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Doering JA, Dubiel J, Stock E, Collins CH, Frick I, Johnson HM, Lowrey-Dufour CM, Miller JGP, Xia Z, Tomy GT, Wiseman S. A Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway for Embryonic Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor of Fishes by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Leading to Decreased Fecundity at Adulthood. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39092785 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe the response-response relationships that link the magnitude and/or duration of chemical interaction with a specific molecular target to the probability and/or severity of the resulting apical-level toxicity of regulatory relevance. The present study developed the first qAOP for latent toxicities showing that early life exposure adversely affects health at adulthood. Specifically, a qAOP for embryonic activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) of fishes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leading to decreased fecundity of females at adulthood was developed by building on existing qAOPs for (1) activation of the AHR leading to early life mortality in birds and fishes, and (2) inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase activity leading to decreased fecundity in fishes. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model species and benzo[a]pyrene as a model PAH, three linked quantitative relationships were developed: (1) plasma estrogen in adult females as a function of embryonic exposure, (2) plasma vitellogenin in adult females as a function of plasma estrogen, and (3) fecundity of adult females as a function of plasma vitellogenin. A fourth quantitative relationship was developed for early life mortality as a function of sensitivity to activation of the AHR2 in a standardized in vitro AHR transactivation assay to integrate toxic equivalence calculations that would allow prediction of effects of exposure to untested PAHs. The accuracy of the predictions from the resulting qAOP were evaluated using experimental data from zebrafish exposed as embryos to another PAH, benzo[k]fluoranthene. The qAOP developed in the present study demonstrates the potential of the AOP framework in enabling consideration of latent toxicities in quantitative ecological risk assessments and regulatory decision-making. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-12. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Dubiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Stock
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron H Collins
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ian Frick
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hunter M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher M Lowrey-Dufour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Justin G P Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhe Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Grace J, Duran E, Ann Ottinger M, Maness T. Sublethal effects of early-life exposure to common and emerging contaminants in birds. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100190. [PMID: 39220619 PMCID: PMC11365322 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The plight of wild birds is becoming critical due to exposure to environmental contaminants. Although laboratory studies have provided insights into the developmental effects of chemical exposures, less is known about the adverse effects of environmental chemicals in developing wild birds. Early life stages are critical windows during which long-term organization of physiological, behavioral, and neurological systems can occur. Thus, contaminant exposure at early life stages can directly influence survival and reproductive success, with consequences for population stability and resilience in wild species. This review synthesizes existing knowledge regarding both short- and long-term effects of early-life exposure to widespread contaminants in birds. We focus especially on wild birds and on contaminants of concern within the Gulf of Mexico as an example of a habitat under anthropogenic stress from exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals and changing land uses that exacerbate existing vulnerabilities of wildlife in this region. Chemical contaminants for discussion in this review are based on avian mortality records from the Wildlife Health Information Sharing Partnership (WHISPers) database and on additional review of the literature regarding avian contaminants of concern for the northern Gulf of Mexico, and include oil and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, flame retardants, pesticides, heavy metals, and plastics. We provide an overview of effects in bird species at both the pre-hatching and post-hatching early life stages, discuss differences in sensitivities by route of exposure, life stage, and life history, and provide recommendations for future research. We find that additional research is needed on altricial species, post-hatching early-life exposure, long-term effects, and on ecologically relevant contaminant concentrations and routes of exposure. Given the increasing frequency and intensity of anthropogenic stressors encountered by wild animals, understanding both lethal and sublethal impacts of contaminants on the health of individuals and populations will be critical to inform restoration, management, and mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Grace
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2258, USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2258, USA
| | - Elena Duran
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2258, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Terri Maness
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
