1
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Sadri A. Is Target-Based Drug Discovery Efficient? Discovery and "Off-Target" Mechanisms of All Drugs. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12651-12677. [PMID: 37672650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Target-based drug discovery is the dominant paradigm of drug discovery; however, a comprehensive evaluation of its real-world efficiency is lacking. Here, a manual systematic review of about 32000 articles and patents dating back to 150 years ago demonstrates its apparent inefficiency. Analyzing the origins of all approved drugs reveals that, despite several decades of dominance, only 9.4% of small-molecule drugs have been discovered through "target-based" assays. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of even this minimal share cannot be solely attributed and reduced to their purported targets, as they depend on numerous off-target mechanisms unconsciously incorporated by phenotypic observations. The data suggest that reductionist target-based drug discovery may be a cause of the productivity crisis in drug discovery. An evidence-based approach to enhance efficiency seems to be prioritizing, in selecting and optimizing molecules, higher-level phenotypic observations that are closer to the sought-after therapeutic effects using tools like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Sadri
- Lyceum Scientific Charity, Tehran, Iran, 1415893697
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 1417755331
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 1417614411
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2
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Mokrov GV. Linked biaromatic compounds as cardioprotective agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100428. [PMID: 34967027 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are widespread in the modern world, and their number is constantly growing. For a long time, CVDs have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Drugs for the treatment of CVD have been developed almost since the beginning of the 20th century, and a large number of effective cardioprotective agents of various classes have been created. Nevertheless, the need for the design and development of new safe drugs for the treatment of CVD remains. Literature data indicate that a huge number of cardioprotective agents of various generations and mechanisms correspond to a single generalized pharmacophore model containing two aromatic nuclei linked by a linear linker. In this regard, we put forward a concept for the design of a new generation of cardioprotective agents with a multitarget mechanism of action within the indicated pharmacophore model. This review is devoted to a generalization of the currently known compounds with cardioprotective properties and corresponding to the pharmacophore model of biaromatic compounds linked by a linear linker. Particular attention is paid to the history of the creation of these drugs, approaches to their design, and analysis of the structure-action relationship within each class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory V Mokrov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Moscow, Russia
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3
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Xiu F, Xu S, Zhang C, Wang L. Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of N-Benzylpiperidine-8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Metal Ion Chelators and Calcium Channel Blockers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Shih CC, Chen PY, Chen MF, Lee TJF. Differential blockade by huperzine A and donepezil of sympathetic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated nitrergic neurogenic dilations in porcine basilar arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 868:172851. [PMID: 31836535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on the perivascular sympathetic nerves via axo-axonal interaction mechanism causes norepinephrine release, which triggers the neurogenic nitrergic relaxation in basilar arteries to meet the need of a brain. Donepezil and huperzine A, which are the cholinesterase inhibitors used for Alzheimer's disease therapy, exert controversial effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, we investigated how donepezil and huperzine A via the axo-axonal interaction regulate the neurogenic vasodilation of isolated porcine basilar arteries and define their action on different subtypes of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by using blood vessel myography, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological techniques. Both nicotine (100 μM) and transmural nerve stimulation (TNS, 8 Hz) induce NO-mediated dilation in the arteries. Nicotine-induced vasodilations were concentration-dependently inhibited by huperzine A and donepezil, with the former being 30 fold less potent than the latter. Both cholinesterase inhibitors weakly and equally decreased TNS-elicited nitrergic vasodilations. Neither huperzine A nor donepezil affected isoproterenol (a β adrenoceptor-agonist)- or sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor)-induced vasodilation. Further, huperzine A was less potent than donepezil in inhibiting nicotine-elicited calcium influxes in rodent superior cervical ganglionic neurons and inward currents in α7- and α3β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-expressing Xenopus oocytes. In conclusion, huperzine A may exert less harmful effect over donepezil on maintaining brainstem circulation and on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-associated cognition deficits during treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chan Shih
