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Pandi S, Chinniah R, Sevak V, Ravi PM, Vijayan M, Vellaiappan NA, Karuppiah B. Association of slow acetylator genotype of N-acetyltransferase 2 with Parkinson's disease in south Indian population. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135260. [PMID: 32682841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with predisposing genetic and environmental factors. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the possible association of NAT2 gene polymorphism in PD patients from south India. METHODS Using previously validated PCR-RFLP assays, we genotyped 105 PD subjects and 101 healthy controls for N-acetyl transferase (NAT2) gene polymorphism. RESULTS We observed a significantly elevated frequencies of NAT2 *5/6 (OR = 4.21; p < 0.029) and *5/7 (OR = 2.73; p < 0.025) genotypes and NAT2*5 (OR = 1.83; p < 0.039) allele among PD cases showing susceptible associations. The age at onset analysis revealed a significant association of NAT2 *4/6 (OR = 4.62; p < 0.05) genotype with early onset PD (EOPD). A positive association with early onset disease was observed for *5/7 (OR = 3.88; p < 0.075) genotype, however without statistical significance. Whereas, in late onset PD (LOPD) cases, significant susceptible association was observed for NAT2 *5/7 (OR = 5.27; p < 0.029) genotype. We observed a highly significant protective association of NAT2 *4/6 (OR = 0.27; p < 0.012) genotype and NAT2 *4 (OR = 0.52; p < 0.027) allele with LOPD. The acetylator status phenotype analysis have revealed a higher risk for, 'NAT2 slow acetylator' in both overall PD (OR = 2.39; p < 0.002) and LOPD (OR = 2.88; p < 0.007). However, 'NAT2 intermediate acetylator' with a lower risk in both overall PD (OR = 0.47; p < 0.011) and LOPD (OR = 0.36; p < 0.007) cases revealed protective associations. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results revealed the possible susceptible association of NAT2 slow acetylator in PD pathogenesis in south Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiharan Pandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vandit Sevak
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | | | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Application of pharmacogenomics and bioinformatics to exemplify the utility of human ex vivo organoculture models in the field of precision medicine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226564. [PMID: 31860681 PMCID: PMC6924641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a collaboration between industry, the National Health Service (NHS) and academia that sought to demonstrate how early understanding of both pharmacology and genomics can improve strategies for the development of precision medicines. Diseased tissue ethically acquired from patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), was used to investigate inter-patient variability in drug efficacy using ex vivo organocultures of fresh lung tissue as the test system. The reduction in inflammatory cytokines in the presence of various test drugs was used as the measure of drug efficacy and the individual patient responses were then matched against genotype and microRNA profiles in an attempt to identify unique predictors of drug responsiveness. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in CYP2E1 and SMAD3 genes may partly explain the observed variation in drug response.
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Samir AM, Shaker DAH, Fathy MM, Hafez SF, Abdullatif MM, Rashed LA, Alghobary HAF. Urinary and Genetic Biomonitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Egyptian Coke Oven Workers: Associations between Exposure, Effect, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:124-136. [PMID: 31325295 PMCID: PMC6708401 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Coke oven workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with possible genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Metabolizing enzymes genes and DNA repair genes are suspected to be correlated with the level of DNA damage. They may contribute to variable individual sensitivity to DNA damage induced by PAHs exposure at workplace.
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between biomarkers of PAHs: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), DNA adducts, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in coke oven workers, and to assess the role of cytochrome P2E1 (CYP2E1) gene expression and DNA repairing gene (XRCC1) polymorphism in detecting workers at risk.
Methods:
85 exposed workers and 85 unexposed controls were enrolled into this study. Urinary 1-OHP, 8-OHdG, and BPDE-DNA adduct were measured. CYP2E1 gene expression and genotyping of XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln were evaluated by real-time PCR.
