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Akbarzadeh A, Ming TJ, Schulze AD, Kaukinen KH, Li S, Günther OP, Houde ALS, Miller KM. Developing molecular classifiers to detect environmental stressors, smolt stages and morbidity in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175626. [PMID: 39168345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic species are increasingly confronted with environmental stressors because of climate change. Although molecular technologies have advanced our understanding of how organisms respond to stressors in laboratory settings, the ability to detect physiological responses to specific stressors under complex field conditions remains underdeveloped. This research applied multi-stressor challenge trials on coho salmon, employing the "Salmon Fit-Chips" genomic tool and a random forest-based classification model to develop classifiers predictive for chronic thermal and hypoxic stress, as well as salinity acclimation, smolt stage and morbidity status. The study also examined how smolts and de-smolts (smolts not having entered SW during the smolt window) responded transcriptionally to exposure to saltwater. Using RF classifiers optimized with 4 to 12 biomarkers, we identified transcriptional signatures that accurately predicted the presence of each stressor and physiological state, achieving prediction accuracy rates between 86.8 % and 100 %, regardless of other background stressors present. Stressor recovery time was established by placing fish back into non-stressor conditions after stress exposure, providing important context to stressor detections in field applications. Recovery from thermal and hypoxic stress requires about 3 and 2 days, respectively, with >3 days needed for re-acclimation to freshwater for seawater acclimated fish. The study also found non-additive (synergistic) effects of multiple stressors on mortality risk. Importantly, osmotic stress associated with de-smolts was the most important predictor of mortality. In saltwater, de-smolts exposed to salinity, high temperature, and hypoxia experienced a 9-fold increase in mortality compared to those only exposed to saltwater, suggesting a synergistic response to multiple stressors. These findings suggest that delays in hatchery releases to support release of larger fish need to be carefully scrutinized to ensure fish are not being released as de-smolts, which are highly susceptible to additional climate-induced stressors like rising temperatures and reduced dissolved oxygen levels in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Akbarzadeh
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Tobi J Ming
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Angela D Schulze
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Karia H Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Shaorong Li
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Oliver P Günther
- Günther Analytics, 402-5775 Hampton Place, Vancouver, BC V6T 2G6, Canada
| | - Aimee Lee S Houde
- Environmental Dynamics Inc. (EDI), 208A - 2520 Bowen Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 3L3, Canada
| | - Kristina M Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
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Akbarzadeh A, Selbie DT, Pon LB, Miller KM. Endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon exhibit genomic evidence of hypoxic and thermal stresses while rearing in degrading freshwater lacustrine critical habitat. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab089. [PMID: 34858597 PMCID: PMC8633632 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water quality degradation due to lake eutrophication and climate change contributes to the risk of extirpation for the endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon. Sockeye salmon juveniles experience both low-oxygen water in profundal lake habitats and elevated temperatures above the thermocline during diel vertical migrations in summer and fall when the lake is thermally stratified. We used a transcriptomic tool (Salmon Fit-Chip) to determine whether salmon were experiencing thermal and/or hypoxic stress during this period. The results showed that over one-third of the fish were responding to either hypoxic (35.5%) or thermal stress (40.9%) during periods when these environmental stressors were pronounced within the lake, but not during periods when profundal dissolved oxygen was elevated and the water column was isothermal and cool. The most consistent signs of hypoxic stress occurred during July (52.2%) and September (44.4%). A total of 25.7% of individual fish sampled during months when both stressors were occurring (July, September, October) showed signatures of both stressors. When a combination of hypoxic and thermal stress biomarkers was applied, 92% of fish showed evidence of one or both stressors; hence, for at least several months of the year, most sockeye salmon juveniles in Cultus Lake are experiencing anthropogenically environmentally induced stress. We also detected the presence of pathogenic ciliate Ichthyoptherius multifiliis in the gill tissue of juveniles, with a higher infection signal in Cultus Lake compared to juveniles from nearby Chilliwack Lake. These data provide powerful new evidence that Cultus Lake sockeye salmon, which experience relatively lower juvenile survival than Chilliwack sockeye salmon, are more compromised by stress and carry a higher level of infection of at least one pathogenic agent. Thus, we hypothesize that the cumulative or synergistic interplay between stressors and diseases, clearly documented to be occurring within Cultus Lake, are contributing to increased mortality of endangered sockeye salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Akbarzadeh
