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Khalifeh DM, Czeglédi L, Gulyas G. Investigating the potential role of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in regulating the ubiquitin signaling pathway in poultry. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 356:114577. [PMID: 38914296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The physiological processes in animal production are regulated through biologically active molecules like peptides, proteins, and hormones identified through the development of the fundamental sciences and their application. One of the main polypeptides that plays an essential role in regulating physiological responses is the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). PACAP belongs to the glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/vasoactive intestinal proteins (VIP) family and regulates feed intake, stress, and immune response in birds. Most of these regulations occur after PACAP stimulates the cAMP signaling pathway, which can regulate the expression of genes like MuRF1, FOXO1, Atrogin 1, and other ligases that are essential members of the ubiquitin system. On the other hand, PACAP stimulates the secretion of CRH in response to stress, activating the ubiquitin signaling pathway that plays a vital role in protein degradation and regulates oxidative stress and immune responses. Many studies conducted on rodents, mammals, and other models confirm the regulatory effects of PACAP, cAMP, and the ubiquitin pathway; however, there are no studies testing whether PACAP-induced cAMP signaling in poultry regulates the ubiquitin pathway. Besides, it would be interesting to investigate if PACAP can regulate ubiquitin signaling during stress response via CRH altered by HPA axis stimulation. Therefore, this review highlights a summary of research studies that indicate the potential interaction of the PACAP and ubiquitin signaling pathways on different molecular and physiological parameters in poultry species through the cAMP and stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Mohamad Khalifeh
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary; Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyas
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary
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Nawaz AH, Setthaya P, Feng C. Exploring Evolutionary Adaptations and Genomic Advancements to Improve Heat Tolerance in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2215. [PMID: 39123741 PMCID: PMC11311085 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, especially in hot climates that adversely affect chicken growth, development, and productivity through heat stress. This literature review evaluates the evolutionary background of chickens with the specific genetic characteristics that can help chickens to cope with hot conditions. Both natural selection and human interventions have influenced the genetic characteristics of the breeds used in the current poultry production system. The domestication of chickens from the Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) has resulted in the development of various breeds with distinct genetic differences. Over the past few years, deliberate breeding for desirable traits (such as meat production and egg quality) in chickens has resulted in the emergence of various economically valuable breeds. However, this selective breeding has also caused a decrease in the genetic diversity of chickens, making them more susceptible to environmental stressors like heat stress. Consequently, the chicken breeds currently in use may possess a limited ability to adapt to challenging conditions, such as extreme heat. This review focuses on evaluating potential genes and pathways responsible for heat tolerance, including heat shock response, antioxidant defense systems, immune function, and cellular homeostasis. This article will also discuss the physiological and behavioral responses of chicken varieties that exhibit genetic resistance to heat, such as the naked neck and dwarf traits in different indigenous chickens. This article intends to review the current genomic findings related to heat tolerance in chickens that used methods such as the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, offering valuable insights for the sustainability of poultry in the face of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan Nawaz
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Phatthawin Setthaya
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chungang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Mahmood T, Chen J, Yuan J. Age-dependent response to fasting during assessment of metabolizable energy and total tract digestibility in chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101932. [PMID: 35688034 PMCID: PMC9190008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is typically used to empty the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and assess feed metabolizable energy (ME). However, the effects of fasting on energy and nutrient utilization are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the difference in GIT emptying, energy and nutrient utilization of broilers and adult roosters fed corn-soybean meal-based diet upon fasting. In experiment 1, 7 cages of broilers/adult roosters were selected and fasted for 72 h, and excreta were collected from 12 h of fasting and analyzed every 12 h to explore GIT emptying. Results indicated the GIT emptying time of free-feeding broilers or adult roosters is 12 or 24 h, respectively. In experiment 2, 4 treatments were used that consisted of 2 ages of birds (25 d broilers and 30 wk adult roosters) and 2 feeding forms (fed ad libitum or fasted for 36 h before formal feeding). Excreta was collected during refeeding, and the total collection method (TCM) and the index method (IM) were used for data analysis. Compared to non-fasted group, fasting increased the total tract digestibility of ME, gross energy (GE), and ether extract (EE) (by 1.80, 3.50 and 18.56%, respectively, all P < 0.05) in broilers, but decreased the total tract digestibility of nitrogen by 8.10% (P < 0.05). Conversely, fasting increased total tract digestibility of nitrogen in adult roosters (−0.37% vs. 11.65%, P < 0.05). The comparative analysis found that total tract digestibility of nitrogen obtained by TCM was greater than the result calculated by IM (17.76 % vs. −0.37). Similarly, total tract digestibility of GE calculated by TCM was significantly higher than the value observed by IM (P < 0.05). However, the results of total tract digestibility of GE and nitrogen in broilers calculated by TCM were consistent with those obtained by IM. Overall, fasting increases total tract digestibility in broilers and total tract digestibility of nitrogen in adult roosters, respectively. Additionally, total tract digestibility calculated by TCM may be overestimated.
