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Moharir S, Akotkar L, Aswar U, Kumar D, Gawade B, Pal K, Rane R. Improved Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Deuterium-Reinforced Tricyclic Antidepressants Doxepin, Dosulepin, and Clomipramine in Animal Models. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:181-190. [PMID: 38172422 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Doxepin, dosulepin, and clomipramine are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that act as serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. The metabolites formed by N-dealkylation of these tricyclic antidepressants contribute to overall poor pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Deuteration of the methyl groups at metabolically active sites has been reported to be a useful strategy for developing more selective and potent antidepressants. This isotopic deuteration can lead to better bioavailability and overall effectiveness. The objective is to study the effect of site-selective deuteration of TCAs on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile by comparison with their nondeuterated counterparts. METHODS In the current study, the pharmacokinetic profile and antidepressant behavior of deuterated TCAs were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), using male Wistar rats and male Swiss albino mice, respectively; additionally, a synaptosomal reuptake study was carried out. RESULTS Compared with the nondeuterated parent drugs, deuterated forms showed improved efficacy in the behavior paradigm, indicating improved pharmacological activity. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated increased maximum concentration in the plasma (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in deuterated compounds. This can have a positive clinical impact on antidepressant treatment. Synaptosomal reuptake studies indicated marked inhibition of the reuptake mechanism of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine. CONCLUSIONS Deuterated TCAs can prove to be potentially better molecules in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders as compared with nondeuterated compounds. In addition, we have demonstrated a concept that metabolically active, site-selective deuteration can be beneficial for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of TCAs. A further toxicological study of these compounds is needed to validate their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Moharir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Bapu Gawade
- Cleanchem Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Kopar-Khairane, Navi Mumbai, 400710, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rajesh Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India.
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2
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Development of MOF-based PVC membrane potentiometric sensor for determination of imipramine hydrochloride. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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El Zaher AA, El Kady EF, El Messiry HM, El Ghwas HE, El Houssini OM. Synchronous LC-MS/MS determination of pantoprazole and amitriptyline in rabbit plasma: application to comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic study of novel formulated effervescent granules with its marketed tablet dosage form. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07752. [PMID: 34435144 PMCID: PMC8375633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics properties of pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor)/amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant) in novel formulated effervescent granules was estimated in rabbit plasma using a validated, selective and rapid LC-MS/MS method. Separation and detection of pantoprazole, amitriptyline and internal standards namely omeprazole and dothiepin, respectively, were achieved at ambient column temperature on C18. Acetonitrile: 4mM ammonium acetate solution (comprising 0.05 % formic acid) (40:60, v/v) was used as mobile phase and the flow rate of 0.6 mLmin-1 was applied. Liquid-liquid extraction technique with diethyl ether: dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) was used to extract the cited drugs from rabbit plasma. Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in the positive ionization mode was carried out for quantification. The method was validated over linear concentration range of 0.01-4μgmL-1 and 0.001-0.1 μgmL-1 for Pan and Ami respectively, with regression coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.9961. The intra- and inter-run precisions (%CV) were ≤4.03. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 95.92%-100.24 %. Pan and Ami were stable during three freeze-thaw cycle and post-preparative stability. The work also aimed to formulate immediate release novel effervescent granules by melt granulation technique. Nine formulae were assessed by validated dissolution test for their micrometric properties and dissolution profile. Experimental design was applied to select formula that fulfilled the desired criteria of optimum release of pantoprazole and amitriptyline with optimum micrometric properties for the study. A single period randomized open-label parallel design was applied on Chancellor's rabbit. The selected formula showed superior pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole and amitriptyline than that of marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A El Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ehab F El Kady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El Messiry
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Hind E El Ghwas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Ola M El Houssini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
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4
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Ma W, Gao X, Guo H, Chen W. Determination of 13 antidepressants in blood by UPLC-MS/MS with supported liquid extraction pretreatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122608. [PMID: 33756452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are widely used nowadays. Due to the potential detrimental consequences and involvement in forensic cases, therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants is desired. Herein we report a method for sensitive determination of 13 commonly used antidepressants in blood. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with supported liquid extraction (SLE) was developed for analysis of imipramine, desipramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, paroxetine, maprotiline, sertraline, citalopram, clomipramine, trazodone, doxepin, clozapine and amitriptyline in this study. The limits of detection (LODs) are in the range of 0.0003-0.003 ng/mL, which are lower than other reported methods by several orders of magnitude. The linear ranges are 0.01-200 ng/mL for norfluoxetine, paroxetine and doxepin, while the linear ranges are 0.001-200 ng/mL for the rest antidepressants. The correlation coefficients are over 0.99. Extraction recoveries (ER) ranging in 82.4-101.5% were obtained for the target analytes. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) range in 4.5-10.3% and inter-day RSDs range in 5.1-12.7%. Reasonable values of matrix effect (ME) ranging in 82.5-110.4% were obtained for quality control samples. The present methodology was used for the analysis of antidepressants in real cases and is expected to have a wide usage for analysis of antidepressants in biomedical area and forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Ma
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Sciences, Chongqing 400021, China.
