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Uju CN, Unniappan S. Growth factors and female reproduction in vertebrates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112091. [PMID: 37863469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive efficiency is influenced by the outcomes of various processes, including folliculogenesis, apoptosis, response to gonadotropin signaling, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. The role of hormones in regulating these processes and other reproductive activities has been well established. It is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to well-characterized hormones, growth factors play vital roles in regulating some of these reproductive activities. Growth factors and their receptors are widely distributed in vertebrate ovaries at different stages of ovarian development, indicating their involvement in intraovarian reproductive functions. In the ovary, cell surface receptors allow growth factors to regulate intraovarian reproductive activities. Understanding these actions in the reproductive axis would provide a tool to target growth factors and/or their receptors to yield desirable reproductive outcomes. These include enrichment of in vitro maturation and fertilization culture media, and management of infertility. This review discusses some widely characterized growth factors belonging to the TGF, EGF, IGF, FGF, and BDNF family of peptides and their role in female reproduction in vertebrates, with a focus on mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinelo N Uju
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Deng P, Dai C, Wu M, Liu X, Li L, Pan X, Yuan J. Investigation of putative antimicrobial peptides in Carassius gibel, revealing a practical approach to screening antimicrobials. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:254-264. [PMID: 34990806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimics are rapidly gaining attention as a new class of antimicrobials due to their clinical potential. AMPs are widely distributed throughout nature and participate in the innate host defense. In this study, 18 AMPs, including 3 β-defensins, 3 hepcidins, 4 liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) compounds, 4 g-type lysozymes, 2 c-type lysozymes, and 2 NK-lysins, were identified from the genome of Carassius auratus by a homologous search and were further classified based on their fundamental structural features and molecular phylogeny. C. auratus AMPs were found to be ubiquitously distributed in all tested tissues and showed similar expression profiles, with the exception of β-defensins, when RT-qPCR was used to investigate the tissue distribution of AMPs in healthy Carassius gibel. In addition, the expression levels of NK-lysin genes in the tested tissues tended to be upregulated upon bacterial and viral infection when representative NK-lysins were chosen to examine their relative expression levels in various tissues. Importantly, the synthetic peptide caNKL2102-119, which targets the functional domain of saposin B in caNK-lysins, could effectively counter Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3-6 μg/mL, as well as inhibit the proliferation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). These results provide potential targets for antibiotic-free breeding in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Deng
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Shi R, Li X, Cheng P, Yang Q, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang N. Characterization of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic factor 15 in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis): Sex-biased expression pattern and promoter regulation. Theriogenology 2022; 182:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yu H, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Cheng J, Zhang Q. Growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15) are potential intraovarian regulators of steroidogenesis in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 297:113547. [PMID: 32659273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily are vital regulators during the development of fish ovary. However, its intraovarian functions in teleost are still unclear. As members of the TGF-β superfamily, gdf9 and bmp15 are necessary for follicle formation and granulosa cell proliferation. Here in Japanese flounder, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis showed that gdf9 and bmp15 were mainly expressed in oogonia and oocytes, whereas weakly expressed in non-ovarian tissues. Overexpression of single gdf9 and the co-overexpression with bmp15 could up-regulate the expression of most steroidogenic genes, while the overexpression of single bmp15 could down-regulate the expression of most steroidogenic genes. These findings demonstrate that single gdf9 and the combination with bmp15 may act as "activator", while single bmp15 may act as "inhibitor" in the process of steroidogenesis in flounder. This was also verified in negative feedback regulation of gdf9 and bmp15 during hormone treatment. High concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) could down-regulate gdf9 and up-regulate bmp15, which were beneficial for the homeostasis of hCG hormone. Besides, knockdown of either gdf9 or bmp15 could significantly down-regulate most steroidogenic genes. This indicated that heterodimer of GDF9:BMP15 might be the most bioactive ligand in gonad development of flounder. Taken together, our study provided a novel recognition that gdf9 and bmp15 could regulate steroidogenesis