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7, Canada
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, 9th km of Minab Road, Bandar Abbas, 79161 93145, Iran
| | - Daniel T Selbie
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory, 4222 Columbia Valley Hwy, Cultus Lake, British Columbia, V2R 5B6, Canada
| | - Lucas B Pon
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory, 4222 Columbia Valley Hwy, Cultus Lake, British Columbia, V2R 5B6, Canada
| | - Kristina M Miller
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, 9th km of Minab Road, Bandar Abbas, 79161 93145, Iran
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Xia YT, Hu WH, Wu QY, Dong TTX, Duan R, Xiao J, Li SP, Qin QW, Wang WX, Tsim KWK. The herbal extract deriving from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis shows anti-inflammation and anti-hypoxia responses in cultured fin cells from rabbit fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:71-78. [PMID: 32738512 PMCID: PMC7387939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line derived from dorsal fin of rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens was developed and characterized. The cell line was isolated from the dorsal fin, named as rabbit fish fin (RFF) cell line, and which was sub-cultured for 50 cycles since the development. This cell line was tested for growth in different temperatures and serum concentrations, and the best growing condition was at 20% serum at 28 °C. In cultured RFF cells, amplification of 18S rRNA from genomic DNA and immunostaining of cellular cytokeratin confirmed the proper identity of S. fuscescens fish. After 30th passage of cultures, the cells were exposed to challenge of inflammation, triggered by LPS, and hypoxia, mimicked by CoCl2. Cultured RFF cells showed robust sensitive responses to inflammation and hypoxia in directing the expressions of cytokines and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The water extract of aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBA) has been shown in rabbit fish to prevent inflammation. Here, we extended this notion of testing the efficacy of SBA extract in the developed cultured RFF cells. Application of SBA extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, as well as the signaling of NF-κB. The application of CoCl2 in cultured RFF cells triggered the hypoxia-induced cell death and up regulation of HIF-1α. As expected, applied SBA extract in the cultures prevented the hypoxia-induced signaling. Our results show the established RFF cell line may be served as an ideal in vitro model in drug screening relating to inflammation and hypoxia. Additionally, we are supporting the usage of SBA herbal extract in fish aquaculture, which possesses efficacy against inflammation and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Identification of Hypoxia-Specific Biomarkers in Salmonids Using RNA-Sequencing and Validation Using High-Throughput qPCR. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:3321-3336. [PMID: 32694198 PMCID: PMC7466982 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying early gene expression responses to hypoxia (i.e., low dissolved oxygen) as a tool to assess the degree of exposure to this stressor is crucial for salmonids, because they are increasingly exposed to hypoxic stress due to anthropogenic habitat change, e.g., global warming, excessive nutrient loading, and persistent algal blooms. Our goal was to discover and validate gill gene expression biomarkers specific to the hypoxia response in salmonids across multi-stressor conditions. Gill tissue was collected from 24 freshwater juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), held in normoxia [dissolved oxygen (DO) > 8 mg L-1] and hypoxia (DO = 4‒5 mg L-1) in 10 and 18° temperatures for up to six days. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was then used to discover 240 differentially expressed genes between hypoxic and normoxic conditions, but not affected by temperature. The most significantly differentially expressed genes had functional roles in the cell cycle and suppression of cell proliferation associated with hypoxic conditions. The most significant genes (n = 30) were selected for real-time qPCR assay development. These assays demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) between the expression values from RNA-seq and the fold changes from qPCR. Further, qPCR of the 30 candidate hypoxia biomarkers was applied to an additional 322 Chinook salmon exposed to hypoxic and normoxic conditions to reveal the top biomarkers to define hypoxic stress. Multivariate analyses revealed that smolt stage, water salinity, and morbidity status were relevant factors to consider with the expression of these genes in relation to hypoxic stress. These hypoxia candidate genes will be put into application screening Chinook salmon to determine the identity of stressors impacting the fish.
