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Wang X, Zhao P, Zhang C, Li C, Ma Y, Huang S. Effects of supplemental Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2362640. [PMID: 38860902 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2362640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of supplemental Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Ninety piglets weaned at 28 days of age were randomly allocated to three groups with five replicates per treatment. Piglets were fed the following diets for 28 days: (1) CON (control group), basal diet; (2) G500, CON + 500 mg/kg GCP; (3) G1000, CON + 1000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (DL-A) levels were lower in the G1000 group (P < 0.05). Dietary GCP 1000 mg/kg improved mucosal trypsin activity in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and increased lipase and amylase activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the G1000 group, ZO-1, claudin 1 and occludin levels were increased in the jejunum mucosa, whereas interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels were decreased (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that dietary 1000 mg/kg GCP altered the jejunal microbial community, with increased relative abundances of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, dietary GCP 1000 mg/kg can improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal immunity, barrier function and microbial community in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Wang Q, Pan Y, Huang J, Li Y, Wu S, Zhao L, Sun T, Kang Y, Liu Z. Dietary supplementation of Chinese herbal medicines enhances the immune response and resistance of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1341920. [PMID: 38694480 PMCID: PMC11062137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout is a widely farmed economical cold-water fish worldwide, but the prevalence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) presents a severe risk to the aquaculture industry, resulting in high mortality and huge economic losses. In this study, the impacts of different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) of Chinese herbal medicine mixture (CHMM) on the immune response and resistance of rainbow trout to IHNV infection were evaluated. The results show that CHMM noticeably increased (P < 0.05) T-SOD, CAT, AST, ALT, ACP, and AKP activities and decreased MDA content. NF-κB, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-1β, JAK1, HSP70, and HSP90 expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in all CHMMs, while SOCS2 expression was downregulated (P < 0.05). Following infection with IHNV, feeding rainbow trout with varying amounts of CHMM resulted in noticeably increased (P < 0.05) T-SOD, ACP, and AKP activities and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) MDA content and AST and ALT activities. TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-1β, HSP70, and HSP90 expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in all CHMMs, while the expressions of JAK1 and SOCS2 were downregulated. The expression level of the IHNV G protein gene at a dosage of 20 g/kg was notably lower than that of the other CHMM feeding groups. This study provides a solid scientific basis for promoting CHMM as an immunostimulant for boosting antiviral immunity in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yucai Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenji Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongzhen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yujun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Liu J, UllahKhan F, Jin S, Zheng Y, Xu J, Fan H, Wang Y, Hu M. Indexing serum and mucous biochemical parameters of endangered Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis with implications for health assessment. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1180-1192. [PMID: 38254334 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a critically endangered aquatic fish. Health monitoring and welfare assessments are critical for the conservation of Chinese sturgeon. In this study, biochemical parameters of serum and skin mucus in Chinese sturgeon were examined to evaluate the potential biomarkers. Serum and mucous samples were obtained from Chinese sturgeon, and the levels of total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LD), acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LYZ), glucose (GLU), and cortisol were determined. The concentrations of ALT, AST, cortisol, and LYZ were significantly higher in the mucous group than those in the serum group (p < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of ALP, ACP, LD, LDH, CK, and TP were significantly higher level in the serum group than those in the mucous group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the correlations between serum and mucous biochemical parameters were established. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between serum and skin mucous markers (ACP, cortisol, and LYZ). AST versus ALT in serum and mucus showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between cortisol and CK in mucus (p < 0.01). Moreover, LD versus LDH in serum showed a significant but weak positive correlation (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis revealed a complete separation between the serum and mucous groups, with the biomarkers that contributed the most being ALP, TP, ALT, and AST. This study provides baseline data and reference intervals for serum and mucous biochemical parameters in presumably healthy Chinese sturgeons. The current study has important implications for the development of conservation strategies and the conservation status of critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fahim UllahKhan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Jin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueping Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Houyong Fan