in teleost through mechanism different from that in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Y, Xue W, Long R, Yang H, Wei W. Acetochlor affects zebrafish ovarian development by producing estrogen effects and inducing oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27688-27696. [PMID: 32394252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide and widely distributed in the water environment. However, studies on the reproductive influence of acetochlor are still limited. To investigate the impact and potential mechanism of acetochlor on fish ovarian development, zebrafish were utilized as experiment models. The ovarian histology, ovarian development-related genes, and plasma oxidative stress-related indexes were investigated following acetochlor (at nominal concentration 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) exposure for 7 and 21 days. Results showed that low-dose acetochlor had estrogen effect and induced zebrafish estradiol (E2) and ovarian vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis and promoted ovarian development, while long-term exposure to higher doses of acetochlor reduced the ability of ovarian resistance to oxidative stress and destroyed the development of the ovary. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) were also involved in the influence of acetochlor on the ovarian development of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runze Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Tripathy M, Priyam M, Rai U. Repertoire of bone morphogenetic proteins and growth/differentiation factors in ovary of the Indian wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) with emphasis on differential expression and gonadotropic regulation of bmp15 and gdf9. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 253:13-24. [PMID: 28837789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of ovarian transcriptome of Indian wall lizard demonstrates the existence of several bone morphogenetic proteins (bmp1, 2, 3, 3b, 7, 8, 15) and growth/differentiation factors (gdf5, 9) for the first time in reptilian ovary. The characterization of putative full-length/partial protein sequences of BMPs (BMP2, 3, 3b, 7, 15) and GDF9 showed high homology of their TGF-β domain with that of other vertebrates while BMP1 bore homology to zinc-dependent metalloprotease. Phylogenetic analyses showed clustering of BMPs and GDF9 from wall lizards with that of squamates lying in close proximity to chelonia, crocodilia and aves. This study also correlates the expression of ovarian bmp15 and gdf9 with folliculogenesis. Level of bmp15 dramatically increased with the onset of follicular growth in early recrudescence and attained peak during late recrudescence whereas gdf9 sharply decreased during recrudescence as compared to regression. Nonetheless, expression of these growth factors decreased appreciably with the formation of vitellogenic follicle during breeding phase. Ovarian expression of bmp15 and gdf9 appeared to be regulated by gonadotropin as bmp15 considerably increased while gdf9 decreased in parallel to follicular development after administration of 3 injections of FSH. Expression of both the growth factors declined with the prolongation of treatment that led to formation of early/late vitellogenic follicle. Our in vitro study revealed stimulatory effect of FSH on expression of bmp15 and gdf9 in early growing, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic follicles. In light of in vitro results, FSH-induced in vivo decline in gene expression seems to be due to some other FSH-induced factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Tripathy
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Manisha Priyam
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Comparative Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Robust gdf9 and bmp15 expression in the oocytes of ovotestes through the Figla-independent pathway in the hermaphroditic black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186991. [PMID: 29073214 PMCID: PMC5658113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 1,500 fish species are hermaphroditic, but no hermaphroditic lineage appears to be evolutionarily ancient in fishes. Thus, whether more than one sex at a time was present during the evolutionary shift from gonochorism to hermaphroditism in fishes is an intriguing question. Ectopic oocytes were created in the ovotestes of protandrous black porgy via the withdrawal of estradiol (E2) administration. These ectopic oocytes reprogrammed the surrounding cells, which changed from Sertoli cells to follicle-like cells. We observed that gdf9 and bmp15 expression was localized in the primary oocytes and gradually decreased after oocytes entered a secondary oocyte stage. Robust expression of gdf9 and bmp15 in ectopic oocytes was associated with the surrounding Sertoli cells. However, blocking Cyp19a1a activity and increasing androgen levels did not stimulate the expression of gdf9 and bmp15. Thus, the robust gdf9 and bmp15 expression was not related to the inappropriate male microenvironment. Furthermore, in vitro data demonstrated that gdf9 and bmp15 were not downstream genes of Figla signaling. Therefore, our results suggest that there are two independent mechanisms, a Figla-dependent pathway and a Figla-independent pathway, by which oocyte-surrounding cells are altered from a male somatic fate to a female somatic fate. This functional switch might clarify how oocytes created an appropriate microenvironment during the transition from the ancient gonochorism to the present hermaphroditism.