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Béziers P, Legrand E, Boulanger E, Basu N, Ewald JD, Henry P, Hecker M, Xia J, Karouna-Renier N, Crump D, Head J. Inconsistent Transcriptomic Responses to Hexabromocyclododecane in Japanese Quail: A Comparative Analysis of Results From Four Different Study Designs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39073395 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to use transcriptomics for toxicity testing have classically relied on the assumption that chemicals consistently produce characteristic transcriptomic signatures that are reflective of their mechanism of action. However, the degree to which transcriptomic responses are conserved across different test methodologies has seldom been explored. With increasing regulatory demand for New Approach Methods (NAMs) that use alternatives to animal models and high-content approaches such as transcriptomics, this type of comparative analysis is needed. We examined whether common genes are dysregulated in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) liver following sublethal exposure to the flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), when life stage and test methodologies differ. The four exposure scenarios included one NAM: Study 1-early-life stage (ELS) exposure via a single egg injection, and three more traditional approaches; Study 2-adult exposure using a single oral gavage; Study 3-ELS exposure via maternal deposition after adults were exposed through their diet for 7 weeks; and Study 4-ELS exposure via maternal deposition and re-exposure of nestlings through their diet for 17 weeks. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in each study was variable (Study 1, 550; Study 2, 192; Study 3, 1; Study 4, 3) with only 19 DEGs shared between Studies 1 and 2. Factors contributing to this lack of concordance are discussed and include differences in dose, but also quail strain, exposure route, sampling time, and HBCD stereoisomer composition. The results provide a detailed overview of the transcriptomic responses to HBCD at different life stages and routes of exposure in a model avian species and highlight certain challenges and limits of comparing transcriptomics across different test methodologies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Béziers
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Legrand
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emily Boulanger
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jessica D Ewald
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paula Henry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Karouna-Renier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Doug Crump
- National Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Ruuskanen S. Early-life environmental effects on birds: epigenetics and microbiome as mechanisms underlying long-lasting phenotypic changes. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246024. [PMID: 38449325 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although the long-lasting effects of variation in early-life environment have been well documented across organisms, the underlying causal mechanisms are only recently starting to be unraveled. Yet understanding the underlying mechanisms of long-lasting effects can help us predict how organisms will respond to changing environments. Birds offer a great system in which to study developmental plasticity and its underlying mechanisms owing to the production of large external eggs and variation in developmental trajectories, combined with a long tradition of applied, physiological, ecological and evolutionary research. Epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) have been suggested to be a key mechanism mediating long-lasting effects of the early-life environment across taxa. More recently, changes in the early-life gut microbiome have been identified as another potential mediator of developmental plasticity. As a first step in understanding whether these mechanisms contribute to developmental plasticity in birds, this Review summarizes how changes in early-life environment (both prenatal and postnatal) influence epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome. The literature shows how both early-life biotic (such as resources and social environment) and abiotic (thermal environment and various anthropogenic stressors) factors modify epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome in birds, yet data concerning many other environmental factors are limited. The causal links of these modifications to lasting phenotypic changes are still scarce, but changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been identified as one putative pathway. This Review identifies several knowledge gaps, including data on the long-term effects, stability of the molecular changes, and lack of diversity in the systems studied, and provides directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnankatu 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Valdehita A, Fernández-Cruz ML, Navas JM. The Potentiating Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Arylhydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)-Cytochrome P4501A (Cyp1A) System Activated by Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) in Rainbow Trout Cell Line. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2501. [PMID: 37764529 PMCID: PMC10534689 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of graphene oxide (GO) will result in its release into the environment; therefore, it is essential to determine its final fate and possible metabolism by organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the possible role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent cytochrome P4501A (Cyp1A) detoxification activities on the catabolism of GO. Our hypothesis is that GO cannot initially interact with the AhR, but that after an initial degradation caused by other mechanisms, small fractions of GO could activate the AhR, inducing Cyp1A. The environmental pollutant benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) was used for the initial activation of the AhR in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line RTL-W1. Pre-, co-, and post-exposure experiments with GO were performed and Cyp1A induction was monitored. The strong stimulation of Cyp1A observed in cells after exposure to GO, when BkF levels were not detected in the system, suggests a direct action of GO. The role of the AhR was confirmed by a blockage of the observed effects in co-treatment experiments with αNF (an AhR antagonist). These results suggest a possible role for the AhR and Cyp1A system in the cellular metabolism of GO and that GO could modulate the toxicity of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M. Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.V.); (M.L.F.-C.)