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Tesseraud S, Avril P, Bonnet M, Bonnieu A, Cassar-Malek I, Chabi B, Dessauge F, Gabillard JC, Perruchot MH, Seiliez I. Autophagy in farm animals: current knowledge and future challenges. Autophagy 2021; 17:1809-1827. [PMID: 32686564 PMCID: PMC8386602 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1798064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (a process of cellular self-eating) is a conserved cellular degradative process that plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stresses. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to the role of this cellular function in species of agronomical interest, and the details of how autophagy functions in the development of phenotypes of agricultural interest remain largely unexplored. Here, we first provide a brief description of the main mechanisms involved in autophagy, then review our current knowledge regarding autophagy in species of agronomical interest, with particular attention to physiological functions supporting livestock animal production, and finally assess the potential of translating the acquired knowledge to improve animal development, growth and health in the context of growing social, economic and environmental challenges for agriculture.Abbreviations: AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ASC: adipose-derived stem cells; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BVDV: bovine viral diarrhea virus; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DAP: Death-Associated Protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; Gln: Glutamine; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; IF: immunofluorescence; IVP: in vitro produced; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LMS: lysosomal membrane stability; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MDBK: Madin-Darby bovine kidney; MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NDV: Newcastle disease virus; NECTIN4: nectin cell adhesion molecule 4; NOD1: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; OCD: osteochondritis dissecans; OEC: oviduct epithelial cells; OPTN: optineurin; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; PPRV: peste des petits ruminants virus; RHDV: rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascale Avril
- INRAE, UAR1247 Aquapôle, Saint Pée Sur Nivelle, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- DMEM, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Cassar-Malek
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Frédéric Dessauge
- INRAE, UMR1348 PEGASE, Saint-Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Hélène Perruchot
- INRAE, UMR1348 PEGASE, Saint-Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, Rennes, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Xue G, Cheng S, Yin J, Zhang R, Su Y, Li X, Li J, Bao J. Influence of pre-slaughter fasting time on weight loss, meat quality and carcass contamination in broilers. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1070-1077. [PMID: 33171031 PMCID: PMC8100496 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate fasting time prior to slaughter for broilers in floor-feed and scatter-feed mode. Methods On 21 d since hatching, 120 Arbor Acres broilers were divided into floor-feed and scatter-feed groups, chicks from each group were further assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h. Some resultant indicators such as carcass contamination, body weight loss, meat quality of 54-day-old broilers were measured. Results It appears that longer feed withdrawal increased weight loss, lightness, drop loss of meat but reduced pH. A significant higher weight loss and lightness for both floor-feed and scatter-feed chicks coincided after 6 to 10 h feed withdrawal (p<0.05). pH for breast muscle at 45 min postmortem reduced when chicks of scatter-feed were fasted 6 and 10 h, while the reduction of floor-feed group occurred only in 10 h (p<0.05). A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on drop loss occurred after 10 h fasting in scatter-feed of which drop loss were significantly higher than that for other groups including control (p<0.05). The change of contamination propensity revealed that 6 to 10 h fasting significantly reduced the likelihood of carcass contamination under both floor-feed and scatter-feed (p<0.05). Net weights of intestinal contents for gizzard were significantly reduced after feed deprived for 10 h in floor-feed and 6 and 10 h in scatter-feed (p<0.05). The decrease for whole intestine occurred after floor-feed broilers have been without feed for more than 4 h, scatter-feed broilers for more than 8 h (p<0.05). Conclusion On the premise that poultry product properties and welfare were not significantly damaged, proper fasting time could reduce carcass contamination. Current data implied that 6 h fasting was recommendable for both floor and scatter feed pre-slaughter broilers.
