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Chang X, Shen Y, Yang M, Yun L, Liu Z, Feng S, Yang G, Meng X, Su X. Antipsychotic drug-induced behavioral abnormalities in common carp: The potential involvement of the gut microbiota-brain axis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134444. [PMID: 38701724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The effects of antipsychotic drugs on aquatic organisms have received widespread attention owing to their widespread use and continued release in aquatic environments. The toxicological effects of antipsychotics on aquatic organisms, particularly fish, are unexplored, and the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This study aimed to use common carp to explore the effects of antipsychotics (olanzapine [OLA] and risperidone [RIS]) on behavior and the potential mechanisms driving these effects. The fish were exposed to OLA (0.1 and 10 μg/L) and RIS (0.03 and 3 μg/L) for 60 days. Behavioral tests and neurological indicators showed that exposure to antipsychotics could cause behavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity in common carp. Further, 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed gut microbiota alteration and decreased relative abundance of some strains related to SCFA production after OLA and RIS exposure. Subsequently, a pseudo-sterile common carp model was successfully constructed, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from antipsychotic-exposed fish caused behavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity in pseudo-sterile fish. Further, SCFA supplementation demonstrated that SCFAs ameliorated the behavioral abnormalities and neurological damage caused by antipsychotic exposure. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the effects of antipsychotics on various complex behaviors (swimming performance and social behavior) in common carp, highlighting the potential health risks associated with antipsychotic drug-induced neurotoxicity in fish. Although these results do not fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of antipsychotic drugs on fish behavior, they serve as a valuable initial investigation and form the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Yihao Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lili Yun
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Shikun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Kong CH, Cho K, Min JW, Kim JY, Park K, Kim DY, Jeon M, Kang WC, Jung SY, Lee JY, Ryu JH. Oleanolic acid alleviates the extrapyramidal symptoms and cognitive impairment induced by haloperidol through the striatal PKA signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115639. [PMID: 37812895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol, one of the representative typical antipsychotics, is on the market for schizophrenia but shows severe adverse effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or cognitive impairments. Oleanolic acid (OA) is known to be effective for tardive dyskinesia which is induced by long-term treatment with L-DOPA. This study aimed to investigate whether OA could ameliorate EPS or cognitive impairment induced by haloperidol. The balance beam, catalepsy response, rotarod and vacuous chewing movement (VCM) tests were performed to measure EPS and the novel object recognition test was used to estimate haloperidol-induced cognitive impairment. Levels of dopamine and acetylcholine, the phosphorylation levels of c-AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and its downstream signaling molecules were measured in the striatum. OA significantly attenuated EPS and cognitive impairment induced by haloperidol without affecting its antipsychotic properties. Valbenazine only ameliorated VCM. Also, OA normalised the levels of dopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum which were increased by haloperidol. Furthermore, the increased phosphorylated PKA, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) levels and c-FOS expression level induced by haloperidol were significantly decreased by OA in the striatum. In addition, cataleptic behaviour of haloperidol was reversed by sub-effective dose of H-89 with OA. These results suggest that OA can alleviate EPS and cognitive impairment induced by antipsychotics without interfering with antipsychotic properties via regulating neurotransmitter levels and the PKA signaling pathway in the striatum. Therefore, OA is a potential candidate for treating EPS and cognitive impairment induced by antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Min
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Kim
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Wronski AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence and aquatic hazards of antipsychotics in sewage influents, effluent discharges and surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121042. [PMID: 36646406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing reports of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, aquatic hazard information remains limited for many contaminants, particularly for sublethal, chronic responses plausibly linked to molecular initiation events that are largely conserved across vertebrates. Here, we critically examined available refereed information on the occurrence of 67 antipsychotics in wastewater effluent and surface waters. Because the majority of sewage remains untreated around the world, we also examined occurrence in sewage influents. When sufficient information was available, we developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for each compound in each matrix by geographic region. We then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using therapeutic hazard values (THVs) of each compound, due to limited sublethal aquatic toxicology information for this class of pharmaceuticals. From these PEHAs, we determined predicted exceedances of the respective THVs for each chemical among matrices and regions, noting that THV values of antipsychotic contaminants are typically lower than other classes of human pharmaceuticals. Diverse exceedances were observed, and these aquatic hazards varied by compound, matrix and geographic region. In wastewater effluent discharges and surface waters, sulpiride