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Ramos-Llorens M, Bainour K, Adelmann L, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Raible F, Monroig Ó. Elongation capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2024; 14:240069. [PMID: 38864244 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins plays pivotal functions in the biosynthesis of the physiologically essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Polychaetes have important roles in marine ecosystems, contributing not only to nutrient recycling but also exhibiting a distinctive capacity for biosynthesizing LC-PUFA. To expand our understanding of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis in polychaetes, this study conducted a thorough molecular and functional characterization of Elovl occurring in the model organism Platynereis dumerilii. We identify six Elovl in the genome of P. dumerilii. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses established that four Elovl, identified as Elovl2/5, Elovl4 (two genes) and Elovl1/7, have putative functions in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Functional characterization confirmed the roles of these elongases in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, demonstrating that P. dumerilii possesses a varied and functionally diverse complement of Elovl that, along with the enzymatic specificities of previously characterized desaturases, enables P. dumerilii to perform all the reactions required for the biosynthesis of the LC-PUFA. Importantly, we uncovered that one of the two Elovl4-encoding genes is remarkably long in comparison with any other animals' Elovl, which contains a C terminal KH domain unique among Elovl. The distinctive expression pattern of this protein in photoreceptors strongly suggests a central role in vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramos-Llorens
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Khalida Bainour
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Leonie Adelmann
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna , Vienna 1030, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/4, A-1030 , Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna , Vienna 1030, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/4, A-1030 , Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
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Sam KK, Lau NS, Kuah MK, Lading EA, Shu-Chien AC. A complete inventory of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in the miniaturized cyprinid Paedocypris micromegethes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:817-838. [PMID: 35643977 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis activity in a species depends on the enzymatic activities of fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl). The miniaturized fish Paedocypris micromegethes is a developmentally truncated cyprinid living in highly acidic water conditions in tropical peat swamps. The capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis in this species, which has a reduced genome size, is unknown. A high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly enabled the identification of a putative Fads2 and four Elovl. The Fads2 was verified as a P. micromegethes Fads2 ortholog with in vitro Δ5 and Δ6 activities. The Elovl sequences were established as an Elovl5, Elovl2, and two Elovl4 paralogs, namely Elovl4a and Elovl4b. These Elovl enzymes, mainly Elovl5 and Elovl2, fulfill the necessary C18, C20, and C22 PUFA elongation steps for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Collectively, these results validate the presence of a complete repertoire of LC-PUFA biosynthesis enzymes in a peat swamp miniatured freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Lab-Ind Resource Sdn. Bhd, 48300, Bukit Beruntung, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Engkamat Anak Lading
- Forest Department Sarawak, Forest Department HQ, Level 11, Baitul Makmur II, Medan Raya, Petra Jaya, 93050, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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3
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A chromosome-level genome assembly of the jade perch (Scortum barcoo). Sci Data 2022; 9:408. [PMID: 35840598 PMCID: PMC9287455 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic to Australia, jade perch (Scortum barcoo) is a highly profitable freshwater bass species. It has extraordinarily high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which detailed genes involved in are largely unclear. Meanwhile, there were four chromosome-level bass species have been previous sequenced, while the bass ancestor genome karyotypes have not been estimated. Therefore, we sequenced, assembled and annotated a genome of jade perch to characterize the detailed genes for biosynthesis of omega-3 PUFAs and to deduce the bass ancestor genome karyotypes. We constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly with 24 pairs of chromosomes, 657.7 Mb in total length, and the contig and the scaffold N50 of 4.8 Mb and 28.6 Mb respectively. We also identified repetitive elements (accounting for 19.7% of the genome assembly) and predicted 26,905 protein-coding genes. Meanwhile, we performed genome-wide localization and characterization of several important genes encoding some key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of PUFAs. These genes may contribute to the high concentration of omega-3 in jade perch. Moreover, we conducted a series of comparative genomic analyses among four representative bass species at a chromosome level, resulting in a series of sequences of a deductive bass ancestor genome. Measurement(s) | whole genome sequencing | Technology Type(s) | Illumina Sequencing • Oxford Nanopore Sequencing |