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yi Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Tony J F Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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5
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Chen M, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhou Y. Quantitative determination of talatisamine and its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in mouse plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:180-187. [PMID: 31207562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Talatisamine, as the efficacy ingredient of Aconitum, was known as a novel specific blocker for the delayed rectifier K+ channels in rat hippocampal neurons. In this study, a rapid, selective and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS separation method was established and fully validated for the quantitative determination of talatisamine levels in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mouse blood. A total of 24 healthy male ICR mice were divided into four groups that was administered talatisamine via intravenous at a dose of 1 mg/kg and oral administration of three doses (2, 4, 8 mg/kg). All blood samples were protein precipitate by using acetonitrile with an internal standard (IS) deltaline. The effective chromatographic separation was carried out through an UPLC BEH C18 analytical column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with an initial mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) with a gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Also, an electrospray ionization (ESI) was applied to quantify the talatisamine in the positive ions mode. The method validation demonstrated good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9993) for talatisamine in mouse blood with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 1 ng/mL. The accuracy values of the method were within 89.4% to 113.3%, and the matrix effects were between 103.2% and 106.3%. The mean extraction recoveries for talatisamine obtained from four concentrations of QC blood samples were exceeded 71.7%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) both of intra- and inter-day precision values for replicate quality control samples did not exceed 15% respectively for all analytes during the assay validation. This method was successfully applied to the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic of talatisamine, regardless of intragastric or intravenous administration in mice. Based on the pharmacokinetics data, the bioavailability of talatisamine in mice was >65.0% after oral administration, exhibiting an excellent oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China.
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6
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Chae YJ, Lee HJ, Jeon JH, Kim IB, Choi JS, Sung KW, Hahn SJ. Effects of donepezil on hERG potassium channels. Brain Res 2014; 1597:77-85. [PMID: 25498859 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil is a potent, selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, which is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique and Western blot analyses were used to study the effects of donepezil on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. Donepezil inhibited the tail current of the hERG in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.3 μM. The metabolites of donepezil, 6-ODD and 5-ODD, inhibited the hERG currents in a similar concentration-dependent manner; the IC50 values were 1.0 and 1.5 μM, respectively. A fast drug perfusion system demonstrated that donepezil interacted with both the open and inactivated states of the hERG. A fast application of donepezil during the tail currents inhibited the open state of the hERG in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2.7 μM. Kinetic analysis of donepezil in an open state of the hERG yielded blocking and unblocking rate constants of 0.54 µM(-1)s(-1) and 1.82 s(-1), respectively. The block of the hERG by donepezil was voltage-dependent with a steep increase across the voltage range of channel activation. Donepezil caused a reduction in the hERG channel protein trafficking to the plasma membrane at low concentration, but decreased the channel protein expression at higher concentrations. These results suggest that donepezil inhibited the hERG at a supratherapeutic concentration, and that it did so by preferentially binding to the activated (open and/or inactivated) states of the channels and by inhibiting the trafficking and expression of the hERG channel protein in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Chae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Korea
| | - Hong Joon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jeon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ki-Wug Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Sang June Hahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Korea.
