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Wang L, Kang Y, Liang S, Chen D, Zhang Q, Zeng L, Luo J, Jiang F. Synergistic effect of co-exposure to cadmium (II) and 4-n-nonylphenol on growth inhibition and oxidative stress of Chlorella sorokiniana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:145-153. [PMID: 29459164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological effect of freshwater algae co-exposure to Cd and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) was seldom reported. In the present study, Chlorella sorokiniana was selected for testing the single and combined effect of Cd and 4-n-NP by detecting the growth inhibition and oxidative stress after exposure for 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. The combined effects were evaluated by using toxic units (TU) method and concentration addition(CA)model. The synergistic effect of mixture on algal growth inhibition was both observed at 48 h and 72 h, and the additive effect was observed at 96 h. In addition, the significant alterations of superoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione) have been detected. It could be observed that the mixture predominantly lead to synergistic effects in superoxide induction, and the antagonistic effects in the GSH induction. A similar trend between the superoxide induction and growth inhibition were observed, which may indicate that the oxidative effects of Chlorella sorokiniana contributed to the growth inhibition after exposure to Cd and 4-n-NP. These findings may have important implications in the risk assessments of heavy metals and endocrine disruptors in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyun Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Danying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Park SY, Chung J, Colman BP, Matson CW, Kim Y, Lee BC, Kim PJ, Choi K, Choi J. Ecotoxicity of bare and coated silver nanoparticles in the aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2023-2032. [PMID: 25892495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although sediment is generally considered to be the major sink for nanomaterials in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in the presence of sediment. In the present study, the ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a range of organic coatings was examined in a freshwater sediment-dwelling organism, Chironomus riparius, using acute and chronic ecotoxicity endpoints, including molecular indicators. The toxicity of AgNPs coated with different organic materials, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, and citrate, to C. riparius was compared with that of bare-AgNPs and AgNO3 (ionic silver). Total silver concentration was also measured to monitor the behavior of the AgNPs in water and sediment and to determine how ion dissolution affects the toxicity of all AgNPs. The coated- and bare-AgNPs caused DNA damage and oxidative stress-related gene expression. In addition, the bare-AgNPs and AgNO3 had a significant effect on development and reproduction. The surface coatings generally mitigated the toxicity of AgNPs to C. riparius, which can be explained by the reduced number of ions released from coated-AgNPs. Citrate-AgNPs caused the most significant alteration at the molecular level, but this did not translate to higher-level effects. Finally, comparing previously conducted studies on AgNP-induced gene expression without sediments, the authors show that the presence of sediment appears to mitigate the toxicity of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Chung
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin P Colman
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Cheon Lee
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Phil-Je Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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