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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Ribes-Navarro A, Navarro JC, Hontoria F, Kabeya N, Standal IB, Evjemo JO, Monroig Ó. Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Marine Gammarids: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Elongases. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:226. [PMID: 33923820 PMCID: PMC8073319 DOI: 10.3390/md19040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain (C20-24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential nutrients that are mostly produced in marine ecosystems. Previous studies suggested that gammarids have some capacity to endogenously produce LC-PUFAs. This study aimed to investigate the repertoire and functions of elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins in gammarids. Our results show that gammarids have, at least, three distinct elovl genes with putative roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Phylogenetics allowed us to classify two elongases as Elovl4 and Elovl6, as they were bona fide orthologues of vertebrate Elovl4 and Elovl6. Moreover, a third elongase was named as "Elovl1/7-like" since it grouped closely to the Elovl1 and Elovl7 found in vertebrates. Molecular analysis of the deduced protein sequences indicated that the gammarid Elovl4 and Elovl1/7-like were indeed polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) elongases, whereas Elovl6 had molecular features typically found in non-PUFA elongases. This was partly confirmed in the functional assays performed on the marine gammarid Echinogammarus marinus Elovl, which showed that both Elovl4 and Elovl1/7-like elongated PUFA substrates ranging from C18 to C22. E. marinus Elovl6 was only able to elongate C18 PUFA substrates, suggesting that this enzyme does not play major roles in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis of gammarids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (A.R.-N.); (J.C.N.); (F.H.)
| | - Juan C. Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (A.R.-N.); (J.C.N.); (F.H.)
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (A.R.-N.); (J.C.N.); (F.H.)
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan;
| | - Inger B. Standal
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway; (I.B.S.); (J.O.E.)
| | - Jan O. Evjemo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway; (I.B.S.); (J.O.E.)
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (A.R.-N.); (J.C.N.); (F.H.)
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6
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Xie D, Chen C, Dong Y, You C, Wang S, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in teleost fish. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101095. [PMID: 33741387 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA, C20-24), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. Fish have long been considered as the main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in human diets. However, the capacity for endogenous biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from C18 PUFA varies in fish species based on the presence, expression and activity of key enzymes including fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) proteins. In this article, we review progress on the identified Fads and Elovl, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in teleosts. The most comprehensive advances have been obtained in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus, a marine teleost demonstrated to have the entire pathway for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, including the roles of transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α), liver X receptor alpha (Lxrα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1), as well as post-transcriptional regulation by individual microRNA (miRNA) or clusters. This research has, for the first time, demonstrated the involvement of Hnf4α, Pparγ and miRNA in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates. The present review provides readers with a relatively comprehensive overview of the progress made into understanding LC-PUFA biosynthetic systems in teleosts, and some insights into improving endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity aimed at reducing the dependence of aquafeeds on fish oil while maintaining or increasing flesh LC-PUFA content and the nutritional quality of farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhu KC, Zhang N, Liu BS, Guo L, Guo HY, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Transcription factor pparαb activates fads2s to promote LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:605-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Zhu KC, Song L, Liu BS, Guo HY, Zhang N, Guo L, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Functional characterization, tissue distribution and nutritional regulation of the Elovl4 gene in golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Gene 2020; 766:145144. [PMID: 32916248 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The elongases of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovls) are involved in the rate-limiting of the carbon chain elongation reaction in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in vertebrates. One member of the Elovls family, Elovl4, has been regarded as a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). To explore the role of Elovl4 in PUFA synthesis in Trachinotus ovatus, the cDNA of the Elovl4b gene is cloned from T. ovatus (ToElovl4b). The ORF of ToElovl4b was 918 bp and encoded 305 amino acid (aa) protein sequences. Sequence alignment showed that the deduced amino acids contained significant structural features of the Elovl4 family, such as a histidine box motif (HXXHH), multiple transmembrane domains and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis revealed that ToElovl4b was highly conserved with that of Rachycentron canadum Elovl4b. Moreover, heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that ToElovl4b could efficiently elongate 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6 and 20:5n-3 FAs up to 20:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and 22:5n-3, respectively. Furthermore, the tissue expression profile indicated that mRNA expression of ToElovl4b was higher in the gonads and brain than in other tissues. Additionally, nutritional regulation suggested the highest mRNA levels of ToElovl4b in liver and brain were under feeding with 1:1 FO-SO (fish oil, FO; soybean oil, SO) and 1:1 FO-CO (corn oil, CO)), respectively. These new insights were useful for understanding the molecular basis and regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province 572018, PR China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province 572018, PR China.