was the most detected antipsychotic; however, percent exceedances of the THV were minimal (0.6%) for this medication. In contrast, we observed elevated aquatic hazards for chlorpromazine (30.5%), aripiprazole (37.5%), and perphenazine (68.7%) in effluent discharges, and for chlorprothixene (35.4%) and flupentixol (98.8%) in surface waters. Elevated aquatic hazards for relatively understudied antipsychotics were identified, which highlight important data gaps for future environmental chemistry and toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wronski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Yu Y, Zhang Q, Liu G, Deng Y, Kang J, Zhang F, Lu T, Sun L, Qian H. Proteomic analysis of zebrafish brain damage induced by Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148865. [PMID: 34246136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms constitute a global ecological problem that can seriously threaten human health. One of the most common bloom-forming cyanobacteria in freshwater is Microcystis aeruginosa, whose secretion of toxic substances (microcystins, MCs) have strong liver toxicity and endanger the health of exposed people through contaminated aquatic products and drinking water. However, few studies on the neurotoxicity of M. aeruginosa to zebrafish have simulated the process of an actual cyanobacterial bloom. In this study, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an effective model organism to study the acute neurotoxicity of M. aeruginosa, and to clarify its principal mechanism of action. A total of 82 upregulated and 26 downregulated proteins were detected by quantitative proteomics analysis in zebrafish brain after exposure to M. aeruginosa. Intriguingly, these proteins with changed expression were related to Synaptic vesicle cycle and terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis pathway, such as ACAT, STX1A, and V-ATPase. The obtained results uniformly indicated that the neurotoxicity of M. aeruginosa seriously damaged the neurotransmitter conduction in the nervous system and brain information storage and transmission of zebrafish and makes it more susceptible to neurological diseases. Our study provides a new perspective on the neurotoxicity risk of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Escudero J, Muñoz JL, Morera-Herreras T, Hernandez R, Medrano J, Domingo-Echaburu S, Barceló D, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Antipsychotics as environmental pollutants: An underrated threat? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144634. [PMID: 33485196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous class of what we nowadays call antipsychotics was born almost 70 years ago with the serendipitous discovery of chlorpromazine. Their utilization is constantly growing because they are used to treat a diverse group of diseases and patients across all age groups: schizophrenia, bipolar disease, depression, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, among others. They possess a complex pharmacological profile, acting on multiple receptors: dopaminergic, serotoninergic, histaminergic, adrenergic, and cholinergic, leading scientists to call them "agents with rich pharmacology" or "dirty drugs". Serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, histamine and their respective receptors are evolutionary ancient compounds, and as such, are found in many different living beings in the environment. Antipsychotics do not disappear once excreted by patient's urine or faeces and are transported to wastewater treatment plants. But as these plant's technology is not designed to eliminate drugs and their metabolites, a variable proportion of the administered dose ends up in the environment, where they have been found in almost every matrix: municipal wastewater, hospital sewage, rivers, lakes, sea and even drinking water. We believe that reported concentrations found in the environment might be high enough to exert significant effect to aquatic wildlife. Besides, recent studies suggest antipsychotics, among others, are very likely bioaccumulating through the web food. Crucially, psychotropics may provoke behavioural changes affecting populations' dynamics at lower concentrations. We believe that so far, antipsychotics have not received the attention they deserve with regards to drug pollution, and that their role as environmental pollutants has been underrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Escudero
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Epidemiology and Public Health, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J L Muñoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - T Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R Hernandez
- Internal Medicine Service, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Araba Mental Health Network, C/Álava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - J Medrano
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Mental Health Network Research Group, Osakidetza, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - S Domingo-Echaburu
- Pharmacy Service, Alto Deba-Integrated Health Care Organization, Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore.; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - U Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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6
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Trigueiro NSDS, Canedo A, Braga DLDS, Luchiari AC, Rocha TL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model System in the Global South: Two Decades of Research in Brazil. Zebrafish 2020; 17:412-425. [PMID: 33090089 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging model system in several research areas worldwide, especially in the Global South. In this context, the present study revised the historical use and trends of zebrafish as experimental models in Brazil. The data concerning the bibliometric parameters, research areas, geographic distribution, experimental design, zebrafish strain, and reporter lines, as well as recent advances were revised. In addition, the comparative trends of Brazilian and global research were discussed. Revised data showed the rapid growth of Brazilian scientific production using zebrafish as a model, especially in three main research areas (Neuroscience &and Behavior, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Environment/Ecology). Studies were conducted in 19 Brazilian states (70.37%), confirming the wide geographic distribution and importance of zebrafish research. Results indicated that research related to toxicological approaches are widespread in Global South countries such as Brazil. Studies were performed mainly using in vivo tests (89.58%) with adult fish (59.75%) and embryos (30.67%). Moreover, significant research gaps and recommendations for future research are presented. The present study shows that the zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate model system in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aryelle Canedo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lôbo de Siqueira Braga