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7
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Silva D, Chioua M, Samadi A, Agostinho P, Garção P, Lajarín-Cuesta R, de los Ríos C, Iriepa I, Moraleda I, Gonzalez-Lafuente L, Mendes E, Pérez C, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Marco-Contelles J, Carmo Carreiras M. Synthesis, pharmacological assessment, and molecular modeling of acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: effect against amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:547-65. [PMID: 23379636 DOI: 10.1021/cn300178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological analysis of phenoxyalkylamino-4-phenylnicotinates (2-7), phenoxyalkoxybenzylidenemalononitriles (12, 13), pyridonepezils (14-18), and quinolinodonepezils (19-21) are described. Pyridonepezils 15-18 were found to be selective and moderately potent regarding the inhibition of hAChE, whereas quinolinodonepezils 19-21 were found to be poor inhibitors of hAChE. The most potent and selective hAChE inhibitor was ethyl 6-(4-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino)-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-phenylnicotinate (18) [IC(50) (hAChE) = 0.25 ± 0.02 μM]. Pyridonepezils 15-18 and quinolinodonepezils 20-21 are more potent selective inhibitors of EeAChE than hAChE. The most potent and selective EeAChE inhibitor was ethyl 6-(2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)ethylamino)-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-phenylnicotinate (16) [IC(50) (EeAChE) = 0.0167 ± 0.0002 μM], which exhibits the same inhibitory potency as donepezil against hAChE. Compounds 2, 7, 13, 17, 18, 35, and 36 significantly prevented the decrease in cell viability caused by Aβ(1-42). All compounds were effective in preventing the enhancement of AChE activity induced by Aβ(1-42). Compounds 2-7 caused a significant reduction whereas pyridonepezils 17 and 18, and compound 16 also showed some activity. The pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines 36 and 38 also prevented the upregulation of AChE induced by Aβ(1-42). Compounds 2, 7, 12, 13, 17, 18, and 36 may act as antagonists of voltage sensitive calcium channels, since they significantly prevented the Ca(2+) influx evoked by KCl depolarization. Docking studies show that compounds 16 and 18 adopted different orientations and conformations inside the active-site gorges of hAChE and hBuChE. The structural and energetic features of the 16-AChE and 18-AChE complexes compared to the 16-BuChE and 18-BuChE complexes account for a higher affinity of the ligand toward AChE. The present data indicate that compounds 2, 7, 17, 18, and 36 may represent attractive multipotent molecules for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical
Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratorio de Química Médica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de
la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratorio de Química Médica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de
la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Química Médica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de
la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Garção
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Fundación
de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de Léon, 62, 28006-Madrid,
Spain
| | - Cristobal de los Ríos
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Fundación
de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de Léon, 62, 28006-Madrid,
Spain
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica. Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica. Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lafuente
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Fundación
de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de Léon, 62, 28006-Madrid,
Spain
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical
Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto
de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan
de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto
de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan
de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Química Médica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de
la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmo Carreiras
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical
Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Kapai NA, Bukanova JV, Solntseva EI, Skrebitsky VG. Donepezil in a narrow concentration range augments control and impaired by beta-amyloid peptide hippocampal LTP in NMDAR-independent manner. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:219-26. [PMID: 21968642 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor donepezil is widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms of therapeutic effects of the drug are not well understood. The ability of donepezil to reverse a known pathogenic effect of β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), namely, the impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), was not studied yet. The goal of the present study was to study the influence of donepezil in 0.1-10 μM concentrations on control and Abeta-impaired hippocampal LTP. Possible involvement of N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptors (NMDARs) into mechanisms of donepezil action was also studied. LTP of population spike (PS) was studied in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Change of LTP by donepezil treatment had a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The drug in concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μM did not change LTP while in concentration of 0.5 μM significantly increased it, and in concentration of 5 and 10 μM suppressed LTP partially or completely. Abeta (200 nM) markedly suppressed LTP. Addition of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 μM donepezil to Abeta solution caused a restoration of LTP. N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) currents were studied in acutely isolated pyramidal neurons from CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Neither Abeta, nor 0.5 μM donepezil were found to change NMDA currents, while 10 μM donepezil rapidly and reversibly depressed it. Results suggest that donepezil augments control and impaired by Abeta hippocampal LTP in NMDAR-independent manner. In general, our findings extend the understanding of mechanisms of therapeutic action of donepezil, especially at an early stage of AD, and maybe taken into account while considering the possibility of donepezil overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A Kapai
