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Krishnasamy Sekar R, Arunachalam R, Anbazhagan M, Palaniyappan S, Veeran S, Sridhar A, Ramasamy T. Accumulation, Chronicity, and Induction of Oxidative Stress Regulating Genes Through Allium cepa L. Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles in Freshwater Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:904-925. [PMID: 35199287 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Green evolutionary products such as biologically fabricated nanoparticles (NPs) pose a hazard to aquatic creatures. Herein, biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by the reaction between ionic silver (AgNO3) and aqueous onion peel extract (Allium cepa L). The synthesized biogenic AgNPs were characterized with UV-Visible spectrophotometer, XRD, FT-IR, and TEM with EDS analysis; then, their toxicity was assessed on common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) using biomarkers of haematological alterations, oxidative stress, histological changes, differential gene expression patterns, and bioaccumulation. The 96 h lethal toxicity was analysed with various concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/l) of biogenic AgNPs. Based on 96 h LC50, sublethal concentrations (1/15th, 1/10th, and 1/5th) were given to C. carpio for 28 days. At the end of experiment, the bioaccumulations of Ag content were accumulated mainly in the gills, followed by the liver and muscle. At an interval of 7 days, the haematological alterations showed significance (p < 0.05) and elevation of antioxidant defence mechanism reveals the toxicity of biogenic synthesized AgNPs. Adverse effects on oxidative stress were probably related to the histopathological damage of its vital organs like gill, liver, and muscle. Finally, the fish treated with biogenic synthesized AgNPs were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulates the oxidative stress genes such as Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx1a, GST-α, CYP1A, and Nrf-2 expression patterns. The present study provides evidence of biogenic synthesized AgNPs influence on the aquatic life through induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Krishnasamy Sekar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Ramkumar Arunachalam
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Murugadas Anbazhagan
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, GA, 30322, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Srinivasan Veeran
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Rajkumar KS, Sivagaami P, Ramkumar A, Murugadas A, Srinivasan V, Arun S, Senthil Kumar P, Thirumurugan R. Bio-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Potential toxicity impact on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133220. [PMID: 34914955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern nowadays over the exposure of nanomaterials and their effects in aquatic life. In spite of reporting the changes in physiology, reproduction and behaviour in fish by different nanoparticles, the molecular events underlying in the aquatic bodies due to the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are mainly unexplored. Therefore, the present study carried out an ex vivo exposure of ZnO NPs at various concentrations (0.382, 0.573 and 1.146 mg L-1) in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio to investigate the potential adverse effects. The results revealed that ZnO NPs exposure altered the haematological parameter and induces the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity in C. carpio. Furthermore, histopathological analysis exhibited that the ZnO NPs caused lamellar fusion, aneurism, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear alteration, necrotic muscle fiber and pyknotic nuclei in the gills, liver and muscles of C. carpio. ZnO NPs exposure significantly up-regulated the overlapping expressions of SOD1, CAT, GPx1a, GST-α, CYP1A, and Nrf-2 genes. A higher level of Zn bioaccumulation was observed in the following order: gill (35.03 ± 2.50 μg g-1), liver (5.33 ± 0.73 μg g-1) and muscle (2.30 ± 0.20 μg g-1) at 1.146 mg L-1 exposure of ZnO NPs. Hence, the current study indicated that the biogenic ZnO NPs generate toxicity in fishes by modifying the antioxidant defense mechanisms, histomorphology, and oxidative stress encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnasamy Sekar Rajkumar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyappan Sivagaami
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Ramkumar
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Murugadas
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Veeran Srinivasan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Arun
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hathout HMR, Sobhy HM, Abou-Ghanima S, El-Garawani IM. Ameliorative role of ascorbic acid on the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by acetamiprid in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55089-55101. [PMID: 34121161 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus, the protective potential of ascorbic acid (Asc) against oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by acetamiprid (Aceta) sub-lethal concentrations was investigated in this study. Fishes were divided into six groups and exposed to either Asc (50 ppm), 10 and 20 ppm Aceta, 10 ppm (Aceta)+Asc, 20 ppm (Aceta)+Asc, or the unexposed control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and their transcripts were assessed. DNA damage in erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and gill cells, in addition to the mitotic index (MI), and the existence of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were performed. The results showed that concentrations of Aceta (10 and 20 ppm) induced oxidative stress by altering the antioxidant enzyme activities and transcripts. There were genotoxic effects of Aceta exposure showed by the significant (P < 0.05) increase in DNA-damaged cells and ENA, meanwhile a decrease in MI. Co-exposure with Asc showed significant alleviations of oxidative status and genotoxicity. Thus, results suggest that Asc-combined exposure could be the effective treatment against Aceta-induced oxidative stress accompanied with genotoxicity in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M R Hathout
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Post Graduate Studies, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Sobhy
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Post Graduate Studies, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Islam M El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt.
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