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Payne JA, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Ellestad LE. Delayed access to feed alters gene expression associated with hormonal signaling, cellular differentiation, and protein metabolism in muscle of newly hatch chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113445. [PMID: 32135160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Birds rely solely on utilization of the yolk sac as a means of nutritional support throughout embryogenesis and early post-hatch, before first feeding occurs. Newly hatched broiler (meat-type) chickens are frequently not given immediate access to feed, and this can result in numerous alterations to developmental processes, including those that occur in muscle. The objective of this study was to characterize the gene expression profile of newly hatched chicks' breast muscle with regards to hormonal regulation of growth and metabolism and development and differentiation of muscle tissue, and determine impacts of delayed access to feed on these profiles. Within 3 h of hatch, birds were placed in battery pens and given immediate access to feed (Fed) or delayed access to feed for 48 h (Delayed Fed). Breast muscle collected from male birds at hatch, or 4 h, 1 day (D), 2D, 4D, and 8D after hatch was used for analysis of mRNA expression by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Under fully fed conditions, insulin-like growth factor receptor and leptin receptor mRNA expression decreased as birds aged; however, delayed access to feed resulted in prolonged upregulation of these genes so their mRNA levels were higher in Delayed Fed birds at 2D. These expression profiles suggest that delayed feed access alters sensitivity to hormones that may regulate muscle development. Myogenin, a muscle differentiation factor, showed increasing mRNA expression in Fed birds through 2D, after which expression decreased. A similar expression pattern in Delayed Fed birds was deferred until 4D. Levels of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, increased in Fed birds starting at 2D, while levels in Delayed Fed birds began to increase at 4D. In Fed birds, levels of transcripts for two genes associated with protein catabolism, F-box protein 32 and forkhead box O3, were lower at 2D, while Delayed Fed mRNA levels did not decrease until 4D. Mechanistic target of rapamycin mRNA levels decreased from 1D through 8D in both treatments, except for a transient increase in the Delayed Fed birds between 1D and 2D. These data suggest that within breast muscle, delayed feeding alters hormonal signaling, interrupts tissue differentiation, postpones onset of growth, and may lead to increased protein catabolism. Together, these processes could ultimately contribute to a reduction in proper growth and development of birds not given feed immediately after hatch, and ultimately hinder the long-term potential of muscle accretion in meat type birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Payne
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 110 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, 10300 Baltimore Ave, BARC-East, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 110 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
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Abstract
Autophagy in the skeletal muscle increases under catabolic conditions resulting in muscle atrophy. This study investigated the effect of inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) on autophagy in chick skeletal muscle. We examined the effects of Torin1, an mTOR inhibitor, on autophagy. Chick myotubes were incubated with Torin1 (100 nM) for 3 h. It was observed that Torin1 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1, Thr389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, Thr37/46), which are used for measurement of mTOR activity. Torin1 significantly (P< 0.01) increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an index for autophagosome formation, while it did not influence the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3B, GABARAPL1, and ATG12). In addition, Torin1 increased atrogin-1/MAFbx (a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase) mRNA expression. Fasting for 24 h inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473), S6K1 (Ther389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), and 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) in chick skeletal muscle and significantly (P<0.01) increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Fasting also increased GABARAPL1 and atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression but not LC3B or ATG12 mRNA expression. These results indicate that mTOR signaling regulates autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in chick skeletal muscle.
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8
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Li J, Hu Y, Li L, Wang Y, Li Q, Feng C, Lan H, Gu X, Zhao Y, Larsson M, Hu X, Li N. A Discovery of a Genetic Mutation Causing Reduction of Atrogin-1 Expression in Broiler Chicken Muscle. Front Genet 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31475031 PMCID: PMC6704234 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are bred all over the world and have significant economic value as one of the major agricultural animals. The growth rate of commercial broiler chickens is several times higher than its Red Jungle fowl (RJF) ancestor. To further improve the meat production of commercial chickens, it is quite important to decipher the genetic mechanism of chicken growth traits. In this study, we found that broiler chickens exhibited lower levels of E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx or Atrogin-1) relative to its RJF ancestor. As a ubiquitin ligase, Atrogin-1 plays a crucial role in muscle development in which its up-regulation often indicates the activation of muscle atrophic pathways. Here, we showed that the Atrogin-1 expression variance partly affects chicken muscle growth rates among different breeds. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the reduced expression of Atrogin-1 in broiler chickens was ascribed to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which inhibited the binding of transcription regulators and attenuated the enhancer activity. The decreased Atrogin-1 in broiler chickens suppresses the catabolism of muscle protein and preserves muscle mass. Our study facilitates the understanding of the molecular mechanism of chicken muscle development and has a high translational impact in chicken breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chungang Feng
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - He Lan