Results:
The median urinary 1-OHP levels (6.3 µmol/mol creatinine), urinary 8-OHdG (7.9 ng/mg creatinine), DNA adducts (6.7 ng/μg DNA) in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the unexposed group. Carriers of the variant allele (Gln) of XRCC1 had the highest levels of 1-OHP, DNA adducts and 8-OHdG, and the lowest level of CYP2E1 gene expression. In exposed workers, significant positive correlations were found between 1-OHP level and each of the work duration, 8-OHdG, and DNA adducts levels. There was a significant negative correlation between 1-OHP level and CYP2E1 gene expression. Work duration and CYP2E1 gene expression were predictors of DNA adducts level; 1-OHP level and work duration were predictors of urinary 8-OHdG level.
Conclusion:
Workers with higher exposure to PAH were more prone to oxidative DNA damage and cancer development. DNA adducts level reflects the balance between their production by CYP2E1 and elimination by XRCC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Mohamed Samir
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdel-Hamid Shaker
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mona Mohamed Fathy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Salwa Farouk Hafez
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Medicine, National Research Center, Giza, Egyp
| | - Mona Mohsen Abdullatif
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tăbăran AF, O’Sullivan MG, Seabloom DE, Vevang KR, Smith WE, Wiedmann TS, Peterson LA. Inhaled Furan Selectively Damages Club Cells in Lungs of A/J Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:842-850. [PMID: 31426723 PMCID: PMC6814549 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319869306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Furan, a possible human carcinogen, is a product of incomplete combustion and is present in cigarette smoke, engine exhaust, and processed food. Oral administration induces liver toxicity and carcinogenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. To assess possible adverse effects from inhalation, A/J mice were nose-only exposed for 3 hours to furan (0, 30, 75, 150, 300, or 600 ppmv) and euthanized after 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week. Histopathology evaluation revealed bronchiolar club cell necrosis (diffuse, marked) with airway denudation following exposure to 300 and 600 ppmv furan with evidence of club cell regeneration and partial repair after 1 week. Initial signs of hepatotoxicity were observed in the 150 ppmv furan-exposed group. Acute necrosis and mineralization were observed in livers at 24 and 48 hours with hepatocyte regeneration by 1-week postexposure in mice exposed to 300 and 600 ppmv furan; the 300 ppmv exposed group had multifocal mineralization that evoked a mild granulomatous response. Measurement of urinary furan metabolites confirmed that the mice metabolized furan to the toxic intermediate, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial. These observations indicate that inhaled furan is toxic to lungs with club cells as the target as well as liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Flaviu Tăbăran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer
Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer
Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Donna E. Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karin R. Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William E. Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy S. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa A. Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Hemanth Kumar AK, Ramesh K, Kannan T, Sudha V, Haribabu H, Lavanya J, Swaminathan S, Ramachandran G. N-acetyltransferase gene polymorphisms & plasma isoniazid concentrations in patients with tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2018; 145:118-123. [PMID: 28574024 PMCID: PMC5460557 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2013_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Variations in the N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) gene among different populations could affect the metabolism and disposition of isoniazid (INH). This study was performed to genotype NAT2 gene polymorphisms in tuberculosis (TB) patients from Chennai, India, and compare plasma INH concentrations among the different genotypes. Methods: Adult patients with TB treated in the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, were genotyped for NAT2 gene polymorphism, and two-hour post-dosing INH concentrations were compared between the different genotypes. Plasma INH was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Genotyping of the NAT2 gene polymorphism was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: Among the 326 patients genotyped, there were 189 (58%), 114 (35%) and 23 (7%) slow, intermediate and fast acetylators, respectively. The median two-hour INH concentrations in slow, intermediate and fast acetylators were 10.2, 8.1 and 4.1 μg/ml, respectively. The differences in INH concentrations among the three genotypes were significant (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Genotyping of TB patients from south India for NAT2 gene polymorphism revealed that 58 per cent of the study population comprised slow acetylators. Two-hour INH concentrations differed significantly among the three genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramesh
- HIV/AIDS Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - T Kannan
- Department of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Sudha
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Hemalatha Haribabu
- HIV/AIDS Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - J Lavanya