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Becerra-Amezcua MP, Hernández-Sámano AC, Puch-Hau C, Aguilar MB, Collí-Dulá RC. Effect of pterois volitans (lionfish) venom on cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103359. [PMID: 32146351 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pterois volitans venom induces muscular fibrillation, which results from nerve transmission caused by the presence of acetylcholine (ACh). It also has cardiovascular effects that are due to its actions on muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. In this study, we characterized the effects of P. volitans venom on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and dopaminergic neurons. After exposure to P. volitans venom, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mRNA levels and the expression of the α2 subunit of nAChR increased in zebrafish embryos (15-20 somites). In addition, the lionfish venom blocked zebrafish α2 nAChR subunit functional expression and the ACh-induced response of human neuronal α3β2 receptors. The latter receptor was blocked by a protein fraction named F2, which was isolated from P. volitans venom using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). This venom causes death in dopaminergic neurons, and affects the cholinergic system. The effect of these two systems may result in retarded embryonic development of zebrafish, since the two systems function in a related manner to control growth hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra P Becerra-Amezcua
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Arisaí C Hernández-Sámano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Puch-Hau
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manuel B Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Reyna C Collí-Dulá
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico
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Ye X, Yang L, Stanley D, Li F, Fang Q. Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4985. [PMID: 28694460 PMCID: PMC5504014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among its other biological roles, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), encoded by two ace in most insects, catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby terminating synaptic transmission. ace1 encodes the synaptic enzyme and ace2 has other essential actions in many insect species, such as Chilo suppressalis and Plutella xylostella. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been domesticated for more than two thousand years and its aces have no history of pesticide exposure. Here, we investigated the functional differences between two ace genes, BmAce1 and BmAce2, in the silkworm. qPCR analysis indicated that BmAce1 is highly expressed in muscle and BmAce2 is more ubiquitously expressed among tissues and enriched in the head. Both genes were separately suppressed using chemically synthesized siRNAs. The mRNA abundance of the two ace genes was significantly reduced to about 13% - 75% of the control levels after siRNA injection. The AChE activities were decreased to 32% to 85% of control levels. Silencing BmAce2 resulted in about 26% mortality, faster and higher than the 20% in the siBmAce1-treated group. Silencing BmAce1 impacted motor control and development to a greater extent than silencing BmAce2, although both treatment groups suffered motor disability, slowed development and reduced cocoons. Both genes have essential, differing biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qi Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Developing zebrafish models relevant to PTSD and other trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:67-79. [PMID: 25138994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma- and stress-related disorders (TSRDs) represent a serious societal and public health concern, their pathogenesis is largely unknown. Given the clinical complexity of TSRD development and susceptibility, greater investigation into candidate biomarkers and specific genetic pathways implicated in both risk and resilience to trauma becomes critical. In line with this, numerous animal models have been extensively used to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of PTSD and related TSRD. Here, we discuss the rapidly increasing potential of zebrafish as models of these disorders, and how their use may aid researchers in uncovering novel treatments and therapies in this field.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is an important health issue affecting almost 1% of the population with significant unmet medical needs. The classical drug targets for the treatment of schizophrenia are dopamine D2 receptors. Second-generation ('atypical') drugs block more receptors of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) class 1 (e.g., clozapine is a D(2)-5HT(2) antagonist). AREAS COVERED In this article, the author presents the new targets for GPCR as well as ligand-gated ion. Furthermore, the author reviews the opportunities for drug design offered by the structures solved recently. EXPERT OPINION For drug design, the availability of these protein structures, or the possibility to build high quality models, allows to shift the paradigm from ligand-based to target-based drug design. The analysis of the drugs, both on the market and in development, shows that numerous targets are being considered which may reveal an ambiguity on the ideal drug target. This situation may be simplified, in the future, owing to recent integrative projects: the 'Human Brain Project' and the 'Brain Activity Map' that aim at modeling the brain as well as the Allen Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Taly
