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Santos MPF, de Souza Junior EC, Villadóniga C, Vallés D, Castro-Sowinski S, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM. Proteases: Importance, Immobilization Protocols, Potential of Activated Carbon as Support, and the Importance of Modifying Supports for Immobilization. BIOTECH 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38804295 PMCID: PMC11130871 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although enzymes have been used for thousands of years, their application in industrial processes has gained importance since the 20th century due to technological and scientific advances in several areas, including biochemistry [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Pereira Flores Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos (PPGBBM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Evaldo Cardozo de Souza Junior
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Carolina Villadóniga
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Diego Vallés
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Cristiane Martins Veloso
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
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2
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Medina DM, Acevedo-Gomez AV, Pellegrini Malpiedi L, Leiva LC. Biochemical characterization of acid proteases from the stomach of palometa (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner 1858) with potential industrial application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130548. [PMID: 38431015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pepsin is one of the major enzymes with significant importance in the food industry, biomedicines, and pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, the main objective was to biochemically characterize a pepsin-like enzymatic extract obtained from Pygocentrus nattereri, a predatory freshwater fish, focusing on their potential industrial application. The obtained extract exhibited optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 1.0-2.0. These proteases remained stable after 2 h of incubation at temperatures ranging from 0° to 45 °C and within pH range of 1.0 to 7.0. Their activity was significantly affected in presence of pepstatin A and SDS, 10 μM and 3.46 mM respectively, while EDTA and PMSF showed partial inhibitory effects. Divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) did not inhibit the proteolytic activity of the extract; in fact, it improved at a 5 mM CaCl2 concentration. As the NaCl concentration increased, the enzyme activity decreased. However, after desalination, 90 % of the activity was recovered within the tested exposure time. Besides, this extract demonstrated exceptional versatility across diverse industrial applications, including collagen extraction augmentation, IgG hydrolysis facilitation, and silver and polyester recovery from X-ray films. Our results suggest that the obtained enzymatic extract has a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), CONICET-UNR, Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - A V Acevedo-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - L Pellegrini Malpiedi
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), CONICET-UNR, Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - L C Leiva
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
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3
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Rankins DR, Herrera MJ, Christensen MP, Chen A, Hood NZ, Heras J, German DP. When digestive physiology doesn't match "diet": Lumpenus sagitta (Stichaeidae) is an "omnivore" with a carnivorous gut. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111508. [PMID: 37625480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
What an animal ingests and what it digests can be different. Thus, we examined the nutritional physiology of Lumpenus sagitta, a member of the family Stichaeidae, to better understand whether it could digest algal components like its better studied algivorous relatives. Although L. sagitta ingests considerable algal content, we found little evidence of algal digestion. This fish species has a short gut that doesn't show positive allometry with body size, low amylolytic activity that actually decreases as the fish grow, no ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme gene expression, elevated N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity (indicative of chitin breakdown), and an enteric microbial community that is consistent with carnivory and differs from members of its family that consume and digest algae. Hence, we are left concluding that L. sagitta is not capable of digesting the algae it consumes, and instead, are likely targeting epibionts on the algae itself, and other invertebrates consumed with the algae. Our study expands the coverage of dietary and digestive information for the family Stichaeidae, which is becoming a model for fish digestive physiology and genomics, and shows the power of moving beyond gut content analyses to better understand what an animal can actually digest and use metabolically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rankins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA.