- District TB Officer, Chennai Corporation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Geetha Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Effect of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2018; 27:363-371. [PMID: 28799976 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association between environmental factors and genetic variations in enzymes that metabolize antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs [arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1] with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). We also investigated the potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as their association with ATDH development in a population of hospitalized TB patients from Buenos Aires. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 364 TB patients who received anti-TB drugs. Physicians collected demographic and clinical data to identify environmental risk factors for ATDH development. Polymorphisms were detected using gene sequencing, PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare the results of TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. The multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to examine genetic and environmental interactions in association with ATDH. RESULTS This study suggests that the slow acetylator profile [odds ratio (OR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.00; P<0.001], genotypes carrying the c2 variant (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.33-3.51; P=0.002) or the A4 variant of CYP2E1 (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.06-4.29; P=0.050), and female sex (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.20-3.14; P=0.006) were independent predictor variables for ATDH. Patients carrying the slow acetylator profile and the c2 variant showed an increased risk (OR: 7.068; 95% CI: 3.34-14.95; P<0.001). We also identified a synergic interaction (epistasis) between GSTT1 and CYP2E1 associated with an increased risk for ATDH. A meaningful gene-environment interaction was associated with an increased risk of ATDH [testing balance accuracy=0.675 (P=0.001) and cross-validation consistency=10/10]. CONCLUSION ATDH is a severe and prevalent adverse drug reaction and leads to drug discontinuation in 11% of TB patients. Our study created a prediction model that properly classified the 67.5% of TB patients in their risk of developing ATDH. The considerable number of TB patients in our country supports the use of pharmacogenetic testing and a comprehensive clinical history to identify patients with a high risk of suffering hepatotoxicity.
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Wang X, Li W, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhao X, He Y, Zhang J, Chen L. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease candidate gene prioritization based on metabolic networks and functional information. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184299. [PMID: 28873096 PMCID: PMC5584748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-factor disease, in which metabolic disturbances played important roles. In this paper, functional information was integrated into a COPD-related metabolic network to assess similarity between genes. Then a gene prioritization method was applied to the COPD-related metabolic network to prioritize COPD candidate genes. The gene prioritization method was superior to ToppGene and ToppNet in both literature validation and functional enrichment analysis. Top-ranked genes prioritized from the metabolic perspective with functional information could promote the better understanding about the molecular mechanism of this disease. Top 100 genes might be potential markers for diagnostic and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuyan Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilei Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuehan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Walia GK, Vellakkal R, Gupta V. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Non-Smoking Risk Factors in India. COPD 2015; 13:251-61. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1057807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gürbüz Ş, Yıldız M, Kara M, Kargün K, Gürger M, Ateşçelik M, Alataş ÖD. Paraoxonase-1 gene in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease investigation Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. World J Emerg Med 2015; 6:201-6. [PMID: 26401181 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of increased oxidative stress on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well known. One of the antioxidative systems against oxidative stress in human body is paraoxonase (PON) enzyme that protects low density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. This study aimed to explore the polymorphisms on PON1, Q192R, L55M genes of patients with COPD. METHODS DNAs extraction was obtained from blood samples of 50 patients diagnosed with COPD and 50 patients as a control group who were presented to emergency clinic. Genotypes were obtained with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AIw I and Hsp92II restriction enzymes were used for Q192R and L55M polymorphisms, respectively. Analysis of data was done with the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in Q192R polymorphism was found between the COPD patients and the control group (P=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in L55M polymorphisms between the patient and control groups (P>0.05). Q192R polymorphism was significantly correlated with the PON1 gene and cigarette smoking; however other risk factors did not show any significant correlation with this polymorphism. Though L55M polymorphism was significantly correlated with family history and tuberculosis, there was no significant correlation with other risk factors. CONCLUSION We believe that more studies are needed to study the correlation of L55M polymorphism with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Gürbüz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Kargün