| | - Weiming Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Manousi N, Samanidou VF. Recent Advances in the HPLC Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Bio-Samples. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:24-38. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190617150518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
:
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are a group of the main category of antidepressant drugs,
which are commonly prescribed to treat major depressive disorder. Determination of TCA drugs is
very important for clinical and forensic toxicology, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring in various
biofluids. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a well-established technique for
this purpose. A lot of progress has been made in this field since the past 10 years. Novel extraction
techniques, and novel materials for sample preparation, novel columns and novel applications of analysis
of various biofluids for the determination of TCAs in combination with other drugs are some typical
examples. Moreover, advances have been performed in terms of Green Analytical Chemistry principles.
Herein, we aim to discuss the developed HPLC methods that were reported in the literature for
the time span of 2008-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria F. Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen R, Ning Z, Zheng C, Yang Y, Zhang C, Ou X, Chen K, Yu H, Wei X, Zhao Q, He J. Simultaneous determination of 16 alkaloids in blood by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with supported liquid extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Mifsud Buhagiar L, Sammut C, Chircop Y, Axisa K, Sammut Bartolo N, Vella Szijj J, Serracino Inglott A, LaFerla G. Practical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their hydroxy metabolites in human serum. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4679. [PMID: 31415098 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amitriptyline (AMI) has been in use for decades in treating depression and more recently for the management of neuropathic pain. A highly sensitive and specific LC-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of AMI, its active metabolite nortriptyline (NOR) and their hydroxy-metabolites in human serum, using deuterated AMI and NOR as internal standards. The isobaric E-10-hydroxyamitriptyline (E-OH AMI), Z-10-hydroxyamitriptyline (Z-OH AMI), E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (E-OH NOR) and Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline (Z-OH NOR), together with their parent compounds, were separated on an ACE C18 column using a simple protein precipitation method, followed by dilution and analysis using positive electrospray ionisation with multiple reaction monitoring. The total run time was 6 min with elution of E-OH AMI, E-OH NOR, Z-OH AMI, Z-OH NOR, AMI (+ deuterated AMI) and NOR (+ deuterated NOR) at 1.21, 1.28, 1.66, 1.71, 2.50 and 2.59 min, respectively. The method was validated in human serum with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.5-400 ng/mL (r2 > .999). The practical assay was applied on samples from patients on AMI, genotyped for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, to understand the influence of metaboliser status and concomitant medication on therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mifsud Buhagiar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Malta Medicines Authority, Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann, Malta
| | - Carmel Sammut
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Yana Chircop
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Kersty Axisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Janis Vella Szijj
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Anthony Serracino Inglott
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Malta Medicines Authority, Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann, Malta
| | - Godfrey LaFerla
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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8
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Applications of Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Biological Matrices. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs) are a main category of antidepressants, which are until today widely used for the treatment of psychological disorders due to their low cost and their high efficiency. Therefore, there is a great demand for method development for the determination of TCAs in biofluids, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring. Gas chromatography (GC) was the first chromatographic technique implemented for this purpose. With the recent development in the field of sample preparation, many novel GC applications have been developed. Herein, we aim to report the recent application of GC for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in biofluids. Emphasis is given to novel extraction techniques and novel materials used for sample preparation.