- Department of Brain Research, Center of Neurology RAMS, 5 per. Obukha, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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Kapai NA, Solntseva EI, Skrebitskii VG. Donepezil eliminates suppressive effects of β-amyloid peptide (1-42) on long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2011; 149:33-6. [PMID: 21113452 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid peptide 1-42 in a concentration of 200 nM impairs induction of long-term posttetanic potentiation of population spike in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Application of donepezil, a drug used for the treatment of Alzheimer disease, in a concentration of 1 μM eliminates the suppressive effect of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 on long-term posttenanic potentiation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kapai
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Yuan H, Wang WP, Feng N, Wang L, Wang XL. Donepezil attenuated oxygen-glucose deprivation insult by blocking Kv2.1 potassium channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657:76-83. [PMID: 21300054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive K(+) efflux via activated voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv channels) and the consequent intracellular K(+) depletion during and after ischemia/hypoxia induced long-lasting membrane depolarization promotes neuronal apoptosis. Although it has been suggested as an important potassium channel subtype in oxidative stress induced neuron apoptosis, whether Kv2.1 mediates ischemic apoptosis remains undefined. In the present study, the role of Kv2.1 played in hypoxia/anoxia induced cell apoptosis and correlated protective effect of donepezil were evaluated. Kv2.1 transfected HEK293 cell line (Kv2.1/HEK293) was used to study oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced cell apoptosis. We found Kv2.1 transfection increased the vulnerability of HEK293 cells to OGD insult, blocking Kv2.1 potassium channel by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10mM) could attenuated OGD induced Kv2.1/HEK293 cell apoptosis significantly. OGD slightly reduced Kv2.1 currents without affecting channel kinetic activity. However, the membrane potential of Kv2.1/HEK293 cells depolarized to around 0mV after OGD treatment, a potential which could activated Kv2.1 persistently. Donepezil blocked Kv2.1 currents in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=7.59μM). Under OGD condition, donepezil (30μM) effectively inhibited Kv2.1 currents by accelerating channel inactivation and decreased Kv2.1/HEK293 cell apoptosis rate. In conclusion, our study revealed both the conducting role of Kv2.1 in OGD induced cell apoptosis and the importance of Kv2.1 as a target for neuronal protection. In addition, besides anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, Kv2.1 blockade capability of donepezil may attribute to its neuroprotective effects against ischemic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Xuanwu District,Beijing 100050, China
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11
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Jeong HY, Kim JY, Lee HK, Ha DT, Song KS, Bae K, Seong YH. Leaf and stem of Vitis amurensis and its active components protect against amyloid β protein (25–35)-induced neurotoxicity. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1655-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Alcantara-Gonzalez F, Juarez I, Solis O, Martinez-Tellez I, Camacho-Abrego I, Masliah E, Mena R, Flores G. Enhanced dendritic spine number of neurons of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in old rats after chronic donepezil administration. Synapse 2010; 64:786-93. [PMID: 20336627 PMCID: PMC2948955 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease brains, morphological changes in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus have been observed. These changes are particularly reflected in the decrement of both the dendritic tree and spine number. Donepezil is a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied the effect of oral administration of this drug on the morphology of neuronal cells from the brain of aged rats. We examined dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the PFC, dorsal or ventral hippocampus (VH), and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Donepezil (1 mg/kg, vo) was administrated every day for 60 days to rats aged 10 and 18 months. Dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi-Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at 12 and 20 months ages, respectively. In all Donepezil-treated rats, a significant increment of the dendritic spines number in pyramidal neurons of the PFC and dorsal hippocampus was observed. However, pyramidal neurons of the VH and medium spiny cells of the NAcc only showed an increase in the number of their spines in 12-month-old rats. Our results suggest that Donepezil prevents the alterations of the neuronal dendrite morphology caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviola Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Ismael Juarez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Oscar Solis
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Isaura Martinez-Tellez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Israel Camacho-Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, USA
| | - Raul Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV-IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