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Kleppe L, Edvardsen RB, Furmanek T, Andersson E, Juanchich A, Wargelius A. bmp15l,figla,smc1bl, andlarp6lare preferentially expressed in germ cells in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 84:76-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Palomino J, Herrera G, Dettleff P, Martínez V. Growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 expression in previtellogenic oocytes and during early embryonic development of Yellow-tail Kingfish Seriola lalandi. Biol Res 2014; 47:60. [PMID: 25723449 PMCID: PMC4335437 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During fish oocyte maturation, specific molecules are expressed and accumulated within oocyte until fertilization and embryo development. Special attention have been paid in members of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily; growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9/gdf9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15/bmp15), which exert regulatory functions during oocyte maturation and follicle development. However, little attention has been paid to the involvement of these molecules during embryogenesis considering its importance for the formation of a good quality egg and subsequent embryo survival. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of gdf9 and bmp15 in previtellogenic oocytes and during early embryonic development in Seriola lalandi, a pelagic fish with increasing prospect for its aquaculture development, which however, show high mortality at embryo and larval stages. Results Through RT-qPCR it was found that gdf9 expression was higher in previtellogenic oocytes decreasing after ovulation. This expression profile agrees with its participation in early stages of the follicular development. The transcripts for bmp15 also showed the highest levels in previtellogenic oocytes, however this expression was lower than obtained with gdf9. Conversely, in recently spawned oocytes mRNA bmp15 levels were highest than observed to gdf9. This, is consequent with the main role proposed for this growth factor at the final fish oocyte maturation: avoid the ovulation of an immature oocyte. During embryo development, low levels of mRNA were detected to gdf9, with an increase in 48 H post-fertilization embryos. The bmp15 expression did not change throughout development and was higher than gdf9 at 16 cells, blastula and appearance embryos stages. Conclusions Both (gdf9 and bmp15) expression profiles in previtellogenic oocytes and newly spawned eggs are consistent with the described functions for these growth factors in vertebrate ovarian physiology in early and late stages of the follicular development. So, these genes could be considered as quality biomarkers at these stages. However, further studies of these proteins throughout folliculogenesis, are necessaries to fully understand their functions during the oocyte formation. In addition, the persistent expression of these growth factors during development, allows us to speculate possible roles in embryonic processes, which must also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Palomino
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,Avda.La Pintana, University of Chile, SantiagoSanta Rosa, 11735, Chile.
| | - Giannina Herrera
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,Avda.La Pintana, University of Chile, SantiagoSanta Rosa, 11735, Chile.
| | - Phillip Dettleff
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,Avda.La Pintana, University of Chile, SantiagoSanta Rosa, 11735, Chile.
| | - Víctor Martínez
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,Avda.La Pintana, University of Chile, SantiagoSanta Rosa, 11735, Chile.
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Zhang Y, Yuan C, Qin F, Hu G, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of gdf9 and bmp15 genes in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus and their expression upon bisphenol A exposure in adult females. Gene 2014; 546:214-21. [PMID: 24914497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (Bmp15) are members of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily that plays important roles in regulating ovarian functions. We cloned the cDNAs of gdf9 and bmp15 in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. The full length cDNAs of gdf9 and bmp15 were 1999 and 1721 bp, encoding 431 and 384 amino acids respectively. They both contained conserved TGFβ superfamily domain, with six conserved cysteine residues. Tissue distribution showed that both gdf9 and bmp15 are highly expressed in the G. rarus ovary. Following bisphenol A (BPA) treatment, ovarian transcripts of gdf9 and bmp15 together with the gonadosomatic index and the ovarian histology were altered. It suggests that the altered gdf9 and bmp15 expression may play roles in the weight gain and abnormal development of the ovary following BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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