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique - UPR 9080 , 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris , France +33 0 1 58 41 51 66 ;
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11
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Savio LEB, Vuaden FC, Kist LW, Pereira TC, Rosemberg DB, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Wyse ATS. Proline-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase activity and gene expression in zebrafish brain: reversal by antipsychotic drugs. Neuroscience 2013; 250:121-8. [PMID: 23867765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperprolinemia is an inherited disorder of proline metabolism and hyperprolinemic patients can present neurological manifestations, such as seizures, cognitive dysfunctions, and schizoaffective disorders. However, the mechanisms related to these symptoms are still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo and in vitro effects of proline on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and gene expression in the zebrafish brain. For the in vivo studies, animals were exposed at two proline concentrations (1.5 and 3.0mM) during 1h or 7 days (short- or long-term treatments, respectively). For the in vitro assays, different proline concentrations (ranging from 3.0 to 1000 μM) were tested. Long-term proline exposures significantly increased AChE activity for both treated groups when compared to the control (34% and 39%). Moreover, the proline-induced increase on AChE activity was completely reverted by acute administration of antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol and sulpiride), as well as the changes induced in ache expression. When assessed in vitro, proline did not promote significant changes in AChE activity. Altogether, these data indicate that the enzyme responsible for the control of acetylcholine levels might be altered after proline exposure in the adult zebrafish. These findings contribute for better understanding of the pathophysiology of hyperprolinemia and might reinforce the use of the zebrafish as a complementary vertebrate model for studying inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E B Savio
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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He G, Sun Y, Li F. RNA interference of two acetylcholinesterase genes in Plutella xylostella reveals their different functions. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 79:75-86. [PMID: 22392769 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) is an important enzyme with a typical function of degrading the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Although two ace genes were reported in Plutella xylostella, their function differences remain largely unknown. The chemically synthesized siRNAs (si-Pxace1 and si-Pxace2) were injected into the second instar larvae to knock down Pxace1 and Pxace2, either respectively or simultaneously. The mRNA abundance of Pxace1 and Pxace2 was significantly reduced to 7-33.5% of the control levels at 72 h after siRNA injection. The AChE activities were significantly decreased at 96 h after treatment. Silencing of Pxace1 or Pxace2 resulted in mortality of 33.9 and 22.9%, respectively. The survivors in siRNA-treated groups had apparent growth inhibition such as reduction in larvae weights and lengths, malformation and motor retardation. Knockdown of Pxace1 apparently affected more on larvae growth than that of Pxace2, suggesting that Pxace1 had more important roles than Pxace2. Both Pxace1 and Pxace2 genes might have atypical functions in regulating larvae growth and motor ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Lee SH, Kim HR, Han RX, Oqani RK, Jin DI. Cardiovascular risk assessment of atypical antipsychotic drugs in a zebrafish model. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:466-70. [PMID: 22120642 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish model has been developed and evaluated for its ability to predict the toxicity of chemicals. Zebrafish additionally serve as an excellent model for assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity, although zebrafish and mammalian hearts differ in structure. Recently, regulatory authorities have expressed concerns about a possible relationship between antipsychotics and risk of QTc interval prolongation, serious arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. In the current study, we performed a cardiovascular risk assessment of six atypical antipsychotic drugs in zebrafish, specifically, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. Visual endpoints, such as lethality, edema (the presence of heart and trunk edema), hemorrhage (clustering of a pool of blood in an area outside the normal circulation), abnormal body shape (including bent or misshapen caudal region of the larvae) and motility, were evaluated as general toxicity endpoints, and the heart beat rate calculated as the cardiovascular toxicity endpoint. The zebrafish model facilitates determination of the heart beat rate, and may thus be an attractive screening tool for cardiovascular risk assessment of atypical antipsychotic drugs to understand the variations in response to QT-prolonging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Gung-dong 220, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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14
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Hui XM, Yang LW, He GL, Yang QP, Han ZJ, Li F. RNA interference of ace1 and ace2 in Chilo suppressalis reveals their different contributions to motor ability and larval growth. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 20:507-518. [PMID: 21518395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) is a key enzyme in terminating synaptic transmission. We knocked down the expression of Csace1 or Csace2 using chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) designed from divergent regions. The mRNA abundance of the two ace genes was reduced to 50-70% of control levels. The enzyme activities were decreased to 40-70%. Silencing of Csace1 or Csace2 resulted in a ~25% mortality rate. Knockdown of Csace1 had major effects on larval growth inhibition and resulted in reduced larval weight and length, malformation and motor disability, whereas silencing of Csace2 had only minor effects. These results suggested that both AChE-1 and AChE-2 have important roles in maintaining life in this insect and indicated that AChE-1 might have nontypical functions in regulating larval growth and motor ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-M Hui