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6
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Kim J, Choi J. Trans- and Multigenerational Effects of Isothiazolinone Biocide CMIT/MIT on Genotoxicity and Epigenotoxicity in Daphnia magna. TOXICS 2023; 11:388. [PMID: 37112615 PMCID: PMC10140887 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one, CMIT/MIT, is an isothiazolinone biocide that is consistently detected in aquatic environments because of its broad-spectrum usage in industrial fields. Despite concerns about ecotoxicological risks and possible multigenerational exposure, toxicological information on CMIT/MIT is very limited to human health and within-generational toxicity. Furthermore, epigenetic markers altered by chemical exposure can be transmitted over generations, but the role of these changes in phenotypic responses and toxicity with respect to trans- and multigenerational effects is poorly understood. In this study, the toxicity of CMIT/MIT on Daphnia magna was evaluated by measuring various endpoints (mortality, reproduction, body size, swimming behavior, and proteomic expression), and its trans- and multigenerational effects were investigated over four consecutive generations. The genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity of CMIT/MIT were examined using a comet assay and global DNA methylation measurements. The results show deleterious effects on various endpoints and differences in response patterns according to different exposure histories. Parental effects were transgenerational or recovered after exposure termination, while multigenerational exposure led to acclimatory/defensive responses. Changes in DNA damage were closely associated with altered reproduction in daphnids, but their possible relationship with global DNA methylation was not found. Overall, this study provides ecotoxicological information on CMIT/MIT relative to multifaceted endpoints and aids in understanding multigenerational phenomena under CMIT/MIT exposure. It also emphasizes the consideration of exposure duration and multigenerational observations in evaluating ecotoxicity and the risk management of isothiazolinone biocides.
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Rasnaca I, Kille P, Newbold LK, Spurgeon DJ. Impacts of Life-Time Exposure of Arsenic, Cadmium and Fluoranthene on the Earthworms’ L. rubellus Global DNA Methylation as Detected by msAFLP. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050770. [PMID: 35627155 PMCID: PMC9140603 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the effects of long-term exposure to the metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene on the survival, growth, development and DNA methylation status of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Exposures to the three chemicals were conducted over their whole juvenile developmental period from egg to adult. Significant effects on one or more measured endpoints were found for all three chemicals. Arsenic had no effect on survival, but had a significant effect on growth rates at concentrations of 36 mg/kg or higher and also slowed the rate of maturation. Cadmium significantly reduced juvenile survival at 500 mg/kg, juvenile growth at 148 mg/kg and maturation rates at all tested concentrations. Fluoranthene had no effect on survival or the developmental period, but did significantly reduce growth rates at 800 mg/kg. Effects at these concentrations are consistent with the known effects of these three chemicals on earthworms from previous studies conducted mainly with Eisenia fetida. Both As and Cd had no effect on DNA methylation patterning in earthworms measured at the end of the exposure. Fluoranthene was shown, for the first time. to have an effect on a species’ DNA methylation levels. These results suggest that apical phenotypic changes for As and Cd are not necessarily associated with changes in DNA methylation profiles. However, exposure to the organic chemical fluoranthene influenced DNA methylation patterns, suggesting wider remodelling of the epigenome for this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Rasnaca
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; (I.R.); (L.K.N.)