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mårten Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Saneyasu T, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Myostatin Increases Smad2 Phosphorylation and Atrogin-1 Expression in Chick Embryonic Myotubes. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:224-230. [PMID: 32055218 PMCID: PMC7005388 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in poultry meat production. In mammals, myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, activates Smad transcription factors and induces the expression of atrogin-1 by regulating the Akt/FOXO pathway. Although the amino acid sequence of chicken myostatin is known to be completely identical to its mammalian counterpart, previous studies in chicken skeletal muscles have implied that the physiological roles of chicken myostatin are different from those of mammals. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated whether myostatin affects cellular signaling factors and atrogin-1 expression. In this study, using chick embryonic myotubes, we found that myostatin significantly increased the phosphorylation rate of Smad2 and mRNA levels of atrogin-1. No significant change was observed in the phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1. These in vitro results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying myostatin-induced expression of atrogin-1 might be different between chickens and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamisoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Saneyasu T, Tsuchii N, Nakano Y, Kitashiro A, Tsuchihashi T, Shindo H, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Effects of short-term fasting on the Akt-mediated pathway involved in protein metabolism in chicken skeletal muscle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 61:54-61. [PMID: 28710921 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we show that short-term (4 h) fasting significantly decreased the levels of protein synthesis-related factors such as the plasma insulin concentration, skeletal muscle pAkt, and pS6 levels in 2-wk-old chickens (P < 0.05). An intravenous injection of insulin significantly elevated the contents of pAkt and p-S6 in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that decreasing the plasma insulin causes the downregulation of the Akt/S6 pathway in chicken skeletal muscle under short-term fasting conditions. However, protein synthesis was not significantly affected by short-term fasting. In addition, no significant change was observed in the levels of proteolysis-related factors such as plasma Nτ-methylhistidine, phosphorylated forkhead box class O, and muscle ring finger-1 during 4-h fasting, indicating that short-term fasting does not induce skeletal muscle proteolysis in chickens. Interestingly, atrogin-1 expression significantly increased after 2-h fasting (P < 0.05), and insulin injection significantly reversed the fasting-induced atrogin-1 expression in chicken skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that short-term fasting downregulates the insulin-stimulated Akt/S6 pathway but does not significantly affect protein synthesis and proteolysis in chicken skeletal muscle, and that atrogin-1 expression is upregulated in a FOXO1-independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - N Tsuchii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Kitashiro
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Tsuchihashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Shindo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Kamisoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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11
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Saneyasu T, Tsuchihashi T, Kitashiro A, Tsuchii N, Kimura S, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. The IGF-1/Akt/S6 pathway and expressions of glycolytic myosin heavy chain isoforms are upregulated in chicken skeletal muscle during the first week after hatching. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1779-1787. [PMID: 28594135 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in the animal industry. We previously reported an age-dependent downregulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/Akt/S6 pathway, major protein synthesis pathway, in chicken breast muscle after 1 week of age, despite a continuous increase of breast muscle weight. Myosin heavy chain (HC), a major protein in muscle fiber, has several isoforms depending on chicken skeletal muscle types. HC I (fast-twitch glycolytic type) is known to be expressed in adult chicken breast muscle. However, little is known about the changes in the expression levels of protein synthesis-related factors and HC isoforms in perihatching chicken muscle. In the present study, protein synthesis-related factors, such as IGF-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and phosphorylated S6 content, increased in an age-dependent manner after post-hatch day (D) 0. The mRNA levels of HC I, III and V (fast-twitch glycolytic type) dramatically increased after D0. The increase ratio of breast muscle weight was approximately 1100% from D0 to D7. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence that upregulation of protein synthesis pathway and transcription of fast twitch glycolytic HC isoforms play critical roles in the increase of chicken breast muscle weight during the first week after hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Ayana Kitashiro
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nami Tsuchii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle mass is known to be controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. The fractional rate of protein synthesis has been reported to decrease age-dependently from 1 to 4 weeks of age in the chicken breast muscle (pectoralis major muscle). On the other hand, age-dependent change of the fractional protein degradation rate was reported to be less in the skeletal muscle of chickens. These findings suggest that protein synthesis is age-dependently downregulated in chicken muscle. We herein investigated the age-dependent changes in protein synthesis or proteolysis-related factors in the breast muscle of 7, 14, 28, and 49-day old broiler chickens. IGF-1 mRNA level, phosphorylation rate of Akt, and phospho-S6 content were coordinately decreased in an age-dependent manner, suggesting that IGF-1-stimulated protein synthesis is downregulated with age in chicken breast muscle. In contrast, atrogin-1, one of the proteolysis-related factors, gradually increased with age at mRNA levels. However, plasma Nτ-methylhistidine concentration, an indicator of skeletal muscle proteolysis, did not coordinately change with atrogin-1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our results suggest that the IGF-1/Akt/S6 signaling pathway is age-dependently downregulated in the chicken breast muscle.
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Buzala M, Janicki B. Review: Effects of different growth rates in broiler breeder and layer hens on some productive traits. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2151-9. [PMID: 27194733 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection that has been carried out for several dozen years has led to significant progress in poultry production by improving productive traits and increasing the profitability of broiler breeder and layer hen production. After hatching, broilers and layers differ mainly in feed intake, growth rate, efficiency of nutrient utilization, and development of muscles and adipose tissue. A key role can be played by hormonal mechanisms of appetite control in broilers and layers. The paper discusses the consequences of different growth rates resulting from long-term genetic selection on feed intake, efficiency of nutrient utilization, and development of muscles and adipose tissue, with particular consideration of the hormonal mechanisms of appetite control in broilers and layers. The information presented in this review paper shows that it would be worth comparing these issues in a meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buzala
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - B Janicki
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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