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Li HL, Lin HR, Xia JH. Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Alternative Isoform Regulations in Gill of Nile Tilapia in Response to Acute Hypoxia. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:551-562. [PMID: 28920148 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish often encounters exposures to acute environmental hypoxia either spatially or temporally. Gill organ plays important roles in response to hypoxic stress in fish. Few studies focus on the molecular regulation mechanisms of gills under hypoxic stress. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic response to 12-h acute hypoxia in gill of a hypoxia tolerant fish, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We sequenced messenger RNA from three control samples and three hypoxia-treated samples. Bioinformatics analysis identified 239 differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 34 genes (DUES) that had significant differential alternative isoform regulation events in at least one exonic region in gill in response to acute hypoxia. The spatiotemporal expression analysis in five tissues (heart, liver, brain, gill, and spleen) sampled at three time points (6, 12, and 24 h) under hypoxia treatment confirmed the significant association of differential exon usages in two DUES genes (TLDC2 and SSX2IPA) with hypoxia conditions. Further functional analysis suggested several energy and immune response-related pathways, e.g., metabolic pathway and antigen processing and presentation, contained the most abundant DEG genes. We found that some GO biological processes for DEG genes were significantly enriched under hypoxic stress, such as glycolysis, metabolic process, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, and cholesterol metabolic process. Our findings suggest abundant differential gene expression changes and alternative isoform regulation events in genes involved in the hypoxia response in gill. Our results provide a basis for exploring the gene regulation mechanism under hypoxic stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Li HL, Gu XH, Li BJ, Chen CH, Lin HR, Xia JH. Genome-Wide QTL Analysis Identified Significant Associations Between Hypoxia Tolerance and Mutations in the GPR132 and ABCG4 Genes in Nile Tilapia. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:441-453. [PMID: 28698960 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia induces both acute and chronic stress responses, which plays an important role in health of cultured organisms including growth, reproduction, immunity, and other energy demanding activities. Application of advanced genomic technologies allows rapid identification of hypoxia trait-associated genes and precise selection of superior brood stocks with high tolerance in tilapia. By applying QTL-seq and double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) techniques, we identified four genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for hypoxia tolerance and many suggestive QTLs in Nile tilapia. These QTLs explained 6.6-14.7% of the phenotypic variance. Further analysis revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons of both GPR132 and ABCG4 genes located in genome-wide QTL intervals were significantly associated with hypoxia-tolerant traits. Expression analysis of both genes suggested that they were strong candidate genes involved into hypoxia tolerance in tilapia. Our findings suggest that both QTL-seq and ddRAD-seq techniques can be effectively utilized in QTL mapping of hypoxia traits in fish. Our data supply a basis for further marker-assisted selection of super lines with a high level of tolerance against low oxygen stress in the tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Yang S, Yan T, Wu H, Xiao Q, Fu HM, Luo J, Zhou J, Zhao LL, Wang Y, Yang SY, Sun JL, Ye X, Li SJ. Acute hypoxic stress: Effect on blood parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and expression of HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1 genes in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:449-458. [PMID: 28619363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a crucial role in survival, growth, and normal physiological functions of aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in hypoxic stress and adaptation have not been fully elucidated in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). To reveal the effect of acute hypoxia on Largemouth bass, we simulated acute hypoxia (DO: 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L) in the laboratory and analyzed physiological parameters (RBCs, Hb, SOD, CAT, NA+/K+-ATPase, GPx, and MDA) and gene expression (HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1) in Largemouth bass exposed to various durations of acute hypoxia (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). Our results indicated that acute hypoxic exposure significantly increased RBCs but decreased Hb. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced significantly in the liver and muscles at the initial stage of acute hypoxic exposure, but decreased significantly in gills during the entire process of hypoxic exposure. Furthermore, the expression levels of HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1 mRNA were significantly up-regulated in Largemouth bass under acute hypoxic exposure. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable basis for further elucidation of hypoxic adaptation and facilitates husbandry for an economically valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - T Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - H Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Q Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - H M Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - L L Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - S Y Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J L Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - X Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, GuangZhou, 510380, China