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK;
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK;
| | - Lindsay K. Newbold
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; (I.R.); (L.K.N.)
| | - David J. Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; (I.R.); (L.K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1487-772-561; Fax: +44-1487-773-467
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King MD, Elliott JE, Marlatt V, Crump D, Idowu I, Wallace SJ, Tomy GT, Williams TD. Effects of Avian Eggshell Oiling With Diluted Bitumen Show Sublethal Embryonic Polycyclic Aromatic Compound Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:159-174. [PMID: 34918379 PMCID: PMC9299908 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breeding birds that become oiled may contaminate the shells of their eggs, and studies of conventional crude oil suggest that even small quantities can be absorbed through the eggshell and cause embryotoxicity. Unconventional crude oils remain untested, so we evaluated whether a major Canadian oil sands product, diluted bitumen (dilbit), would be absorbed and cause toxicity when applied to eggshells of two species, domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum). We artificially incubated eggs and applied lightly weathered dilbit (Cold Lake blend) to the eggshells (0.015-0.15 mg g-1 egg in chicken; 0.1-0.4 mg g-1 egg in cormorant) at various points during incubation before sampling prehatch embryos. Polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) residue in cormorant embryos was elevated only at the highest dilbit application (0.4 mg g-1 egg) closest (day 16) to sampling on day 22. In contrast, cormorant liver cytochrome P450 1a4 (Cyp1a4) mRNA expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay) was elevated only in embryos treated with the earliest and lowest dilbit application (0.1 mg g-1 egg on day 4). These results confirm that dilbit can cross through the eggshell and be absorbed by embryos, and they imply rapid biotransformation of PACs and a nonmonotonic Cyp1a4 response. Despite evidence of exposure in cormorant, we found no detectable effects on the frequency of survival, deformity, and gross lesions, nor did we find effects on physiological endpoints indicative of growth and cardiovascular function in either chicken or cormorant. In ovo dilbit exposure may be less toxic than well-studied conventional crude oils. The effects of an oil spill scenario involving dilbit to bird embryos might be subtle, and PACs may be rapidly metabolized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:159-174. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D. King
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John E. Elliott
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Vicki Marlatt
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ifeoluwa Idowu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Sarah J. Wallace
- Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Eau Terre EnvironnementQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gregg T. Tomy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Tony D. Williams
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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King MD, Elliott JE, Williams TD. Effects of petroleum exposure on birds: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142834. [PMID: 33109373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Birds are vulnerable to petroleum pollution, and exposure has a range of negative effects resulting from plumage fouling, systemic toxicity, and embryotoxicity. Recent research has not been synthesized since Leighton's 1993 review despite the continued discharge of conventional petroleum, including high-volume oil spills and chronic oil pollution, as well as the emergence of understudied unconventional crude oil types. To address this, we reviewed the individual-level effects of crude oil and refined fuel exposure in avifauna with peer-reviewed articles published 1993-2020 to provide a critical synthesis of the state of the science. We also sought to answer how unconventional crude petroleum effects compare with conventional crude oil. Relevant knowledge gaps and research challenges were identified. The resulting review examines avian exposure to petroleum and synthesizes advances regarding the physical effects of oil hydrocarbons on feather structure and function, as well the toxic effects of inhaled or ingested oil, embryotoxicity, and how exposure affects broader scale endpoints related to behavior, reproduction, and survival. Another outcome of the review was the knowledge gaps and challenges identified. The first finding was a paucity of oil ingestion rate estimates in birds. Characterizing environmentally realistic exposure and ingestion rates is a higher research priority than additional conventional oral dosing experiments. Second, there is an absence of toxicity data for unconventional crude petroleum. Although the effects of air and water contamination in the Canadian oil sands region have received attention, toxicity data for direct exposure to unrefined bitumen produced there in high volumes and other such unconventional oil types are needed. Third, we encountered barriers to the interpretation, replication, broad relevance, and comparability of studies. We therefore propose best practices and promising technological advancements for researchers. This review consolidates our understanding of petroleum's effects on birds and points a way forward for researchers and resource managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - John E Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Division, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
| | - Tony D Williams