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9
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A simple poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-coated glass blood spot method for monitoring of seven antidepressants using capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 188:772-778. [PMID: 30029445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive monitoring method for the simultaneous determination of the widely-prescribed antidepressants agomelatine, bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, trazodone in just a human blood drop is here developed and validated. This methodology is based on the use of lab manufactured poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-coated glass (PS-DVB) blood spot for the extraction of the analytes and their subsequent separation and detection by capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS). Briefly, 10 mm-side squares were punched out from blood spots collected on glass substrate coated by 10 µg of the PS-DVB polymer and eluted with 1.0 mL of 2.0% acetic acid in methanol. The analytes were then separated and detected in less than 20 min by capillary CLC-MS using a Jupiter 4 µm Proteo 90 Å column and water: acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) and ammonium acetate (5 mM, pH 3.0) as mobile phase. Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.018 to 0.038 µg mL-1, and remarkable precision values for the responses and retention times lower than 5.89% and 1.92% were calculated, respectively. Moreover, accuracy values ranging between 85% and 104% were obtained.
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Rosado T, Gonçalves A, Martinho A, Alves G, Duarte AP, Domingues F, Silvestre S, Granadeiro LB, Oliveira V, Leitão C, Gallardo E. Simultaneous Quantification of Antidepressants and Metabolites in Urine and Plasma Samples by GC–MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Santos MG, Tavares IMC, Barbosa AF, Bettini J, Figueiredo EC. Analysis of tricyclic antidepressants in human plasma using online-restricted access molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction followed by direct mass spectrometry identification/quantification. Talanta 2016; 163:8-16. [PMID: 27886774 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of a new class of hybrid materials, called restricted access molecularly imprinted polymers (RAMIPs) seems to present a good strategy for the sample preparation of complex matrices, since these materials combine good protein elimination capacity with high degree selectivity. Mass spectrometers (MS) have been successfully used for polar drug identification and quantification. In order to combine the advantages of both RAMIPs and mass spectrometry, we proposed a study that joins these properties in a single system, where we could analyse tricyclic antidepressants from human plasma, without offline extraction or chromatographic separation. A RAMIP for amitriptyline was synthesised by the bulk method, using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and glycidilmethacrylate as a hydrophilic co-monomer. Then, epoxide ring openings were made and the polymer was covered with bovine serum albumin (BSA). A column filled with RAMIP-BSA was coupled to a MS/MS instrument in an online configuration, using water as loading and reconditioning mobile phase and a 0.01% acetic acid aqueous solution: acetonitrile at 30:70 as elution mobile phase. The system was used for on-line extraction and simultaneous quantification of nortriptyline, desipramine, amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine and clomipramine-d3 (IS) (from 15.0 to 500.0μgL-1) from plasma samples. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.99 for all analytes. The CV (coefficient of variation) values ranged from 1.34% to 19.13% for intra assay precision and 1.32-19.77% for inter assay precision. The E% (relative error) values ranged from -19.15% to 19.51% for intra assay accuracy and from -9.04% to 16.22% for inter assay accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Gonçalves Santos
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Maria Campos Tavares
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Barbosa
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Crutchfield CA, Breaud AR, Clarke WA. Quantification of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Serum Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1383:265-70. [PMID: 26660194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3252-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are used to treat major depressive disorder and other psychological conditions. The efficacy of these drugs is tied to a narrow therapeutic window. Inappropriately high drug concentrations can result in serious side effects such as hypotension, tachycardia, or coma. As a result, concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants are routinely monitored to ensure compliance and to prevent adverse side effects by dose adjustments. We describe a method for the determination of concentrations of amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, and nortriptyline in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The method is rapid, requiring only 3.5 min per analysis. The method requires 100 μL of serum. Concentrations of each TCA were quantified by a calibration curve relating the peak area ratio of each TCA analyte to a deuterated internal standard (amitriptyline-D3, desipramine-D3, imipramine-D3, and nortriptyline-D3). The method was linear from ~70 ng/mL to ~1000 ng/mL for all TCAs, with imprecision ≤ 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Crutchfield
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-125, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Autumn R Breaud
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-125, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - William A Clarke