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Gürger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Metin Ateşçelik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ömer Doğan Alataş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Association of Functional Variants of Phase I and II Genes with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Serbian Population. J Med Biochem 2015; 34:207-214. [PMID: 28356833 PMCID: PMC4922330 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder characterized by increased oxidative stress. Functional genetic variants of phase I and II genes are implicated in oxidants–antioxidants imbalance and may be involved in COPD development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) functional variants in the pathogenesis of COPD in a Serbian population. Methods The genotypes of 122 COPD patients and 100 controls with normal lung function were determined for CYP1A1 *1A/*2A, CYP2E1 *1A/*5B, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null GSTP1 Ile105Val, mEH Tyr113His and mEH His139Arg gene variants. Results Results obtained showed that GSTM1 null variant was significantly more represented in COPD patients than in controls (61.5% vs. 47.0%; OR=1.80; p=0.042). Also, a significant difference was observed for combinations of GSTM1 null and GSTP1 105Val/(Val) (38.5% vs. 24.0%; OR=1.98; p=0.029), as well as for CYP1A1 *1A/*2A, GSTM1 null and mEH 113His/(His) genotypes (7.4% vs. 1.0%; OR=7.88; p=0.025). Conclusions These are the first data concerning the analysis of the variants of phase I and II genes in the pathogenesis of COPD in a Serbian population. Results obtained in this study open up the possibility for thorough analyses of the role of genetic factors in COPD on larger cohorts. Also, they implicate the importance of previously described genetic associations with COPD in our population, as well as reveal a new one, not reported so far.
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BRITO TAISC, POSSUELO LIAG, VALIM ANDREIAR, TODENDI PÂMELAF, RIBEIRO ANDREZZAW, GREGIANINI TATIANAS, JARCZEWSKI CARLAA, HUTZ MARAH, ROSSETTI MARIALUCIAR, ZAHA ARNALDO. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis (ATD- induced hepatitis) has been linked to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (loci GSTM1 and GSTT1) are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, the most toxic drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). This study was designed to determine the frequency and to evaluate whether polymorphisms at CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are associated with drug response, as well as to identify clinical risk factors for ATD-induced hepatitis. A total of 245 Brazilian patients undergoing treatment for TB were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. The frequencies of the CYP2E1 polymorphic alleles RsaI, PstI and DraI are 8%, 8.5% and 12%, respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are deleted in 42.9% and 12.4% of the population, respectively. Fifteen patients (6.1%) developed hepatotoxicity. Clinical (HIV, female sex and extrapulmonary TB) and genetic characteristics (CYP2E1 without any mutations, having NAT2 slow acetylator profile) are at higher risk of developing ATD-induced hepatitis in this population. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed no influence on drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAIS C. BRITO
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - MARA H. HUTZ
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brasil
| | | | - ARNALDO ZAHA
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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12
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Kumar M, Phougat N, Ruhil S, Dhankhar S, Balhara M, Chhillar AK. Genomics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Exploring the SNPs of Protease-Antiprotease Pathway. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:204-13. [PMID: 24179443 PMCID: PMC3664470 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COPD has been an important respiratory condition that affects people worldwide and its incidence has been alarming. The increasing incidence of this disorder has been attributed to global industrialization and environmental pollution. Although the exposures to environmental pollutants and smoking have been important triggers, the genetic component of individuals has been shown to be important for development and progression of COPD. Recent literature reported that protease-antiprotease imbalance to be important in etiopathogenesis of COPD. The enzymes namely neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotienases are considered to be foremost proteolytic molecules released by neutrophils and macrophages during inflammatory events in COPD. Normally, the lungs remain protected from the destructive effect of these two antiproteases by α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) respectively. In this review, we are trying to highlight the work by various research groups in exploring the SNPs of various genes of inflammatory pathways and the protease-antiprotease pathway, which may have some degree of association with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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13