| | - Michelle J Herrera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Michelle P Christensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Alisa Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Newton Z Hood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Joseph Heras
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
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4
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Silva MKS, Silva TA, Silva JAF, Costa LDA, Leal MLE, Bezerra RS, Costa HMS, Freitas-Júnior ACV. Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833) stomach: a source of aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234413. [PMID: 34105658 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscera and other residues from fish processing are commonly discarded by the fishing industry. These by-products can be a source of digestive enzymes with industrial and biotechnological potential. In this study, we aimed at the extraction, characterization, and application of acidic proteases from the stomach of Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833). A crude extract from the stomachs was obtained and submitted to a partial purification process by salting-out, which obtained a Purified Extract (PE) with a specific proteolytic activity of 54.0 U⋅mg-1. A purification of 1.9 fold and a yield of 41% were obtained. The PE presents two isoforms of acidic proteases and a maximum proteolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 2.0. The PE acidic proteolytic activity was stable in the pH range of 1.5 to 7.0 and temperature from 25 °C to 50 °C. Purified Extract kept 35% of its proteolytic activity at the presence of NaCl 15% (m/v) but was totally inhibited by pepstatin A. Purified Extract aspartic proteases presented high activity in the presence of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Cu2+. The utilization of PE as an enzymatic addictive in the collagen extraction from Nile tilapia scales has doubled the process yield. The results indicate the potential of these aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K S Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T A Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J A F Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L D A Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M L E Leal
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - H M S Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A C V Freitas-Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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5
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Silva JAF, Silva MKS, Silva TA, Costa LDA, Leal MLE, Bezerra RS, Costa HMS, Freitas-Júnior ACV. Obtainment and characterization of digestive aspartic proteases from the fish Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234500. [PMID: 33787732 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain aspartic proteases of industrial and biotechnological interest from the stomach of the crevalle jack fish (Caranx hippos). In order to do so, a crude extract (CE) of the stomach was obtained and subjected to a partial purification by salting-out, which resulted in the enzyme extract (EE) obtainment. EE proteases were characterized physicochemically and by means of zymogram. In addition, the effect of chemical agents on their activity was also assessed. By means of salting-out it was possible to obtain a purification of 1.6 times with a yield of 49.4%. Two acid proteases present in the EE were observed in zymogram. The optimum temperature and thermal stability for EE acidic proteases were 55 ºC and 45 °C, respectively. The optimum pH and pH stability found for these enzymes were pH 1.5 and 7.0, respectively. Total inhibition of EE acid proteolytic activity was observed in the presence of pepstatin A. dithiothreitol (DTT) and Ca2+ did not promote a significant effect on enzyme activity. In the presence of heavy metals, such as Al3+, Cd2+ and Hg2+, EE acidic proteases showed more than 70% of their enzymatic activity. The results show that it is possible to obtain, from the stomach of C. hippos, aspartic proteases with high proteolytic activity and characteristics that demonstrate potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M K S Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T A Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L D A Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M L E Leal
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - H M S Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A C V Freitas-Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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Biochemical characterization of a semi-purified aspartic protease from sea catfish Bagre panamensis with milk-clotting activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1785-1793. [PMID: 31807351 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsin from stomach of Bagre panamensis was semi-purified and biochemically characterized. The acid proteolytic activity and purification fold were 3875 U/mg protein and 91.85, respectively, after purification process. The optimum pH and temperature for semi-purified protease were 2-3 and 65 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity was stable after heating proteases at 50 °C for 120 min, but only 30% residual activity was detected after heating at 65 °C for 30 min. SDS-PAGE analysis showed two proteins bands after dialysis (26.1 and 38.6 kDa). Only the band of 38.6 kDa had proteolytic activity, which was inhibited using pepstatin A. Organic solvents, surfactants and reducing agents affect the proteolytic activity at different extent; however, metal ions or EDTA have no impact on protease activity. The semi-purified protease exhibited milk coagulant activity, with a maximum activity at 45 °C. The obtained results highlight the potential biotechnological use of B. panamensis pepsin.
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Nagasawa T, Sano K, Kawaguchi M, Kobayashi KI, Yasumasu S, Inokuchi T. Purification and molecular cloning of aspartic proteinases from the stomach of adult Japanese fire belly newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster. J Biochem 2016; 159:449-60. [PMID: 26711235 PMCID: PMC4885938 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Six aspartic proteinase precursors, a pro-cathepsin E (ProCatE) and five pepsinogens (Pgs), were purified from the stomach of adult newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster). On sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weights of the Pgs and active enzymes were 37-38 kDa and 31-34 kDa, respectively. The purified ProCatE was a dimer whose subunits were connected by a disulphide bond. cDNA cloning by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that three of the purified Pgs were classified as PgA and the remaining two were classified as PgBC belonging to C-type Pg. Our results suggest that PgBC is one of the major constituents of acid protease in the urodele stomach. We hypothesize that PgBC is an amphibian-specific Pg that diverged during its evolutional lineage. PgBC was purified and characterized for the first time. The purified urodele pepsin A was completely inhibited by equal molar units of pepstatin A. Conversely, the urodele pepsin BC had low sensitivity to pepstatin A. In acidic condition, the activation rates of newt pepsin A and BC were similar to those of mammalian pepsin A and C1, respectively. Our results suggest that the enzymological characters that distinguish A- and C-type pepsins appear to be conserved in mammals and amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagasawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295; and
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554
| | - Tomofumi Inokuchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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Structure, molecular evolution, and hydrolytic specificities of largemouth bass pepsins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 192:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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