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Wallace SJ, de Solla SR, Head JA, Hodson PV, Parrott JL, Thomas PJ, Berthiaume A, Langlois VS. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the Canadian environment: Exposure and effects on wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114863. [PMID: 32599329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Wildlife (including fish) are chronically exposed to PACs through air, water, sediment, soil, and/or dietary routes. Exposures are highest near industrial or urban sites, such as aluminum smelters and oil sands mines, or near natural sources such as forest fires. This review assesses the exposure and toxicity of PACs to wildlife, with a focus on the Canadian environment. Most published field studies measured PAC concentrations in tissues of invertebrates, fish, and birds, with fewer studies of amphibians and mammals. In general, PAC concentrations measured in Canadian wildlife tissues were under the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) guideline for human consumption. Health effects of PAC exposure include embryotoxicity, deformities, cardiotoxicity, DNA damage, changes to DNA methylation, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and impaired reproduction. Much of the toxicity of PACs can be attributed to their bioavailability, and the extent to which certain PACs are transformed into more toxic metabolites by cytochrome P450 enzymes. As most mechanistic studies are limited to individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly BaP, research on other PACs and PAC-containing complex mixtures is required to understand the environmental significance of PAC exposure and toxicity. Additional work on responses to PACs in amphibians, reptiles, and semi-aquatic mammals, and development of molecular markers for early detection of biological responses to PACs would provide a stronger biological and ecological justification for regulating PAC emissions to protect Canadian wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wallace
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - S R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J A Head
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - P V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P J Thomas
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Berthiaume
- Science and Risk Assessment Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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Pakzad Toochaei S, Ghasempouri SM, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Khodabandeh S. Global DNA methylation changes in rock pigeon (Columba livia) as a sentinel species due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in Tehran (Iran) as a megacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26090-26101. [PMID: 31280440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global DNA methylation, as an epigenetic modifications, can be a promising genomic marker for monitoring the contaminants and predicting their adverse health effects. The study aims to assess the effects of 16 PAH concentration on the altered DNA methylation levels in the kidney and liver of rock pigeon (Columba livia), as a sentinel species, from Tehran megacity as well as 40 days benzo(a)pyrene in vitro exposure: (0.1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg-1 bw). Data indicated that the total LMW-PAH (low molecular weight PAHs) group (120.22, 121.34, 103.69, and 128.79 ng g-1 dw in liver, kidney, skin, and muscle, respectively) in the Tehran samples have higher levels than the other PAHs groups. In addition, the DNA methylation level had negative relation with the total amount of PAHs in liver and kidney. A comparatively higher global DNA hypomethylation (by 8.65% in liver and 3.76% in kidney) was observed in birds exposed to B(a)P. Our results lead us to suggest that DNA hypomethylation in liver and kidney associated with the B(a)P may be useful biomarker discovery (more than the amount of PAH concentration in different tissues of C. livia) in urban areas. In conclusion, based on the overall results assessed, DNA methylation changes in pigeon may show a new target pathway for evaluation of environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Pakzad Toochaei
- Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, University of Zabol, 98615-538, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Saber Khodabandeh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
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Head JA, Kennedy SW. Interindividual variation in the cytochrome P4501A response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in herring gull embryo hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:660-670. [PMID: 30615215 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxin-like compounds is consistently associated with concentration-dependent induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes in primary cultures of avian hepatocytes. We have previously demonstrated that the median effective concentration (EC50) for induction of this response is predictive of in vivo sensitivity to dioxin-like compounds in birds. We investigated sources of interindividual variation in the CYP1A response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in wild herring gulls and considered how this variation may complicate dioxin sensitivity estimates based on the CYP1A bioassay. Concentration-dependent effects of TCDD on CYP1A mRNA expression were characterized in 55 hepatocyte cultures prepared from individual herring gull embryos. A large degree of variability was observed among the hepatocyte culture preparations. For example, 1) basal CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 mRNA expression varied by 20- and 126-fold, respectively, among individuals, and 2) exposure to TCDD induced CYP1A4 mRNA expression by 57-fold in the most responsive sample but did not significantly induce CYP1A4 mRNA expression above baseline values in 42% of hepatocyte culture preparations. Environmental and genetic factors contributing to the observed variability are discussed. Despite the large amount of interindividual variation, we conclude that reproducible EC50-based estimates of species sensitivity can be obtained from the CYP1A cell culture bioassay when samples are collected from relatively uncontaminated colonies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:660-670. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean W Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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