-hatchability counterparts (0.56 ± 0.07; 8.53 ± 2.97 arbitrary units), consistent with the previous cDNA microarray analysis. The PCR products (506 base pairs) of ovalbumin gene amplified by the primer pair of TovaF and TovaR from the genomic DNA templates of 10 ducks were sequenced and a g.385 C>T SNP site in the 506-base pair sequence of the ovalbumin gene identified. Genotyping of SNP of 187 ducks was then carried out by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism and minisequencing methods. Based on SNP genotypes of the duck ovalbumin gene, there were three types: CC, TT, and CT. Birds with the CC and TT genotypes had higher hatchability (79.59 ± 3.40, 76.35 ± 1.77) (P < 0.05) than those with a CT genotype (65.77 ± 2.07). In conclusion, the ovalbumin gene was an important candidate gene that can be used for marker-assisted selection to increase hatchability in Tsaiya ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Lin Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, MingDao University, Pettow, ChangHua, Taiwan.
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Sano K, Kawaguchi M, Yoshikawa M, Kaneko T, Tanaka T, Iuchi I, Yasumasu S. Hatching enzyme of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the possible evolution of the egg envelope digestion mechanism. FEBS J 2011; 278:3711-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kawaguchi M, Hiroi J, Miya M, Nishida M, Iuchi I, Yasumasu S. Intron-loss evolution of hatching enzyme genes in Teleostei. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:260. [PMID: 20796321 PMCID: PMC2939575 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hatching enzyme, belonging to the astacin metallo-protease family, digests egg envelope at embryo hatching. Orthologous genes of the enzyme are found in all vertebrate genomes. Recently, we found that exon-intron structures of the genes were conserved among tetrapods, while the genes of teleosts frequently lost their introns. Occurrence of such intron losses in teleostean hatching enzyme genes is an uncommon evolutionary event, as most eukaryotic genes are generally known to be interrupted by introns and the intron insertion sites are conserved from species to species. Here, we report on extensive studies of the exon-intron structures of teleostean hatching enzyme genes for insight into how and why introns were lost during evolution. Results We investigated the evolutionary pathway of intron-losses in hatching enzyme genes of 27 species of Teleostei. Hatching enzyme genes of basal teleosts are of only one type, which conserves the 9-exon-8-intron structure of an assumed ancestor. On the other hand, otocephalans and euteleosts possess two types of hatching enzyme genes, suggesting a gene duplication event in the common ancestor of otocephalans and euteleosts. The duplicated genes were classified into two clades, clades I and II, based on phylogenetic analysis. In otocephalans and euteleosts, clade I genes developed a phylogeny-specific structure, such as an 8-exon-7-intron, 5-exon-4-intron, 4-exon-3-intron or intron-less structure. In contrast to the clade I genes, the structures of clade II genes were relatively stable in their configuration, and were similar to that of the ancestral genes. Expression analyses revealed that hatching enzyme genes were high-expression genes, when compared to that of housekeeping genes. When expression levels were compared between clade I and II genes, clade I genes tends to be expressed more highly than clade II genes. Conclusions Hatching enzyme genes evolved to lose their introns, and the intron-loss events occurred at the specific points of teleostean phylogeny. We propose that the high-expression hatching enzyme genes frequently lost their introns during the evolution of teleosts, while the low-expression genes maintained the exon-intron structure of the ancestral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kawaguchi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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