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Olivares-Rubio HF, Salazar-Coria L, Romero-López JP, Domínguez-López ML, García-Latorre EA, Vega-López A. Fatty acid metabolism and brain mitochondrial performance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to the water-accommodated fraction of Maya crude oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110624. [PMID: 32302862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its derivatives are still the primary source of energy for humankind. However, during its transportation and treatment, spills of this resource can occur in aquatic environments. Nile tilapia is one of the most globally widespread fish species. This species is even found in brackish water due to its tolerance to salinity and pollution. In this study, the performance of brain cells (mitochondrial membrane potential [ΔΨm], calcium [Ca2+] and O2 and H2O2 levels) exposed to crude oil was assessed. In addition, fatty acid metabolism (cholesterol concentration and fatty acid synthase [FAS], acyl CoA-oxidase [AOX] and catalase [CAT] activities) in the brain, heart, liver and intestine of Nile tilapia exposed to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 g/L Maya crude oil (MCO) for 96 h were evaluated. After exposure, in brain cells, there were only increases in ROS and slight reductions in ΔΨm. Exposure to WAF of MCO induced and increased the levels of cholesterol and altered FAS and AOX activities in all examined tissues. The brain is the most susceptible organ to alterations in the activity of fatty acid metabolic enzymes and cholesterol levels relative to the heart, liver and intestine. The correlation between inhibition of the activity of CAT and AOX suggests a possible reduction in the proliferation and size of peroxisomes. Most biomarkers were significantly altered in the brains of Nile tilapia exposed to the WAF containing 1 g/L MCO in comparison to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares-Rubio
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-228, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Salazar-Coria
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos, Instituto Mexicano Del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, CP 07730, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J Pablo Romero-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - Ethel A García-Latorre
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico.
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