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Tilak AV, Iyer SN, Mukherjee MS, Singhal RS, Lele SS. Full-gene-sequencing analysis of N-acetyltransferase-2 in an adult Indian population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:188-94. [PMID: 23216273 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Drug-metabolizing enzymes play a major role in determining the outcome of drug therapy. N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) is one of the main enzymes involved in metabolism of isoniazid used in treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Several variations in the NAT2 gene give rise to multiple haplotypes that phenotypically code for different acetylator status. The objective was to generate a more unambiguous picture of the NAT2 scenario in India as compared to that obtained from polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. METHODS Full-gene-sequencing analysis of NAT2 was carried out in 181 healthy Indian subjects from different regional groups. RESULTS A total of 33 diplotypes were recorded from six known single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The overall frequency of the slow acetylator haplotypes detected in this study was 65%, followed by 26% and 9% intermediate and rapid acetylators, respectively. Of the slow acetylator alleles, the NAT2*5B/*6A occurred in 25% of the study subjects. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that the frequency of slow acetylator alleles is high in the adult Indian population. Since the prevalence of TB is high in this population, pharmacogenetic testing for NAT2 alleles may be advisable before start of therapy with isoniazid to prevent drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini V Tilak
- Food Engineering and Technology Department (FETD), Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Matunga, Mumbai, India.
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Singh N, Dubey S, Chinnaraj S, Golani A, Maitra A. Study of NAT2 Gene Polymorphisms in an Indian Population. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 13:49-58. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Grover S, Kukreti R. Functional genetic polymorphisms from phase-II drug metabolizing enzymes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:705-6. [PMID: 22613669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Chen H, Wang X. Significance of bioinformatics in research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Bioinforma 2011; 1:35. [PMID: 22185624 PMCID: PMC3285039 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-1-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of pulmonary function and increasing airway obstruction, with high morality all over the world. The advent of high-throughput omics techniques provided an opportunity to gain insights into disease pathogenesis and process which contribute to the heterogeneity, and find target-specific and disease-specific therapies. As an interdispline, bioinformatics supplied vital information on integrative understanding of COPD. This review focused on application of bioinformatics in COPD study, including biomarkers searching and systems biology. We also presented the requirements and challenges in implementing bioinformatics to COPD research and interpreted these results as clinical physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes influence the risk of pulmonary emphysema. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:876-83. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834d597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Putra AC, Tanimoto K, Arifin M, Antariksa B, Hiyama K. Genetic variations in detoxification enzymes and HIF-1α in Japanese patients with COPD. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 7:7-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lakhdar R, Denden S, Kassab A, Leban N, Knani J, Lefranc G, Miled A, Chibani JB, Khelil AH. Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of antioxidant and metabolizing gene polymorphisms. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:364-75. [PMID: 21721950 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.580416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by systemic and local chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The sources of the increased oxidative stress in COPD patients derive from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoke and other forms of particulate or gaseous air pollution and from the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by several inflammatory, immune, and structural airways cells. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors may also contribute to the pathogenesis if COPD, particularly antioxidant genes, which may confer a susceptibility to environmental insults such as cigarette smoke and thereafter development of COPD. Consequently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genetic polymorphisms may have an important role in COPD pathogenesis. In this review the authors summarized the most recent findings dealing with these antioxidant genes contributing to the free radical neutralization and xenobiotic enzymes playing a role in different phases of cell detoxification reactions related to the redox status imbalance in COPD, with an emphasis on their possible roles in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Lakhdar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Uslu A, Ogus C, Ozdemir T, Bilgen T, Tosun O, Keser I. The effect of CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms on Theophylline metabolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Turkish patients. BMB Rep 2010; 43:530-4. [PMID: 20797314 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.8.