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Gibbs R, Mauk R, Nelson D, Johnson D. Donepezil treatment restores the ability of estradiol to enhance cognitive performance in aged rats: evidence for the cholinergic basis of the critical period hypothesis. Horm Behav 2009; 56:73-83. [PMID: 19303882 PMCID: PMC2737520 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the ability of estradiol to enhance cognitive performance diminishes with age and/or time following loss of ovarian function. We hypothesize that this is due, in part, to a decrease in basal forebrain cholinergic function. This study tested whether donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, could restore estradiol effects on cognitive performance in aged rats that had been ovariectomized as young adults. Rats were ovariectomized at 3 months of age, and then trained on a delayed matching to position (DMP) T-maze task, followed by a configural association (CA) operant condition task, beginning at 12-17 or 22-27 months of age. Three weeks prior to testing, rats started to receive either donepezil or vehicle. After one week, half of each group also began receiving estradiol. Acclimation and testing began seven days later and treatment continued throughout testing. Estradiol alone significantly enhanced DMP acquisition in middle-aged rats, but not in aged rats. Donepezil alone had no effect on DMP acquisition in either age group; however, donepezil treatment restored the ability of estradiol to enhance DMP acquisition in aged rats. This effect was due largely to a reduction in the predisposition to adopt a persistent turn strategy during acquisition. These same treatments did not affect acquisition of the CA task in middle-aged rats, but did have small but significant effects on response time in aged rats. The data are consistent with the idea that estrogen effects on cognitive performance are task specific, and that deficits in basal forebrain cholinergic function are responsible for the loss of estradiol effect on DMP acquisition in aged ovariectomized rats. In addition, the data suggest that enhancing cholinergic function pharmacologically can restore the ability of estradiol to enhance acquisition of the DMP task in very old rats following long periods of hormone deprivation. Whether donepezil has similar restorative effects on other estrogen-sensitive tasks needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.B. Gibbs
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-624-8185, Fax: 412-624-1850,
- Correspondence: Robert Gibbs, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. TEL: 412-624-8185, FAX: 412-383-7436,
| | - R. Mauk
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-624-8185, Fax: 412-624-1850,
| | - D. Nelson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, TEL: 412-624-8185, Fax: 412-624-1850,
| | - D.A. Johnson
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
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Rőszer T, Józsa T, Szentmiklósi AJ, Bánfalvi G. Acetylcholine inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the gastropod nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 336:325-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cho SO, Ban JY, Kim JY, Jeong HY, Lee IS, Song KS, Bae K, Seong YH. Aralia cordata Protects Against Amyloid β Protein (25–35)–Induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Neurons and Has Antidementia Activities in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:22-32. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08271fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Jacobson SA, Sabbagh MN. Donepezil: potential neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:1363-9. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.10.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Song MK, Liu H, Jiang HL, Yue JM, Hu GY, Chen HZ. Discovery of talatisamine as a novel specific blocker for the delayed rectifier K+ channels in rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2008; 155:469-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Donepezil attenuates excitotoxic damage induced by membrane depolarization of cortical neurons exposed to veratridine. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:189-97. [PMID: 18508044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-lasting membrane depolarization in cerebral ischemia causes neurotoxicity via increases of intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) and calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Donepezil has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in an oxygen-glucose deprivation model. In the present study, we examined the effect of donepezil on depolarization-induced neuronal cell injury resulting from prolonged opening of Na+ channels with veratridine in rat primary-cultured cortical neurons. Veratridine (10 microM)-induced neuronal cell damage was completely prevented by 0.1 microM tetrodotoxin. Pretreatment with donepezil (0.1-10 microM) for 1 day significantly decreased cell death in a concentration-dependent manner, and a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (MK801), showed a neuroprotective effect at the concentration of 10 microM. The neuroprotective effect of donepezil was not affected by nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists. We further characterized the neuroprotective properties of donepezil by measuring the effect on [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i in cells stimulated with veratridine. At 0.1-10 microM, donepezil significantly and concentration-dependently reduced the veratridine-induced increase of [Ca2+]i, whereas MK801 had no effect. At 10 microM, donepezil significantly decreased the veratridine-induced increase of [Na+]i. We also measured the effect on veratridine-induced release of the excitatory amino acids, glutamate and glycine. While donepezil decreased the release of glutamate and glycine, MK801 did not. In conclusion, our results indicate that donepezil has neuroprotective activity against depolarization-induced toxicity in rat cortical neurons via inhibition of the rapid influx of sodium and calcium ions, and via decrease of glutamate and glycine release, and also that this depolarization-induced toxicity is mediated by glutamate receptor activation.
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