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9
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Kabeya N, Gür İ, Oboh A, Evjemo JO, Malzahn AM, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. Unique fatty acid desaturase capacities uncovered in Hediste diversicolor illustrate the roles of aquatic invertebrates in trophic upgrading. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190654. [PMID: 32536307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω3 or n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play physiologically important roles in vertebrates. These compounds have long been believed to have originated almost exclusively from aquatic (mostly marine) single-cell organisms. Yet, a recent study has discovered that many invertebrates possess a type of enzymes called methyl-end desaturases (ωx) that enables them to endogenously produce n-3 long-chain PUFA and could make a significant contribution to production of these compounds in the marine environment. Polychaetes are major components of benthic fauna and thus important to maintain a robust food web as a recycler of organic matter and a prey item for higher trophic level species like fish. In the present study, we investigated the ωx enzymes from the common ragworm, Hediste diversicolor, a common inhabitant in sedimentary littoral ecosystems of the North Atlantic. Functional assays of the H. diversicolor ωx demonstrated unique desaturation capacities. An ω3 desaturase mediated the conversion of n-6 fatty acid substrates into their corresponding n-3 products including DHA. A further enzyme possessed unique regioselectivities combining both ω6 and ω3 desaturase activities. These results illustrate that the long-chain PUFA biosynthetic enzymatic machinery of aquatic invertebrates such as polychaetes is highly diverse and clarify that invertebrates can be major contributors to fatty acid trophic upgrading in aquatic food webs. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - İbrahim Gür
- Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute, Olgunlar Street, 23040 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Angela Oboh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Nigeria
| | - Jan Ove Evjemo
- Department of Environment & New Resources, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture AS, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Arne M Malzahn
- Department of Environment & New Resources, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture AS, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
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10
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Ferraz RB, Machado AM, Navarro JC, Cunha I, Ozório R, Salaro AL, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó. The fatty acid elongation genes elovl4a and elovl4b are present and functional in the genome of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 245:110447. [PMID: 32325254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain (C20-24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are physiologically important nutrients for vertebrates including fish. Previous studies have addressed the metabolism of LC-PUFA in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an emerging species in Brazilian aquaculture, showing that all the desaturase and elongase activities required to convert C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into LC-PUFA are present in tambaqui. Yet, elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins, which participate in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (>C24) saturated fatty acids (VLC-SFA) and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), had not been characterized in this species. Here, we investigate the repertoire and function of two Elovl4 in tambaqui. Furthermore, we present the first draft genome assembly from tambaqui, and demonstrated the usefulness of this resource in nutritional physiology studies by isolating one of the tambaqui elovl4 genes. Our results showed that, similarly to other teleost species, two elovl4 gene paralogs termed as elovl4a and elovl4b, are present in tambaqui. Tambaqui elovl4a and elovl4b have open reading frames (ORF) of 948 and 912 base pairs, encoding putative proteins of 315 and 303 amino acids, respectively. Functional characterization in yeast showed that both Elovl4 enzymes have activity toward all the PUFA substrates assayed (18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, 18:4n-3, 18:3n-6, 20:5n-3, 20:4n-6, 22:5n-3, 22:4n-6 and 22:6n-3), producing elongated products of up to C36. Moreover, both Elovl4 were able to elongate 22:5n-3 to 24:5n-3, a key elongation step required for the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid via the Sprecher pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B Ferraz
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton De Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M Machado
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton De Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Isabel Cunha
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton De Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ozório
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton De Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana L Salaro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton De Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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11