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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He X, Chen A, Liao Z, Zhong J, Cheng A, Xue X, Li F, Chen M, Yao R, Zhao W, Niu J. Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:3893671. [PMID: 38464590 PMCID: PMC10923623 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3893671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Astragalus membranaceus extract (AME) on growth performance, immune response, and energy metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6% AME (Con, AME0.1, AME0.2, AME0.3, AME0.4, AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups) were formulated and fed to M. salmoides for 8 weeks. Final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were all significantly higher in AME0.4 group than in Con group (P < 0.05). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly improved in AME0.5 group compared with Con group (P < 0.05). Whole-body crude protein contents were significantly increased in AME0.2 group (P < 0.05). Whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly lower in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups, while muscle lipid was upregulated by dietary AME (P < 0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lowered in AME0.3 and AME0.4 groups, and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in AME0.1 and AME0.2 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly lowered in AME0.5, and AME0.6 groups, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was lowered in AME0.5 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma triglyceride was declined in AME0.6 group, and glucose was decreased by 0.3%-0.5% AME (P < 0.05). Significantly higher hepatocyte diameter, lamina propria width, and submucosal layer thickness were recorded in AME0.6 groups, while the longest villi height was obtained in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) revealed the growth-promoting effect of AME. The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of AME were demonstrated by transcription levels of interleukin 8 (il-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a), caspase, B-cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), bcl-2 associated x (Bax), and bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad). The transcription levels of lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (acc1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (pepck2), and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1a (g6pc), were reduced by AME treatment, while the levels of glycolysis-related genes, including glucokinase (gck) and pyruvate kinase (pk), were the highest in AME0.2 and AME0.3 groups (P < 0.05). According to polynomial regression analysis of SGR, WG, FCR, whole-body crude lipid, MDA, and ALT, the optimal AME supplementation level was estimated to be 0.320%-0.429% of the diet. These results provided insights into the roles of AME in regulating immunity and metabolism, which highly indicated its potential as immunostimulants and metabolic regulators in diverse aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Anda Cheng
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Xue
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fuyuan Li
- Beijing Centre Biology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gao F, Zhou Y, Yu B, Xie H, Shi Y, Zhang X, Liu H. QiDiTangShen granules alleviates diabetic nephropathy podocyte injury: A network pharmacology study and experimental validation in vivo and vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23535. [PMID: 38223704 PMCID: PMC10784173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background QiDiTangShen granules (QDTS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription, have remarkable efficacy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, and their pharmacological mechanism needs further exploration. Methods According to the active ingredients and targets of the QDTS in the TCMSP database, the network pharmacology of QDTS was investigated. The potential active ingredients were chosen based on the oral bioavailability and the drug similarity index. At the same time, targets for DN-related disease were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD, and DrugBank. The TCM-component-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed with the Cytoscape and STRING platforms, respectively, and then the core targets of DN were selected with CytoNCA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using R software. Molecular docking to identify the core targets of QDTS for DN. In vivo, db/db mice were treated as DN models, and the urine microalbuminuria, the pathological changes in the kidney and the protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, JUN, nephrin and synaptopodin were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence method and Western blotting. After QDTS was used in vitro, the protein expression of mouse podocyte clone-5 (MPC5) cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Through network pharmacology analysis, 153 potential targets for DN in QDTS were identified, 19 of which were significant. The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that QDTS might have therapeutic effects on IL-17, TNF, AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and EGFR through interfering with Akt1 and JUN. The main active ingredients in QDTS are quercetin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and kaempferol. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that QDTS could decrease the urine microalbuminuria and renal pathology of db/db mice, and alleviate podocyte injuries through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion Through network pharmacology, in vivo and in vitro experiments, QDTS has been shown to improve the urine microalbuminuria and renal pathology in DN, and to reduce podocyte damage via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Borui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huidi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Health Management Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
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Yang Y, Xiao G, Cheng P, Zeng J, Liu Y. Protective Application of Chinese Herbal Compounds and Formulae in Intestinal Inflammation in Humans and Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:6811. [PMID: 37836654 PMCID: PMC10574200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating and managing intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the interactions of three cellular signaling pathways (TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, MAPKs) with immunity and gut microbiota to explain the possible pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Traditional medicinal drugs frequently have drawbacks and negative side effects. This paper also summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and application of Chinese herbal compounds (Berberine, Sanguinarine, Astragalus polysaccharide, Curcumin, and Cannabinoids) and formulae (Wumei Wan, Gegen-Qinlian decoction, Banxia xiexin decoction) against intestinal inflammation. We show that the herbal compounds and formulae may influence the interactions among cell signaling pathways, immune function, and gut microbiota in humans and animals, exerting their immunomodulatory capacity and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This demonstrates their strong potential to improve gut inflammation. We aim to promote herbal medicine and apply it to multispecies animals to achieve better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Pi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
