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Chen J, Zhang H, Li L, Zhang X, Zhao D, Wang L, Wang J, Yang P, Sun H, Liu K, Chen W, Li L, Lin F, Li Z, Chen YE, Zhang J, Pang D, Ouyang H, He Y, Fan J, Tang X. Lp-PLA 2 (Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2) Deficiency Lowers Cholesterol Levels and Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e11-e28. [PMID: 36412196 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2) activity is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, whether and how Lp-PLA2 is directly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still unclear. To examine the hypothesis that Lp-PLA2 could be a potential preventative target of atherosclerosis, we generated Lp-PLA2 knockout rabbits and investigated the pathophysiological functions of Lp-PLA2. METHODS Lp-PLA2 knockout rabbits were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system to assess the role of Lp-PLA2 in plasma lipids regulation and identify its underlying molecular mechanisms. Homozygous knockout rabbits along with wild-type rabbits were fed a cholesterol-rich diet for up to 14 weeks and their atherosclerotic lesions were compared. Moreover, the effects of Lp-PLA2 deficiency on the key cellular behaviors in atherosclerosis were assessed in vitro. RESULTS When rabbits were fed a standard diet, Lp-PLA2 deficiency led to a significant reduction in plasma lipids. The decreased protein levels of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) and HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) in livers of homozygous knockout rabbits indicated that the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway was impaired with Lp-PLA2 deficiency. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that intracellular Lp-PLA2 efficiently enhanced SREBP2-related cholesterol biosynthesis signaling independently of INSIGs (insulin-induced genes). When fed a cholesterol-rich diet, homozygous knockout rabbits exhibited consistently lower level of hypercholesterolemia, and their aortic atherosclerosis lesions were significantly reduced by 60.2% compared with those of wild-type rabbits. The lesions of homozygous knockout rabbits were characterized by reduced macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages of homozygous knockout rabbits were insensitive to M1 polarization and showed reduced DiI-labeled lipoprotein uptake capacity compared with wild-type macrophages. Lp-PLA2 deficiency also inhibited the adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that Lp-PLA2 plays a causal role in regulating blood lipid homeostasis and Lp-PLA2 deficiency protects against dietary cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Lp-PLA2 could be a potential target for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Linquan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Dazhong Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Lingyu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (P.Y., H.S., K.L., W.C., Y.H.)
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (P.Y., H.S., K.L., W.C., Y.H.)
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (P.Y., H.S., K.L., W.C., Y.H.)
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (P.Y., H.S., K.L., W.C., Y.H.)
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Zhanjun Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (Y.E.C., J.Z.)
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (Y.E.C., J.Z.)
| | - Daxin Pang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.).,Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China (D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.).,Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China (D.P., H.O., X.T.)
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (P.Y., H.S., K.L., W.C., Y.H.)
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan (J.F.)
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (J.C., H.Z., Linquan Li, X.Z., D.Z., L.W., J.W., Lin Li, F.L., Z.L., D.P., H.O., X.T.).,Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China (D.P., H.O., X.T.)
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Khan MI, Hariprasad G. Human Secretary Phospholipase A2 Mutations and Their Clinical Implications. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:551-561. [PMID: 32982370 PMCID: PMC7502393 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s269557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) belong to a superfamily of enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acids of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid. PLA2s are the rate limiting enzyme for the downstream synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes that are the main mediators of inflammation. The extracellular forms of this enzyme are also called the secretary phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and are distributed extensively in most of the tissues in the human body. Their integral role in inflammatory pathways has been the primary reason for the extensive research on this molecule. The catalytic mechanism of sPLA2 is initiated by a histidine/aspartic acid/calcium complex within the active site. Though they are known to have certain housekeeping functions, certain mutations of sPLA2 are known to be implicated in causation of certain pathologies leading to diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, benign fleck retina, neurodegeneration, and asthma. We present an overview of human sPLA2 and a comprehensive compilation of the mutations that result in various disease phenotypes. The study not only helps to have a holistic understanding of human sPLA2 mutations and their clinical implications, but is also a useful platform to initiate research pertaining to structure–function relationship of the mutations to develop effective therapies for management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Widodo, Ramadhani AN, Nofitasari A, Puspitarini S, Priyandoko D, Saifur Rohman M, Lukitasari M. The V279F polymorphism might change protein character and immunogenicity in Lp-PLA2 protein. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Sairam SG, Sola S, Barooah A, Javvaji SK, Jaipuria J, Venkateshan V, Chelli J, Sanjeevi CB. The role of Lp-PLA 2 and biochemistry parameters as potential biomarkers of coronary artery disease in Asian South-Indians: a case-control study. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:589-597. [PMID: 29302464 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an emerging biomarker for inflammation that has shown association with CAD. Its significance in the Asian Indian population is not clearly known. We sought to compare the possible association of various biomarkers of atherosclerosis along with Lp-PLA2, in symptomatic individuals with CAD vs. healthy controls in Asian South-Indians. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional case control study at three centers in a South Indian population. A total of 100 CAD patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 100 age and gender matched healthy controls participated, of which, 166 subjects or 83 case-control pairs with complete data for both participants were identified for the statistical analysis. Lp-PLA2 concentration and activity were measured using PLAC test and PLAC activity assay respectively (diaDexus Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA), while all other parameters were measured using standard commercially available kits. Results We enrolled a total of 200 subjects (mean age 50.7±9.6 years, 87.5% males). A total of 83 subjects completed the study in the CAD group (mean age 51 ±8.9 years, 85% males) and 83 subjects in the control group (mean age 50±8.9 years, 86.5% males). In the CAD group, Lp-PLA2 concentration positively correlated with TC (ρ=0.19, P=0.02), non-HDL-C (ρ=0.20, P=0.02), Lp-PLA2 activity (ρ=0.27, P=0.001) and Lp(a) (r=0.25, P=0.02). Lp-PLA2 activity correlated positively with TC (ρ=0.28, P=0.001), LDL-C (ρ=0.30, P<0.001), non-HDL-C (ρ=0.35, P<0.001), ApoB (ρ=0.35, P<0.001) and negatively correlated to HDL-C (ρ=-0.24, P=0.004). Cox proportionality hazards model revealed Lp-PLA2 concentration (β=0.006, SE =0.002, P=0.009) to have positive association with the event of CAD, while negative association was observed for ApoA1 (β=-0.06, SE =0.02, P=0.001). ROC analysis revealed that the highest quartile of Lp-PLA2 concentration to have area under curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65-0.9; P<0.001) with cut off value of >427 ng/mL and ApoA1 with AUC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85; P<0.001) with cut off value of ≤129.6 mg/dL with the optimum balance of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions In this study population, circulating plasma Lp-PLA2 was found to be elevated in CAD group. ApoA1 showed negative association and Lp-PLA2 concentration showed positive association with risk for CAD. In the highest quartile, Lp-PLA2 concentration had the best diagnostic utility. Our results support the hypothesis that Lp-PLA2 may be a potential risk marker for CAD in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Giridhar Sairam
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, India
| | - Srikanth Sola
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Asha Barooah
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sai Kiran Javvaji
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jiten Jaipuria
- Department of Urology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Prasanthi Gram, India
| | | | - Janardhana Chelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, India
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Ma M, Zhai CX, Sun CX. Correlations Between LP-PLA2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility and Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in a Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:206-212. [PMID: 28332853 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Department of Emergency, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Kim M, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Jang HY, Lee SH, Lee JH. Effects of overweight and the PLA2G7 V279F polymorphism on the association of age with systolic blood pressure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173611. [PMID: 28334001 PMCID: PMC5363925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to determine the effects of the persistence of overweight for three years and the PLA2G7 V279F polymorphism, as well as the interaction between these factors, on the association of age with blood pressure (BP). Healthy middle-aged subjects with normotensive BP were divided into the normal-weight and overweight groups. The PLA2G7 V279F genotype, BP, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were determined. Lp-PLA2 activity was lower in the F allele subjects (n = 111) than in those with the VV genotype (n = 389). The overweight individuals with the F allele had lower Lp-PLA2 activity and ox-LDL at both baseline and after three years and lower systolic and diastolic BP and LDL cholesterol after three years compared with those with the VV phenotype. After three years, the overweight subjects with the VV phenotype exhibited greater increases in Lp-PLA2 activity, systolic BP, and ox-LDL than those with the F allele and normal-weight subjects with the VV phenotype. A multivariate analysis revealed that the PLA2G7 V279F genotype, baseline BMI, changes in Lp-PLA2 activity and ox-LDL remained independently and positively associated with changes in systolic BP. The simultaneous presence of the PLA2G7 279VV genotype and persistence of overweight synergistically increases the risk for hypertension, whereas lower Lp-PLA2 activity in PLA2G7 279F allele carriers might offer certain protection against hypertension, even in individuals who have been overweight for over three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Jang
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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A previously unreported impact of a PLA2G7 gene polymorphism on the plasma levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and mass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37465. [PMID: 27905470 PMCID: PMC5131362 DOI: 10.1038/srep37465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We aimed to assess the genetic determinants of Lp-PLA2 activity and mass by genotyping multiple polymorphisms in PLA2G7, the gene encoding Lp-PLA2, among 1258 participants from the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study-Beijing Project. The Sequenom MassARRAY system, Taqman assay and direct sequencing were adopted. For the first time, the rs13218408 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with reduced Lp-PLA2 levels. We also confirmed the significant association of previously validated polymorphisms (rs1421378, rs1805018, rs16874954 and rs2216465), even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and for Bonferroni correction. Percentages of variance attributable to rs13218408 were 7.2% for activity and 13.3% for mass, and were secondary to those of rs16874954 (8.1% for activity and 16.9% for mass). A significant joint effect of rs13218408 and rs16874954 was observed on Lp-PLA2 activity (P = 0.058) and mass (P = 0.003), with their minor alleles together linking to the largest reduction in Lp-PLA2 levels (37.8% reduction in activity and 41.6% reduction in mass). Taken together, our findings show a significant association of a PLA2G7 polymorphism with Lp-PLA2 levels, which was previously unreported in any population. The functionality of this genetic variation deserves further investigations.