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The catadromous teleost Anguilla japonica has a complete enzymatic repertoire for the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from α-linolenic acid: Cloning and functional characterization of an Elovl2 elongase. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 240:110373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Sun P, Zhou Q, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Jin M, Yuan Y, Wang X, Jiao L. Cloning and functional characterization of an elovl4-like gene involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110408. [PMID: 31958500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins participate in the biosynthesis of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA and VLC-PUFA). In the present study, an elovl4 cDNA was cloned from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus by PCR techniques and functionally characterized using recombinant expression in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The elovl4 cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame of 1038 base pairs, encoding a protein of 346 amino acids. The elovl4 has typical Elovl structures, with transmembrane domains (6) and a histidine box. The elovl4 was expressed in various tissues analyzed, with the highest expression found in intestine and hepatopancreas, followed by stomach and eyestalk. The functional characterization of Elovl4 yeast showed that the P. trituberculatus Elovl4 can elongate C18-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), reaching in some cases products of C24 and C26. Along its ability to elongate PUFA, the P. trituberculatus Elovl4 was also efficient in the elongation of saturated fatty acids, with 28:0 and 30:0 being prominent elongation products. These results provide insight into the LC-PUFA biosynthetic capability of commercially important species of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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13
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Garrido D, Kabeya N, Betancor MB, Pérez JA, Acosta NG, Tocher DR, Rodríguez C, Monroig Ó. Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11199. [PMID: 31371768 PMCID: PMC6671994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of fish varies among species, with trophic level hypothesised as a major factor. The biosynthesis capacity is largely dependent upon the presence of functionally diversified fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) enzymes, since many teleosts have lost the gene encoding a Δ5 desaturase (Fads1). The present study aimed to characterise Fads2 from four teleosts occupying different trophic levels, namely Sarpa salpa, Chelon labrosus, Pegusa lascaris and Atherina presbyter, which were selected based on available data on functions of Fads2 from closely related species. Therefore, we had insight into the variability of Fads2 within the same phylogenetic group. Our results showed that Fads2 from S. salpa and C. labrosus were both Δ6 desaturases with further Δ8 activity while P. lascaris and A. presbyter Fads2 showed Δ4 activity. Fads2 activities of herbivorous S. salpa are consistent with those reported for carnivorous Sparidae species. The results suggested that trophic level might not directly drive diversification of teleost Fads2 as initially hypothesised, and other factors such as the species' phylogeny appeared to be more influential. In agreement, Fads2 activities from P. lascaris and A. presbyter were similar to their corresponding phylogenetic counterparts Solea senegalensis and Chirostoma estor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garrido
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - José A Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Guadalupe Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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14
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Ran Z, Xu J, Liao K, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Oboh A, Jin M, Zhou Q, Zhou C, Tocher DR, Yan X. Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Garrido D, Kabeya N, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Reis DB, Martín MV, Rodríguez C, Almansa E, Monroig Ó. Methyl-end desaturases with ∆12 and ω3 regioselectivities enable the de novo PUFA biosynthesis in the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1134-1144. [PMID: 31048041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The interest in understanding the capacity of aquatic invertebrates to biosynthesise omega-3 (ω3) long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) has increased in recent years. Using the common octopus Octopus vulgaris as a model species, we previously characterised a ∆5 desaturase and two elongases (i.e. Elovl2/5 and Elovl4) involved in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA in molluscs. The aim of this study was to characterise both molecularly and functionally, two methyl-end (or ωx) desaturases that have been long regarded to be absent in most animals. O. vulgaris possess two ωx desaturase genes encoding enzymes with ∆12 and ω3 regioselectivities enabling the de novo biosynthesis of the C18 PUFA 18:2ω6 (LA, linoleic acid) and 18:3ω3 (ALA, α-linolenic acid), generally regarded as dietary essential for animals. The O. vulgaris ∆12 desaturase ("ωx2") mediates the conversion of 18:1ω9 (oleic acid) into LA, and subsequently, the ω3 desaturase ("ωx1") catalyses the ∆15 desaturation from LA to ALA. Additionally, the O. vulgaris ω3 desaturase has ∆17 capacity towards a variety of C20 ω6 PUFA that are converted to their ω3 PUFA products. Particularly relevant was the affinity of the ω3 desaturase towards 20:4ω6 (ARA, arachidonic acid) to produce 20:5ω3 (EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid), as supported by yeast heterologous expression, and enzymatic activity exhibited in vivo when paralarvae were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]20:4ω6. These results confirmed that several routes enabling EPA biosynthesis are operative in O. vulgaris whereas ARA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) should be considered essential fatty acids since endogenous production appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garrido
