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Omran F, Kyrou I, Osman F, Lim VG, Randeva HS, Chatha K. Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Lessons of the Past and Prospects for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105680. [PMID: 35628490 PMCID: PMC9143441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden on the population worldwide. Early detection of this disease is important in prevention and treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are a critical tool to either diagnose, screen, or provide prognostic information for pathological conditions. This review discusses the historical cardiac biomarkers used to detect these conditions, discussing their application and their limitations. Identification of new biomarkers have since replaced these and are now in use in routine clinical practice, but still do not detect all disease. Future cardiac biomarkers are showing promise in early studies, but further studies are required to show their value in improving detection of CVD above the current biomarkers. Additionally, the analytical platforms that would allow them to be adopted in healthcare are yet to be established. There is also the need to identify whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or screening purposes, which will impact their implementation in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Faizel Osman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ven Gee Lim
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Harpal Singh Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Smith CW. Release of α-granule contents during platelet activation. Platelets 2021; 33:491-502. [PMID: 34569425 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of factors which help to mediate their dynamic functions in hemostasis, inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The majority of these bioactive molecules are released from α-granules, which are unique to platelets, and contain an incredibly diverse repertoire of cargo including; integral membrane proteins, pro-coagulant molecules, chemokines, mitogenic, growth and angiogenic factors, adhesion proteins, and microbicidal proteins. Clinically, activation of circulating platelets has increasingly been associated with various disease states. Biomarkers indicating the level of platelet activation in patients can therefore be useful tools to evaluate risk factors to predict future complications and determine treatment strategies or evaluate antiplatelet therapy. The irreversible nature of α-granule secretion makes it ideally suited as a marker of platelet activation. This review outlines the release and contents of platelet α-granules, as well as the membrane bound, and soluble α-granule cargo proteins that can be used as biomarkers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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Hally KE, Parker OM, Brunton-O'Sullivan MM, Harding SA, Larsen PD. Linking Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Platelet Activation: A Composite Biomarker Score for Predicting Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1637-1649. [PMID: 33984869 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of both platelets and neutrophils can contribute to the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important product of the platelet-neutrophil axis and exaggerate vascular damage in cardiovascular disease. Additionally, activated platelets can drive NETosis and are directly linked to thromboembolic risk. Investigating the combined effect of biomarkers for NETosis and platelet activation represents a novel approach to risk prediction post-AMI. Here, we examined the utility of a composite biomarker score, inclusive of both pathways, for predicting MACE post-AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS In a case-control design, 100 case patients who experienced MACE within 1 year of index admission were matched in a 1:2 ratio with control patients. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA, neutrophil elastase-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as markers of NET burden. To measure platelet activation, soluble P-selectin was assayed by ELISA in parallel. Platelet and neutrophil counts were also recorded. Composite biomarker scores, inclusive of biomarkers for NETosis and platelet activation, were assessed using multivariate regression modeling. These composite biomarker scores were independent predictors of 1-year MACE. The strongest association with MACE was observed using a composite of platelet count, soluble P-selectin, and all NET markers (odds ratio: 1.94; 1.16-3.25). CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate the importance of combining biomarkers of NETosis and platelet activation for risk prediction in patients with AMI. Combining biomarkers from closely linked, but distinct, biological pathways was more effective than utilizing either type of biomarker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hally
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olivia M Parker
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Morgane M Brunton-O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Harding
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Cardiology, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Larsen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
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Münzer P, Liu G, Towhid S, Karathanos A, Tavlaki E, Geisler T, Seizer P, May A, Bigalke B, Borst O, Gawaz M, Tolios A, Gatidis S, Lang F. Increased platelet Ca2+ channel Orai1 expression upon platelet activation and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:386-9. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-09-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Is there any relationship between adipocytokines and angiogenesis factors to address endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation in untreated patients with preeclampsia? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:495-502. [PMID: 28707058 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder and its etiology remains still unclear. Recent hypotheses rely on imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and disruption of endothelial function of spiral arteries. In addition; increased VTE (venous thromboembolism) risk is still unclear in preeclampsia. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between endothelial dysfunction, adipocytokines, platelet function, and vasculogenesis in preeclampsia. METHODS Plasma angiogenic (PlGF, VEGF), antiangiogenic factors (sflt-1, endoglin) with adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin), endothelial dysfunction markers (vWF, NO), and platelet function markers (ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation, P-selectin) were examined in 30 early-onset, 22 late-onset preeclampsia, and 27 healthy pregnants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum biomarker levels except NO. NO levels were determined using colorimetric method. RESULTS Endoglin, leptin, and vWF levels were increased in preeclampsia (P < 0.001), whereas PlGF, P-selectin (P < 0.001), and col-induced platelet aggregation slope (P < 0.05) were decreased in the same counterpart as compared to healthy pregnants. Endoglin also correlated with sflt-1 in preeclamptic patients. CONCLUSION Increase in the levels of antiangiogenic factors and leptin herewith decline in the level of other angiogenic factor PlGF, did not affect nitric oxide and platelet aggregation markers significantly. Increased levels of vWF and endoglin might be result of endothelial dysfunction, so our findings suggest that an impaired angiogenesis may address endothelial dysfunction, but not platelet aggregation for preeclampsia.