- Department of Pathology-Clinical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-125, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Antidepressants detection and quantification in whole blood samples by GC–MS/MS, for forensic purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Direct analysis of prostaglandin-E2 and -D2 produced in an inflammatory cell reaction and its application for activity screening and potency evaluation using turbulent flow chromatography liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1463:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Shipkova M, Svinarov D. LC–MS/MS as a tool for TDM services: Where are we? Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Rani S, Malik AK, Kaur R, Kaur R. A Review for the Analysis of Antidepressant, Antiepileptic and Quinolone Type Drugs in Pharmaceuticals and Environmental Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:424-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1141670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheela Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ripneel Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Simultaneous determination of cyclic antidepressants and their related drugs and the estimation of new metabolites in human whole blood and urine by MALDI-QTOF-mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zhao J, Shin Y, Chun KH, Yoon HR, Lee J. A Simple, Rapid and Reliable Method to Determine Imipramine and Desipramine in Mouse Serum Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:561-8. [PMID: 26688563 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed for quantification of imipramine, one of the most widely used tricyclic antidepressants, and desipramine, an active metabolite of imipramine, in mouse serum. The developed method included a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile in 50 μL of serum and analyte separation on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient elution of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and 20 mM ammonium formate. As a result, the entire analysis time was <20 min including the sample preparation and the LC-MS analysis. The limit of quantification was 5.0 ng mL(-1) for both imipramine and desipramine, and calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5.0-1,000.0 and 5.0-250.0 ng mL(-1) for imipramine and desipramine, respectively. Intraday precisions at three levels were 2.2-3.6 and 1.7-4.2% for imipramine and desipramine, respectively, whereas interday precisions were 2.6-5.0 and 2.0-8.4% for imipramine and desipramine, respectively. Accuracy ranged between 93.6 and 106.6% for imipramine and 94.1 and 106.4% for desipramine. Absolute recovery was 96.0-97.6% for imipramine and 87.0-99.5% for desipramine. Finally, the described method was applied to mice administered with imipramine, demonstrating the suitability for quantification of imipramine and desipramine for therapeutic drug monitoring or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Simple and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of 16 Antipsychotics and Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Ultrafast High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2015; 37:649-60. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Hu X, Zheng Y, Wu G, Liu J, Chen J, Huang M, Zhou H, Wu L, Shen-Tu J. An Economical Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Methylprednisolone. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1013-9. [PMID: 25404561 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An economical, reproducible and automated online solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify methylprednisolone in human plasma. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, precision/accuracy, process efficiency, stability, cartridge reproducibility and carryover studies. Sample pretreatment was performed by protein precipitation and elimination using methanol followed by water dilution. Then, the mixture was passed onto the HySphere C8 EC-SE online solid-phase extraction cartridge followed by the separation of the analytes on an Agilent Eclipse XDB column. Electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to monitor the ion transitions at m/z 375.4/160.8 for methylprednisolone, and m/z 361.2/147.0 for prednisolone. The calibration curve ranged from 5.25 to 525 ng/mL. Meanwhile both the intra-day and inter-day precision values (relative standard deviation) were within 4.45%. The method which turns out to be less laborious, faster and lower consumable cost per sample has already been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which the oral administration of 16 mg methylprednisolone was conducted in Chinese volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Hu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Yunliang Zheng
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Guolan Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Junchun Chen
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Huili Zhou
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen-Tu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
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Bylda C, Velichkova V, Bolle J, Thiele R, Kobold U, Volmer DA. Magnetic beads as an extraction medium for simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen and structurally related compounds in human serum. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:457-66. [PMID: 25231125 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a sample preparation method that complements a previously published liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for acetaminophen and eight structurally-related compounds in human serum (C. Bylda, R. Thiele, U. Kobold, D.A. Volmer. Drug Test. Anal. 2014, 6, 451). The analytes (acetaminophen [APAP] + metabolites acetaminophen-glucuronide [APG], -cysteine [APC], -mercapturate [APM] and -cysteine [APC], structurally similar analogues phenacetin and p-phenetidine, as well as tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and amitryptiline) were extracted from serum using magnetized hyper-crosslinked polystyrene particles. The sample preparation protocol was developed by means of a design of experiments (DoE) statistical approach. Using three representative compounds from the analyte panel with different polarities (high, medium, and low), two screening designs were used to identify factors that exhibited significant impact on recovery of the analytes. These parameters were then optimized to permit extraction of the complete target panel exhibiting a broad range of chemical polarities. Liquid chromatographic separations were achieved by gradient elution using a pentafluorphenyl column with subsequent detection by electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was linear over the range 0.1-100 µg/mL for APAP, APG, p-phenetidine and phenacetin, 0.03-50 µg/mL for APS, and 0.01-10 µg/mL for APM, APC, imipramine and amitriptyline, with R(2) > 0.99. The assay exhibited good precision with CVs ranging from 2 to 9% for all analytes; the accuracy was assessed by comparing two LC-MS/MS methods using a set of 68 patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bylda