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Diana B Reis
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Virginia Martín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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16
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Ferraz RB, Kabeya N, Lopes-Marques M, Machado AM, Ribeiro RA, Salaro AL, Ozório R, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó. A complete enzymatic capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is present in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 227:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Zhu KC, Song L, Guo HY, Guo L, Zhang N, Liu BS, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Identification of Fatty Acid Desaturase 6 in Golden Pompano Trachinotus Ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) and Its Regulation by the PPARαb Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E23. [PMID: 30577588 PMCID: PMC6337163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases are rate-limiting enzymes in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha b (PPARαb) regulates lipid metabolism in mammals, however, the mechanism whereby PPARαb regulates fatty acid desaturases is largely unknown in fish. In this study, we report the full length cDNA sequence of Trachinotus ovatus fatty acid desaturase, which encodes a 380 amino acid polypeptide, possessing three characteristic histidine domains. Phylogenetic and gene exon/intron structure analyses showed typical phylogeny: the T. ovatus fatty acid desaturase contained a highly conserved exon/intron architecture. Moreover, functional characterization by heterologous expression in yeast indicated that T. ovatus desaturase was a fatty acid desaturase, with Δ4/Δ5/Δ8 Fad activity. Promoter activity assays indicated that ToFads6 desaturase transcription was positively regulated by PPARαb. Similarly, PPARαb RNA interference decreased ToPPARαb and ToFads6 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner. Mutation analyses showed that the M2 binding site of PPARαb was functionally important for protein binding, and transcriptional activity of the ToFads6 promoter was significantly decreased after targeted mutation of M2. Electrophoretic mobile shift assays confirmed that PPARαb interacted with the binding site of the ToFads6 promoter region, to regulate ToFads6 transcription. In summary, PPARαb played a vital role in ToFads6 regulation and may promote the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by regulating ToFads6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology & Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology & Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology & Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology & Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation-Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 231 Xingang Road West, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology & Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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18
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Lopes-Marques M, Kabeya N, Qian Y, Ruivo R, Santos MM, Venkatesh B, Tocher DR, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó. Retention of fatty acyl desaturase 1 (fads1) in Elopomorpha and Cyclostomata provides novel insights into the evolution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:157. [PMID: 30340454 PMCID: PMC6194568 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Provision of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in vertebrates occurs through the diet or via endogenous production from C18 precursors through consecutive elongations and desaturations. It has been postulated that the abundance of LC-PUFA in the marine environment has remarkably modulated the gene complement and function of Fads in marine teleosts. In vertebrates two fatty acyl desaturases, namely Fads1 and Fads2, encode ∆5 and ∆6 desaturases, respectively. To fully clarify the evolutionary history of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates, we investigated the gene repertoire and function of Fads from species placed at key evolutionary nodes. Results We demonstrate that functional Fads1Δ5 and Fads2∆6 arose from a tandem gene duplication in the ancestor of vertebrates, since they are present in the Arctic lamprey. Additionally, we show that a similar condition was retained in ray-finned fish such as the Senegal bichir and spotted gar, with the identification of fads1 genes in these lineages. Functional characterisation of the isolated desaturases reveals the first case of a Fads1 enzyme with ∆5 desaturase activity in the Teleostei lineage, the Elopomorpha. In contrast, in Osteoglossomorpha genomes, while no fads1 was identified, two separate fads2 duplicates with ∆6 and ∆5 desaturase activities respectively were uncovered. Conclusions We conclude that, while the essential genetic components involved LC-PUFA biosynthesis evolved in the vertebrate ancestor, the full completion of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway arose uniquely in gnathostomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1271-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu Qian
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U. Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. .,Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
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19