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 gene polymorphisms are thought to be involved in the metabolism of theophylline (TP). We aimed to investigate the effect of CYP1A2*1C, CYP1A2*1D, CYP1A2*1E, and CYP1A2*1F polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 on TP metabolism by PCR-RFLP in 100 Turkish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving TP. One hundred and one healthy volunteers were included as control group. The genotype frequencies of the CYP1A2*1D and CYP1A2*1F were found to be significantly different in the patients compared to the controls. The "T" allele at -2467 delT and the "C" allele at -163 C > A in the CYP1A2 displayed association with a significantly increased risk for COPD. "T" allele at - 2467 delT was also associated with a high risk of disease severity in COPD. In conclusion, our data suggest that genetic alterations in CYP1A2 may play a role both in the pharmacogenetics of TP and in the development of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uslu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYBA gene polymorphisms associated with oxidative stress in COPD. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:474-80. [PMID: 20080081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depends on detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, which detoxify cigarette smoke reactive components that, otherwise, generate oxidative stress. METHODS In a case-control study of 346 subjects with and without COPD, we examined the polymorphisms 462Ile/Val, 3801T/C of CYP1A1, -3860G/A of CYP1A2 and -930A/G, 242C/T of CYBA individually or in combination and their contribution to oxidative stress markers by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). RESULTS COPD patients had significantly increased MDA concentration (p<0.001) and decreased CAT activity, GSH concentration, GPx activity (p< or =0.01). The patients were over-represented by the alleles 462Val, 3801C of CYP1A1 and -930G, 242C of CYBA (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.030 and p=0.031, respectively) and consequently the haplotypes of same alleles i.e. 462Val:3801C, 462Val:3801T and -930G:242C (p=0.048, p=0.016 and p=0.039, respectively). Similarly, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 haplotypes, 462Val:3860G and 462Val:3801T:3860G were significantly over-represented (p=0.001 and p=0.003), respectively in patients. The same alleles-associated genotype-combinations between genes were more prevalent in patients. Of note, the genotypes, 462Ile/Val+Val/Val, 3801TC+CC of CYP1A1 and -930AG+GG of CYBA associated with increased MDA concentration (p=0.018, p=0.045 and p=0.017, respectively), decreased CAT activity (p<0.0001, p=0.080 and p<0.0001, respectively) and GSH concentration (p<0.0001, p=0.0002 and p=0.011, respectively) in patients. CONCLUSION The identified alleles, its haplotypes and the genotype-combination along with increased oxidative stress, signify the importance in susceptibility to COPD.
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Genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes P450 (CYP) as a susceptibility factor for drug response, toxicity, and cancer risk. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2009; 60:217-42. [PMID: 19581216 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances including drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Genotyping for CYP polymorphisms provides important genetic information that help to understand the effects of xenobiotics on human body. For drug metabolism, the most important polymorphisms are those of the genes coding for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5, which can result in therapeutic failure or severe adverse reactions. Genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 are among the most responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, especially for the metabolic activation of pre-carcinogens. There is evidence of association between gene polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Pathways of carcinogen metabolism are complex, and are mediated by activities of multiple genes, while single genes have a limited impact on cancer risk. Multigenic approach in addition to environmental determinants in large sample studies is crucial for a reliable evaluation of any moderate gene effect. This article brings a review of current knowledge on the relations between the polymorphisms of some CYPs and drug activity/toxicity and cancer risk.
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Association between cytochrome P450 3A5 polymorphism and the lung function in Saskatchewan grain workers. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008; 18:487-93. [PMID: 18496128 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3282fb02ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activity of the enzymes that metabolize tobacco smoke may affect the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 is expressed selectively over CYP3A4 in human lung, but the association between the CYP3A5 polymorphisms and the airway injury is unknown. METHODS Two hundred and six male Saskatchewan grain workers participated in this longitudinal study, and their lung function values of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), respiratory symptoms, smoking status, and the occupational history were analyzed. RESULTS A significant interactive effect was observed between the CYP3A5 genotype and current smoking status on FEV1, and the annual decline rates of FEV1 and FVC in current smokers were greater among CYP3A5*1/*3 carriers than CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers (-48.7+/-16.4 vs. -31.5+/-4.7 ml/years, P=0.02; -27.4+/-18.9 vs. -5.8+/-6.5 ml/years, P=0.04). The incidences of chronic cough and COPD were also higher in current smokers with CYP3A5*1/*3 than in nonsmokers and current smokers with CYP3A5*3/*3. The adjusted odds ratios for chronic cough and COPD current smokers with CYP3A5*1/*3 versus nonsmokers with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype were 11.4 (P=0.009) and 4.3 (P=0.13), respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CYP3A5*1 may be a novel genetic risk factor for airway injury in smokers, and that CYP3A5 may play a role in airway injury owing to the bioactivation of chemicals in tobacco smoke.