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.,Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Jens Bolle
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Kobold
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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22
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Petrides AK, Moskowitz J, Johnson-Davis KL, Jannetto PJ, Langman LJ, Clarke W, Marzinke MA. The development and validation of a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and hydroxybupropion in serum. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:73-9. [PMID: 25087976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is a rapidly growing issue in the United States. There are many drug classes that may be used to treat depression, including the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram (Celexa®) and sertraline (Zoloft®), as well as the aminoketone bupropion (Wellbutrin®). However, therapeutic efficacy and treatment success is often variable, requiring changes in dosing regimens or drug selection. Methods for drug quantification can become important tools in the assessment of drug efficacy to optimize treatment regimens. Here, we present a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (TFC-MS/MS) method for the robust, simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and its active metabolite, hydroxybupropion (OH-bupropion). DESIGN AND METHODS Serum spiked with the aforementioned antidepressants, along with their corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards was subjected to protein precipitation. Samples were injected onto a TFC column for on-line solid phase extraction and a Hypersil Gold C18 column for chromatographic separation. Detection was achieved using a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer. Assay validation followed FDA bioanalytical guidelines. RESULTS The analytical measuring range for all analytes spanned from 5 to 1000ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision across four quality control levels were ≤9.2% and ≤14.8%, respectively. A comparison to other LC-MS/MS methods resulted in a strong correlation with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9929 to 0.9971. Carryover, stability, recovery, matrix effects, extraction and processing efficiency were also deemed acceptable in accordance with FDA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The development and validation of this TFC-MS/MS method allow for the robust and high-throughput quantification of commonly prescribed antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena K Petrides
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Moskowitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Loralie J Langman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Xu R, Lee HK. Application of electro-enhanced solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amundsen I, Øiestad Å, Ekeberg D, Kristoffersen L. Quantitative determination of fifteen basic pharmaceuticals in ante- and post-mortem whole blood by high pH mobile phase reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:112-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Núñez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Martins CP, Lucci P, Busquets R. State-of-the-art in fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for bio-analytical applications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:3-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Breaud AR, Henemyre-Harris CL, Schools S, Emezienna N, Clarke W. Rapid quantification of the aminoglycoside arbekacin in serum using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 418:102-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Olson MT, Breaud A, Harlan R, Emezienna N, Schools S, Yergey AL, Clarke W. Alternative calibration strategies for the clinical laboratory: application to nortriptyline therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Chem 2013; 59:920-7. [PMID: 23426427 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of a calibration curve with every run is both time-consuming and expensive for clinical mass spectrometry assays. We present alternative calibration strategies that eliminate the need for a calibration curve except as required by laboratory regulations. METHODS We measured serum nortriptyline concentrations prospectively in 68 patients on 16 days over a 2-month period using a method employing calibration schemes that relied on the measurement of the response ratio (RR) corrected by the response factor (RF), i.e., a measurement of the RR for an equimolar mixture of the analyte and internal standard. Measurements were taken with contemporaneous RF (cRF) measurements as well as sporadic RF (sRF) measurements. The measurements with these alternative calibration schemes were compared against the clinical results obtained by interpolation on a calibration curve, and those differences were evaluated for analytical and clinical significance. RESULTS The differences between the values measured by cRF and sRF calibration and interpolation on a calibration curve were not significant (P = 0.088 and P = 0.091, respectively). Both the cRF- and sRF-based calibration results demonstrated a low mean bias against the calibration curve interpolations of 3.69% (95% CI, -15.8% to 23.2%) and 3.11% (95% CI, -16.4% to 22.6%), respectively. When these results were classified as subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or supratherapeutic, there was categorical agreement in 95.6% of the cRF calibration results and 94.1% of the sRF results. CONCLUSIONS cRF and sRF calibration in a clinically validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay yields results that are analytically and clinically commensurate to those produced by interpolation with a calibration curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Olson