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Yang S, Wang Y, Wang L, Shi Z, Ou X, Wu D, Zhang X, Hu H, Yuan J, Wang W, Cao F, Liu G. RNA-Seq reveals differentially expressed genes affecting polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage in the Huangshan Black chicken population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195132. [PMID: 29672513 PMCID: PMC5908183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids metabolic products determine meat quality in chickens. Identifying genes associated with fatty acids composition could provide valuable information for the complex genetic networks of genes with underlying variations in fatty acids synthesis. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to explore the chicken transcriptome from the thigh muscle tissue of 6 Huangshan Black Chickens with 3 extremely high and low phenotypic values for percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In total, we obtained 41,139,108–44,901,729 uniquely mapped reads, which covered 74.15% of the current annotated transcripts including 18964 mRNA transcripts, across all the six thigh muscle tissue samples. Of these, we revealed 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a highly significant correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage between the comparison groups based on the ratio of PUFA/SFA. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in particular biological processes affecting fatty acids metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), and cell junction-related pathways. Integrated interpretation of differential gene expression and formerly reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) demonstrated that FADS2, DCN, FRZB, OGN, PRKAG3, LHFP, CHCHD10, CYTL1, FBLN5, and ADGRD1 are the most promising candidate genes affecting polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyuan Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Ou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Fuhu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FC); (GL)
| | - Guoqing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FC); (GL)
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20
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Jin M, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Zhou QC. Molecular and functional characterisation of two elovl4 elongases involved in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (> C 24 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 212:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays important physiological roles in vertebrates. Studies in rats and rainbow trout confirmed that DHA biosynthesis proceeds through the so-called “Sprecher pathway”, a biosynthetic process requiring a Δ6 desaturation of 24:5n−3 to 24:6n−3. Alternatively, some teleosts possess fatty acyl desaturases 2 (Fads2) that enable them to biosynthesis DHA through a more direct route termed the “Δ4 pathway”. In order to elucidate the prevalence of both pathways among teleosts, we investigated the Δ6 ability towards C24 substrates of Fads2 from fish with different evolutionary and ecological backgrounds. Subsequently, we retrieved public databases to identify Fads2 containing the YXXN domain responsible for the Δ4 desaturase function, and consequently enabling these species to operate the Δ4 pathway. We demonstrated that, with the exception of Δ4 desaturases, fish Fads2 have the ability to operate as Δ6 desaturases towards C24 PUFA enabling them to synthesise DHA through the Sprecher pathway. Nevertheless, the Δ4 pathway represents an alternative route in some teleosts and we identified the presence of putative Δ4 Fads2 in a further 11 species and confirmed the function as Δ4 desaturases of Fads2 from medaka and Nile tilapia. Our results demonstrated that two alternative pathways for DHA biosynthesis exist in teleosts.
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22
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Monroig Ó, de Llanos R, Varó I, Hontoria F, Tocher DR, Puig S, Navarro JC. Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Octopus vulgaris: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase and an Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid 4 Protein. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030082. [PMID: 28335553 PMCID: PMC5367039 DOI: 10.3390/md15030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been acknowledged as essential nutrients for cephalopods but the specific PUFAs that satisfy the physiological requirements are unknown. To expand our previous investigations on characterisation of desaturases and elongases involved in the biosynthesis of PUFAs and hence determine the dietary PUFA requirements in cephalopods, this study aimed to investigate the roles that a stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and an elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) protein play in the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids (FAs). Our results confirmed the Octopus vulgaris Scd is a ∆9 desaturase with relatively high affinity towards saturated FAs with ≥ C18 chain lengths. Scd was unable to desaturate 20:1n-15 (∆520:1) suggesting that its role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FAs (NMI FAs) is limited to the introduction of the first unsaturation at ∆9 position. Interestingly, the previously characterised ∆5 fatty acyl desaturase was indeed able to convert 20:1n-9 (∆1120:1) to ∆5,1120:2, an NMI FA previously detected in octopus nephridium. Additionally, Elovl4 was able to mediate the production of 24:5n-3 and thus can contribute to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis through the Sprecher pathway. Moreover, the octopus Elovl4 was confirmed to play a key role in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (>C24) PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland, UK.
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain.
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain.
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sergi Puig
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain.
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain.
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