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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15
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Rico EP, Rosemberg DB, Seibt KJ, Capiotti KM, Da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Zebrafish neurotransmitter systems as potential pharmacological and toxicological targets. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:608-17. [PMID: 21907791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in neurobiology have emphasized the study of brain structure and function and its association with numerous pathological and toxicological events. Neurotransmitters are substances that relay, amplify, and modulate electrical signals between neurons and other cells. Neurotransmitter signaling mediates rapid intercellular communication by interacting with cell surface receptors, activating second messenger systems and regulating the activity of ion channels. Changes in the functional balance of neurotransmitters have been implicated in the failure of central nervous system function. In addition, abnormalities in neurotransmitter production or functioning can be induced by several toxicological compounds, many of which are found in the environment. The zebrafish has been increasingly used as an animal model for biomedical research, primarily due to its genetic tractability and ease of maintenance. These features make this species a versatile tool for pre-clinical drug discovery and toxicological investigations. Here, we present a review regarding the role of different excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish, such as dopaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic, purinergic, histaminergic, nitrergic, glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic systems, and emphasizing their features as pharmacological and toxicological targets. The increase in the global knowledge of neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish and the elucidation of their pharmacological and toxicological aspects may lead to new strategies and appropriate research priorities to offer insights for biomedical and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Rico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Maximino C, Herculano AM. A Review of Monoaminergic Neuropsychopharmacology in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2010; 7:359-78. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2010.0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium
| | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium
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Xing H, Han Y, Li S, Wang J, Wang X, Xu S. Alterations in mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase in brain and muscle of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1666-1670. [PMID: 20696475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The uses of pesticides and herbicides have become an integral part of modern agricultural systems. The intensive use of pesticides chlorpyrifos (CPF) and herbicides atrazine (ATR) has resulted in serious environmental problems. Herein, we have developed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) mRNA. The levels of AChE mRNA were evaluated in brain and muscle collected from common carp by treatment of ATR, CPF, and their mixture. The decreased transcription of AChE was detected in both tissues at different doses of the toxicants in the end of exposure tests, and the changes were improved in the end of recovery tests in varying degrees. It is suggested that transcription inhibition of AChE might be significant in long-playing single or associated exposure of ATR and CPF in common carp. Alteration in transcription of AChE caused by ATR, CPF, and their mixture could reveal the toxic mechanisms related to cholinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
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18
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Siebel AM, Rico EP, Capiotti KM, Piato AL, Cusinato CT, Franco TMA, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. In vitro effects of antiepileptic drugs on acetylcholinesterase and ectonucleotidase activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1279-84. [PMID: 20362660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), and gabapentine (GBP) are classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that act through a variety of mechanisms. We have tested the in vitro effects of CBZ, PHT, and GBP at different concentrations on ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in zebrafish brain. CBZ inhibited ATP hydrolysis at 1000 microM (32%) whereas acetylcholine hydrolysis decreased at 500 microM (25.2%) and 1000 microM (38.7%). PHT increased AMP hydrolysis both at 500 microM (65%) and 1000 microM (64.8%). GBP did not promote any significant changes on ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities. These results have shown that CBZ can reduce NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and PHT enhance ecto 5'-nucleotidase activities. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the AEDs induced-effects on ectonucleotidases are related to enzyme anchorage form. Our findings have also shown that high CBZ concentrations inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, which can induce an increase of acetylcholine levels. Taken together, these results showed a complex interaction among AEDs, purinergic, and cholinergic systems, providing a better understanding of the AEDs pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Siebel
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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