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Ge J, Wang J, Xue D, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Li X, Su D, Du J. Why does a high-fat diet induce preeclampsia-like symptoms in pregnant rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1872-80. [PMID: 25206496 PMCID: PMC4145971 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.20.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid metabolism disorder-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 days. Thus, these pregnant rats experienced preeclampsia-like syndromes such as tension and proteinuria. Simultaneously, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in the rat hippocampus. These findings indicate that increased sion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 promotes the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China ; The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army No. 202 Hosiptal, Shenyang 110003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zhu
- Dantu District Sanitary Supervision Institute, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Provicne, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army No. 202 Hosiptal, Shenyang 110003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Su
- Department of Neurology, the 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
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Jung S, Kim M, Chae JS, Lee SH, Joo J, Lee JH. Carriage of the V279F homozygous genotype, a rare allele, within the gene encoding Lp-PLA2 leads to changes in circulating intermediate metabolites in individuals without metabolic syndrome. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1243-52. [PMID: 25078067 DOI: 10.5551/jat.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Identifying differences in plasma metabolic profiling between Lp-PLA2 279VV and 279FF in individuals without metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be used to elucidate the roles of novel Lp-PLA2 activities in normal physiological processes. METHODS Non-MetS individuals with 279FF (n=36) and age-, sex- and BMI-matched VV subjects (n=36) were included in this analysis. RESULTS The FF subjects exhibited no appreciable enzyme activity. No significant differences were observed between the VV and FF subjects in the serum lipid profiles or hs-CRP, plasma ox-LDL, MDA or urinary 8-epi-PGF2α levels. The FF subjects also showed lower activities of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) (16:0) (p=0.003) and oleamide (p<0.001) and a higher activity of L-tryptophan (p=0.016) than the VV subjects. In addition, the Lp-PLA2 activity positively correlated with the lysoPC (16:0) and lysoPC (18:0) activities and negatively correlated with the PC (16:0/22:6) and L-tryptophan activities in the VV subjects. Furthermore, in the VV subjects, the lysoPC (16:0) and lysoPC (18:0) activities negatively correlated with the presence of PCs containing 14:0/20:2, 14:0/22:4 and 16:0/22:6, while the oleamide activity exhibited a strong positive correlation with lysoPCs and a negative correlation with PCs, whereas the relationship between oleamide and lysoPCs and PCs was weaker in the FF subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that the natural absence of the plasma Lp-PLA2 activity due to carriage of the Lp-PLA2 279FF genotype may reduce the generation of lysoPC (16:0) and oleamide and thereby enhance the activity of plasma tryptophan in normal physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saem Jung
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University
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Gregson J, Stirnadel-Farrant HA, Doobaree IU, Koro C. Variation of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 across demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of the literature. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:11-21. [PMID: 22784637 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein association phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA(2)), an enzyme which has been found in atherosclerotic plaque is currently under investigation in large Phase III clinical trials of vascular disease prevention. We assessed in a variety of different population settings variation of Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity across gender, ethnicity, diabetes, kidney disease and metabolic syndrome. We also assessed correlations with measures of circulating lipids, systemic inflammation and adiposity. METHODS Systematic review of studies measuring Lp-PLA(2) and at least one of the relevant characteristics in >50 participants. RESULTS We identified a total of 77 studies involving 102,499 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity were consistently approximately 10% higher in males than females and 15% higher in Caucasians than African Americans or Hispanics. There were no clear associations of Lp-PLA(2) mass or activity with type II diabetes, markers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen) or with body mass index. Correlations of Lp-PLA(2) mass or activity with low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were moderate and positive, whilst correlations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol were negative and moderate to weak. There was no clear differences in associations with any of the above characteristics in groups defined based upon prevalent cardiovascular disease or its risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Despite considerable variability in absolute levels of Lp-PLA(2) across studies, the variability of Lp-PLA(2) across gender, ethnicity, and levels of circulating lipids and markers of systemic inflammation are more consistent and appear not to vary importantly across categories defined by CVD or its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gregson
- Department of Public Healthy and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom.