| | - S J Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, GuangZhou, 510380, China
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Almeida LZ, Guffey SC, Sepúlveda MS, Höök TO. Behavioral and physiological responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to moderate hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 209:47-55. [PMID: 28434794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While severe hypoxia can be lethal and is usually avoided by mobile aquatic organisms, moderate hypoxic conditions are likely more prevalent and may affect organisms, such as fishes, in a variety of systems. However, fishes have the potential to adjust physiologically and behaviorally and thus reduce the negative effects of hypoxia. Quantifying such physiological responses may shed light on the ability of fishes to tolerate reduced oxygen concentrations. This study assessed how two different hatchery populations of yellow perch Perca flavescens, a fish that is likely to encounter moderate hypoxic conditions in a variety of systems, responded to moderate hypoxic exposure through three experiments: 1) a behavioral foraging experiment, 2) an acute exposure experiment, and 3) a chronic exposure experiment. No marked behavioral or physiological adjustments were observed in response to hypoxia (e.g., hemoglobin, feeding rate, movement frequency, gene expression did not change to a significant degree), possibly indicating a high tolerance level in this species. This may allow yellow perch to utilize areas of moderate hypoxia to continue foraging while avoiding predators that may be more sensitive to moderately low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zoe Almeida
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA; Ecological Sciences and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Samuel C Guffey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Tomas O Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
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9
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Long Y, Yan J, Song G, Li X, Li X, Li Q, Cui Z. Transcriptional events co-regulated by hypoxia and cold stresses in Zebrafish larvae. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:385. [PMID: 25975375 PMCID: PMC4432979 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia and temperature stress are two major adverse environmental conditions often encountered by fishes. The interaction between hypoxia and temperature stresses has been well documented and oxygen is considered to be the limiting factor for the thermal tolerance of fish. Although both high and low temperature stresses can impair the cardiovascular function and the cross-resistance between hypoxia and heat stress has been found, it is not clear whether hypoxia acclimation can protect fish from cold injury. RESULTS Pre-acclimation of 96-hpf zebrafish larvae to mild hypoxia (5% O2) significantly improved their resistance to lethal hypoxia (2.5% O2) and increased the survival rate of zebrafish larvae after lethal cold (10°C) exposure. However, pre-acclimation of 96-hpf larvae to cold (18°C) decreased their tolerance to lethal hypoxia although their ability to endure lethal cold increased. RNA-seq analysis identified 132 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated genes upon mild hypoxia exposure. Gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that genes up-regulated by hypoxia are primarily involved in oxygen transport, oxidation-reduction process, hemoglobin biosynthetic process, erythrocyte development and cellular iron ion homeostasis. Hypoxia-inhibited genes are enriched in inorganic anion transport, sodium ion transport, very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process and cytidine deamination. A comparison with the dataset of cold-regulated gene expression identified 23 genes co-induced by hypoxia and cold and these genes are mainly associated with oxidation-reduction process, oxygen transport, hemopoiesis, hemoglobin biosynthetic process and cellular iron ion homeostasis. The alleviation of lipid peroxidation damage by both cold- and hypoxia-acclimation upon lethal cold stress suggests the association of these genes with cold resistance. Furthermore, the alternative promoter of hmbsb gene specifically activated by hypoxia and cold was identified and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Acclimation responses to mild hypoxia and cold stress were found in zebrafish larvae and pre-acclimation to hypoxia significantly improved the tolerance of larvae to lethal cold stress. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses revealed the biological processes associated with hypoxia acclimation. Transcriptional events co-induced by hypoxia and cold may represent the molecular basis underlying the protection of hypoxia-acclimation against cold injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Long
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Junjun Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guili Song