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Marzinke MA, Breaud AR, Clarke W. The development and clinical validation of a turbulent-flow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the rapid quantitation of docetaxel in serum. Clin Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Abstract
New analytical platforms have been developed in response to the need for attaining increased peak capacity for multicomponent complex analysis with higher sensitivity and characterization of the analytes, and high-throughput capabilities. This review outlines the fundamental principles of target and comprehensive 2D LC method development and encompasses applications of LC–LC and LC × LC coupled to MS in bioanalysis using a variety of online analytical procedures. It also provides a rationale for the usage of the most employed mass analyzers and ionization sources on these platforms.
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Schaefer N, Peters B, Schmidt P, Ewald AH. Development and validation of two LC-MS/MS methods for the detection and quantification of amphetamines, designer amphetamines, benzoylecgonine, benzodiazepines, opiates, and opioids in urine using turbulent flow chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:247-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saraji M, Mehrafza N, Bidgoli AAH, Jafari MT. Determination of desipramine in biological samples using liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with in-syringe derivatization, gas chromatography, and nitrogen/phosphorus detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2637-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bioanalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:892-905. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS
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An automated method for the measurement of a range of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human plasma or serum using turbulent flow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1685-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Column switching techniques, using two or more stationary phase columns, are useful for trace enrichment and online automated sample preparation. Target fractions from the first column are transferred online to a second column with different properties for further separation. Column switching techniques can be used to determine the analytes in a complex matrix by direct sample injection or by simple sample treatment. Online column switching sample preparation is usually performed in combination with HPLC or capillary electrophoresis. SPE or turbulent flow chromatography using a cartridge column and in-tube solid-phase microextraction using a capillary column have been developed for convenient column switching sample preparation. Furthermore, various micro-/nano-sample preparation devices using new polymer-coating materials have been developed to improve extraction efficiency. This review describes current developments and future trends in novel column switching sample preparation in bioanalysis, focusing on innovative column switching techniques using new extraction devices and materials.
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38
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New trends in fast liquid chromatography for food and environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:298-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Garg U, Ferguson A. Challenges in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Classical Tricyclic and Newer Antidepressants. Ther Drug Monit 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385467-4.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Niessen WMA. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:626-663. [PMID: 21294151 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.
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Quantification of antidepressants and antipsychotics in human serum by precipitation and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Bio-sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:97-118. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and different analytical methods applied for the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants. These procedures are relevant tools in clinical and forensic toxicology. It is revealed that SPE, for sample preparation, and HPLC, using reversed-phase alkyl (C18) or cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns for the analytes separation, are effective and versatile methods for assay of tricyclic antidepressants. These methods enable achievable detection limits using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, down to 1–8 ng ml-1, and using electron capture detection better than 1 ng ml-1, which is lower than that for nitrogen–phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered similar sensitivity, whilst sonic spray ionization provided detection down to 0.03 ng ml-1. A brief discussion on chemical structures, metabolism and mechanism of action of this group of drugs is also presented.
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Vogeser M, Kirchhoff F. Progress in automation of LC-MS in laboratory medicine. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Mueller DM, Duretz B, Espourteille FA, Rentsch KM. Development of a fully automated toxicological LC-MSn screening system in urine using online extraction with turbulent flow chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:89-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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