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Yang J, Zhou S, Fu Z, Xiao B, Li M, Yu G, Ma Z, Zong H. Fermented Astragalus membranaceus could promote the liver and intestinal health of juvenile tiger grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1264208. [PMID: 37781230 PMCID: PMC10534042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1264208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the effects of fermented Astragalus membranaceus (FAM) on the liver and intestinal health of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), this study was conducted. This study evaluates the effects of different levels of FAM on liver and intestinal tissue structure, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal digestive enzyme, and microbiota structure of tiger grouper. Fish were fed with diets (crude protein ≥ 48.0%, crude fat ≥ 10.0%) with five levels of FAM (L1:0.25%, L2: 0.5%, L3: 1%, L4: 2% and L5: 4%) in the experimental groups and a regular diet was used as the control (L0: 0%) for 8 weeks. Compared with AM, the protein content of FAM was significantly changed by 34.70%, indicating that a large amount of bacterial protein was produced after AM fermentation, and its nutritional value was improved. FAM had significant effects on the growth performance of tiger grouper (p < 0.05). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was highest in L4 group, being significantly different from L0 group. The area and diameter of hepatocytes were lowest in L3 and L4, and the density of hepatocyte was highest in L4 group and relatively decreased in L5 group. The mucosal height and muscular thickness were highest in L3 group. The intestinal microbiota structure of tiger grouper was changed under the intervention of FAM. The lower abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and higher abundance of probiotics colonization in the L4 group showed that the dose of FAM had the best effect on improving the health of intestinal microbiota. This study indicates that the addition of FAM in the feed contributes to liver health, improves intestinal morphology, and regulates the intestinal microbiota of tiger grouper. The addition ratio of 1%-2% is better for intestinal and liver health, and a high addition ratio will cause liver damage. Our work will provide a reference for the addition and management of FAM in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bo Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Humin Zong
- National Marine Environmental Center, Dalian, China
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Potential role of plant polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the primary food-producing sectors in the world that ensures human nourishment. However, aqua farmers are facing serious problems due to disease out breaks and development of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, chemical or antibiotic based strategies has been applied to control disease related concern in aquaculture. Frequent usage of antibiotics in feed or usage of disinfectant to overcome the disease may end up with negative impacts to the environment and human. Utilization of plant derived polysaccharides has been drastically increased due to their effective roles and could serve as a best replacement for chemical agents and antibiotics. In addition, plant derived compounds and plant extracts was utilized to improve the immunity, intestinal health and growth performance of aquaculturable organisms. In addition, large number of plant-based polysaccharides was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. Hence, this review aims to highlight the multifunctional properties of plant-based polysaccharides in aquaculture. Moreover, advantages and different concentration of plant polysaccharides as a feed additives in aquaculture sector has been discussed herein.
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Preparation, Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Activities of a Macromolecular Glycoprotein from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050705. [PMID: 35267338 PMCID: PMC8909850 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza has exhibited various bioactive functions due to the existence of polysaccharides, hydrophilic phenolic acids, diterpenoid quinones, and essential oils. However, little research has reported the glycoprotein preparation and corresponding bioactivities. In this study, the water-soluble glycoprotein from S. miltiorrhiza roots was firstly isolated with the extraction process optimized by response surface methodology, and then, the preliminary structural properties, and the antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities were investigated. Results showed that the extraction conditions for higher extraction yields were identified as follows: ultrasonic power of 220 W, ultrasonic time of 2.0 h, extraction temperature of 60 °C, liquid/solid ratio of 20 mL/g, and the glycoprotein yields of 1.63 ± 0.04%. Structural analysis showed that the glycoprotein comprised protein and polysaccharide (contents of 76.96% and 20.62%, respectively), with an average molecular weight of 1.55 × 105 Da. Besides, bioactivities analysis showed that the glycoprotein presented strong scavenging effects on multiple free radicals, and effectively enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and immunological indicators in cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice dose-dependently. These data demonstrated that S. miltiorrhiza glycoprotein presented the potential to be a novel edible functional compound, and could be practically applied in the food industry.
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The Effects of Silkworm-Derived Polysaccharide (Silkrose) on Ectoparasitic Infestations in Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and White Trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex). FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of silkworm-derived polysaccharide silkrose on fish ectoparasites was investigated. When juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) fed diets containing silkrose were artificially infected with Benedenia seriolae, a fish ectoparasite, the numbers of parasitized B. seriolae were significantly lower compared to that in fish in the control group without silkrose treatment. Furthermore, when juvenile yellowtails were severely infected with B. seriolae, no mortality was observed in the silkrose-treated group, compared to more than 60% in the control group. In field studies carried out at a fish farm with yellowtail and white trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex), oral treatment with silkrose significantly reduced B. seriolae parasitism in yellowtail and Caligus longipedis and Neobenedenia girellae parasitism in white trevally. Silkrose treatment also reduced blood levels of cortisol, a stress hormone in both species. The changes in gene expression in the epidermis of yellowtail by silkrose treatment were also investigated, showing that the expression of various genes, including factors involved in immunity, stress response, and wound healing, was changed by the treatment. These findings indicate that silkworm-derived silkrose effectively prevents infection by external parasites in yellowtail and white trevally.
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