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Arif E, Vibhuti A, Deepak D, Singh B, Siddiqui MS, Pasha MAQ. COX2 and p53 risk-alleles coexist in COPD. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 397:48-50. [PMID: 18692035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke stimulates airway epithelial cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines which influence various inflammation-related genes, including COX2, whereas p53 expression is known to alter in such a condition. Since both the genes share several common physiological functions including inflammation and oxidative stress, we investigated within gene and gene-gene interactions towards susceptibility to the disease. METHOD In a prospective gene-association study we conducted PCR-RFLP for genotyping the COX2 -765G/C and 8473T/C and p53 72Pro/Arg polymorphisms in 229 COPD patients and 147 healthy controls. RESULTS The -765GC+CC genotypes of COX2 and Pro/Pro+Pro/Arg genotypes of p53 were prevalent in patients with significant odds ratio, 2.05 and 2.30, respectively (p=0.001; p=0.009, respectively), as a consequence, the -765C and 72Pro alleles were prevalent (p<or=0.001). Individually, the 8473T/C polymorphism did not associate with the disease (p=NS), however, it did in the haplotype -765C:8473C, which was significantly higher in patients (p<0.0001). Based on its prevalence, the three alleles were identified as risk-alleles in patients. The combinations of the genotypes containing 3, 4 and 5 risk alleles of the 3 polymorphisms were significantly over-represented in patients, whereas, the genotypes combinations containing 0, 1 and 2 risk alleles were significantly higher in controls (p=0.0004). The pairwise gene-gene interactions validated prevalence of risk-alleles associated pairing of genotypes such as the Pro/Pro+ Pro/Arg with -765GC+-765CC in patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of COX2 and p53 risk-alleles contributes towards susceptibility to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Arif E, Ahsan A, Vibhuti A, Rajput C, Deepak D, Athar M, Singh B, Pasha MAQ. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants contribute to oxidative stress in COPD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:182-8. [PMID: 17658478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays critical role in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in COPD, pointing to the significance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) variants. We investigated the association of -786T/C, -922A/G, 4B/4A, and 894G/T polymorphisms of eNOS with the disease and its impact on nitrite and malonaldehyde levels in 190 COPD patients and 134 healthy controls, all smokers. The -786C, -922G and 4A alleles were significantly over-represented in patients (p=0.02, p=0.02, and p=0.03, respectively). The haplotypes, -786C:4A, 4A:894G, -786C:894G, and -786C:4A:894G were significantly over-represented in patients (p<0.0001, p =0.02, p=0.02, and p <0.0001, respectively), whereas, haplotypes, -786T:4B, 4B:894G, -786T:894G, and -786T:4B:894G were significantly under-represented in the patients (p<0.0001). The patients had significantly increased levels of nitrite (p=0.003) and malonaldehyde (p<0.0001). Combination of genotypes containing -786C and 4A alleles were greater in patients (p 0.05), and these combinations associated with decreased FEV1 value and nitrite level (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively) and with increased malonaldehyde levels (p=0.02). The eNOS -786C, -922G, and 4A alleles, these alleles associated haplotypes and genotype combinations were over-represented in patients. The variants and their combinations of four polymorphisms of eNOS contribute to disturbed pulmonary function and oxidative stress in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 007, India
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