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xixi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Zongbin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Cheung CHY, Chiu JMY, Wu RSS. Hypoxia turns genotypic female medaka fish into phenotypic males. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1260-9. [PMID: 25011919 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia caused by eutrophication is amongst the most pressing global problems in aquatic systems. Notably, more than 400 "dead zones" have been identified worldwide, resulting in large scale collapse of fisheries and major changes in the structure and trophodynamics. Recent studies further discovered that hypoxia can also disrupt sex hormone metabolism and alter the sexual differentiation of fish, resulting in male biased F1 generations and therefore posing a threat to the sustainability of natural populations. However, it is not known whether, and if so how, hypoxia can also change the sex ratio in vertebrates that have sex-determining XX/XY chromosomes. Using the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model, we demonstrate, for the first time, that hypoxia can turn genotypic female fish with XX chromosomes into phenotypic males. Over half of the XX females exposed to hypoxia exhibit male secondary sexual characteristics and develop testis instead of ovary. We further revealed that hypoxia can: (a) down-regulate the vasa gene, which controls proliferation of primordial germ cells and gonadal sex differentiation into ovary, and (b) up-regulate the DMY gene which resides at the sex-determining locus of the Y chromosome, and direct testis differentiation. This is the first report that hypoxia can directly act on genes that regulate sex determination and differentiation, thereby turning genotypic females into phenotypic males and leading to a male-dominant F1 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catis Hin Ying Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Olsvik PA, Vikeså V, Lie KK, Hevrøy EM. Transcriptional responses to temperature and low oxygen stress in Atlantic salmon studied with next-generation sequencing technology. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:817. [PMID: 24261939 PMCID: PMC4046827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Warmer seawater as a result of climate change may impose environmental challenges for Atlantic salmon aquaculture in its southernmost geographic range. Seawater temperatures above optimal level for growth may be reached in the warmest summer weeks. Caged fish can experience temperature and low oxygen saturation stress during such episodes, raising fish welfare and productivity concerns. In this work we compare the transcriptional responses in Atlantic salmon exposed to chronic high temperature (19°C) and low oxygen saturation (4-5 mg/L) stress. Results We used next-generation sequencing and RT-qPCR to screen for effects, and focused on growth regulation and oxidative stress in fish exposed to sub-optimal conditions. Both prolonged temperature (45 days) and low oxygen (120 days) stress had a significant negative effect on growth. The main effect of heat stress appears to be a general reduced transcriptional rate in salmon liver, while mechanisms typically associated with responses induced by chemical drugs were stimulated. Heat stress significantly down-regulated several transcripts encoding proteins involved in the protection against oxidative stress, including CuZn SOD, Mn SOD, GPx1 and GR, as well as additional stress markers HIF1A, CYP1A, MTOR and PSMC2 (RT-qPCR data). In salmon held at low oxygen concentration for four months protein ubiquitination (protein catabolism) was the most strongly affected pathway. According to the RT-qPCR data, low oxygen stress significantly up-regulated the transcriptional levels of IGFBP1B and down-regulated the levels of GR. Pathway analysis suggests that high temperature and low oxygen saturation stress affects many similar mechanisms in Atlantic salmon. Based on the gene lists, six out of the top ten predicted upstream transcriptional regulators, 1,2-dithiol-3-thione sirolimus, CD437, 5-fluorouracil, HNF4A and NFE2L2, were similar between the two treatments. Conclusions In conclusion, temperature and low oxygen saturation stress affect many identical mechanisms in liver cells resulting in a metabolic depression, but these effects are not necessarily mediated through altered transcription of the same genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-817) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
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Mohindra V, Tripathi RK, Singh RK, Lal KK. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of three hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunits, HIF-1α, -2α and -3α in hypoxia-tolerant Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus [Linnaeus, 1758]. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5805-15. [PMID: 24065526 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at characterization of three HIF-α subunits, HIF-1α -2α and -3α from hypoxia-tolerant Clarias batrachus, as well as to elucidate their expression pattern under short and long-term hypoxic conditions and identification of biomarker candidate. The complete cDNAs of HIF-1α, -2α and -3α were 2,833, 4,270 and 3,256 bp in length, encoding 774, 818 and 628 amino acid residues, respectively. In C. batrachus, HIF-α subunits were structurally similar in DNA binding, dimerization, degradation and transcriptional activation domains, but differed in their oxygen-dependent degradation domains. Presence of c-Jun N-terminal kinase binding domain in HIF-α subunits was reported here for the first time in fish. In adult C. batrachus, three HIF-α mRNAs were detected in different tissues under normoxic conditions, however HIF-1α was highly expressed in all the tissues studied, in comparison to HIF-2α and -3α. Short-term hypoxia exposure caused significant increase in three HIF-α transcripts in brain, liver and head kidney, while after long-term hypoxia exposure, significant up-regulation of HIF-1α in spleen and -2α in muscle was observed and HIF-3α significantly down-regulated in head kidney. These observations suggest that the differential expression of HIF-α subunits in C. batrachus was hypoxic time period dependent and may play specialized roles in adaptive response to hypoxia. HIF-2α, with its highly elevated expression in muscle tissues, can be a robust biomarker candidate for exposure to hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Mohindra
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, UP, India,
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