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Rosenson RS, Stafforini DM. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1767-82. [PMID: 22665167 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r024190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a unique member of the phospholipase A(2) superfamily. This enzyme is characterized by its ability to specifically hydrolyze PAF as well as glycerophospholipids containing short, truncated, and/or oxidized fatty acyl groups at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. In humans, Lp-PLA(2) circulates in active form as a complex with low- and high-density lipoproteins. Clinical studies have reported that plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity and mass are strongly associated with atherogenic lipids and vascular risk. These observations led to the hypothesis that Lp-PLA(2) activity and/or mass levels could be used as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and that inhibition of the activity could offer an attractive therapeutic strategy. Darapladib, a compound that inhibits Lp-PLA(2) activity, is anti-atherogenic in mice and other animals, and it decreases atherosclerotic plaque expansion in humans. However, disagreement continues to exist regarding the validity of Lp-PLA(2) as an independent marker of atherosclerosis and a scientifically justified target for intervention. Circulating Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity are associated with vascular risk, but the strength of the association is reduced after adjustment for basal concentrations of the lipoprotein carriers with which the enzyme associates. Genetic studies in humans harboring an inactivating mutation at this locus indicate that loss of Lp-PLA(2) function is a risk factor for inflammatory and vascular conditions in Japanese cohorts. Consistently, overexpression of Lp-PLA(2) has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties in animal models. This thematic review critically discusses results from laboratory and animal studies, analyzes genetic evidence, reviews clinical work demonstrating associations between Lp-PLA(2) and vascular disease, and summarizes results from animal and human clinical trials in which administration of darapladib was tested as a strategy for the management of atherosclerosis.
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Paik JK, Kim JY, Kim OY, Lee Y, Jeong TS, Sweeney G, Jang Y, Lee JH. Circulating and PBMC Lp-PLA2 associate differently with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation in nonobese women (menopausal status). PLoS One 2012; 7:e29675. [PMID: 22359537 PMCID: PMC3281008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activity in circulation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in nonobese women and according to menopausal status. Lp-PLA(2) activity, a marker for cardiovascular risk is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Eighty postmenopausal women (53.0±4.05 yr) and 96 premenopausal women (39.7±9.25 yr) participated in this study. Lp-PLA(2) activities, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β in plasma as well as in PBMCs were measured. Plasma ox-LDL was also measured. Postmenopausal women demonstrated higher circulating levels of ox-LDL and IL-6, as well as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in PBMCs, than premenopausal women. In both groups, plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs and plasma ox-LDL. In premenopausal women, Lp-PLA(2) activities in plasma and PBMCs positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in PBMCs. In postmenopausal women, plasma ox-LDL positively correlated with PBMC cytokine production. In subgroup analysis of postmenopausal women according to plasma ox-LDL level (median level: 48.715 U/L), a significant increase in Lp-PLA(2) activity in the plasma but not the PBMCs was found in the high ox-LDL subgroup. Plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with unstimulated PBMC Lp-PLA(2) activity in the low ox-LDL subgroup (r = 0.627, P<0.001), whereas in the high ox-LDL circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with plasma ox-LDL (r = 0.390, P = 0.014) but not with Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The lack of relation between circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity and Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs was found in postmenopausal women with high ox-LDL. This may indicate other sources of circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity except PBMC in postmenopausal women with high ox-LDL. We also demonstrated that circulating Lp-PLA(2) and PBMC secreted Lp-PLA(2) associate differently with markers of oxidative stress and sub clinical inflammation in nonobese women, particularly according to the menopausal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kyung Paik
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, Korea & Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Genome Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Li L, Qi L, Lv N, Gao Q, Cheng Y, Wei Y, Ye J, Yan X, Dang A. Association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:605-11. [PMID: 21834908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) gene (PLA2G7) in atherosclerosis remains controversial. We investigated the frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PLA2G7 (rs16874954 and rs1051931) and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a cohort of CAD patients (n= 806) and age-matched healthy controls (n= 482) in the Chinese Han population. The VF and FF genotype of rs16874954 was significantly more frequent in the CAD patients (13.5%) than in the controls (9.3%, P= 0.024). The association remained after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes, positive family history of CAD, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (OR = 1.922; 95% CI [1.146-3.224]; P= 0.013). There was no significant difference in the frequency of any genotype of rs1051931 between the two groups. However, the frequency of the allele V379 was significantly greater in CAD patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) than in those without a history of MI (18.7% and 14.8%, P= 0.038). We conclude that there is significant association between the rs16874954 mutation and CAD in the Chinese Han population. The expression of rs1051931 variant in CAD patients may entail increased risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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