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Helseth R, Weiss TW, Opstad TB, Siegbahn A, Solheim S, Freynhofer MK, Huber K, Arnesen H, Seljeflot S. Associations between circulating proteins and corresponding genes expressed in coronary thrombi in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2015; 136:1240-4. [PMID: 26475405 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several genes are expressed in aspirated coronary thrombi in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), exhibiting dynamic changes along ischemic time. Whether soluble biomarkers reflect the local gene environment and ischemic time is unclear. We explored whether circulating biomarkers were associated with corresponding coronary thrombi genes and total ischemic time. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 33 AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), blood samples were collected within 6-24h for markers related to plaque rupture (metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1), platelet and endothelial cell activation (P-selectin, CD40 ligand, PAR-1), hemostasis (tissue factor, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, free and total tissue factor pathway inhibitor, D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2), inflammation (interleukin 8 and 18, fractalkine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CXCL1, pentraxin 3, myeloperoxidase) and galectin 3, caspase 8 and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Laboratory analyses were performed by Proximity Extension Assay (Proseek Multiplex CVD I(96 × 96)), ELISAs and RT-PCR. RESULTS Only circulating P-selectin correlated to the corresponding P-selectin gene expression in thrombi (r=0.530, p=0.002). Plasma galectin 3, fractalkine, MCP-1 and caspase 8 correlated inversely to ischemic time (r=-0.38-0.50, all p <0.05), while plasma MCP-1, galectin 3 and EGF were higher at short (≤ 4 h) vs. long (>4h) ischemic time (all p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The dynamic changes in circulating mediators along ischemic time were not reflected in the profile of locally expressed genes. These observations indicate a locally confined milieu within the site of atherothrombosis, which may be important for selective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Helseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas W Weiss
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna,Austria
| | - Trine Baur Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, University Hospital Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias K Freynhofer
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna,Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna,Austria
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seljeflot Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jespersen CHB, Vestergaard KR, Schou M, Teisner B, Goetze JP, Iversen K. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and the vulnerable plaque. Biomark Med 2015; 8:1033-47. [PMID: 25343675 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been examined for its relation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the vulnerable plaque. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plasma PAPP-A in relation to nonpregnant individuals focusing on patients with ACS, discusses its use as a possible biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in ACS, briefly describes the challenges in different assay technologies and describes the effect of heparin administration on PAPP-A concentrations in plasma.
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Diaz JA, Wrobleski SK, Alvarado CM, Hawley AE, Doornbos NK, Lester PA, Lowe SE, Gabriel JE, Roelofs KJ, Henke PK, Schaub RG, Wakefield TW, Myers DD. P-selectin inhibition therapeutically promotes thrombus resolution and prevents vein wall fibrosis better than enoxaparin and an inhibitor to von Willebrand factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:829-37. [PMID: 25657307 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aptamers are oligonucleotides targeting protein-protein interactions with pharmacokinetic profiles and activity reversal options. Although P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) have been implicated in the development of venous thrombosis (VT), no studies have directly compared aptamer efficacy with standard of care in VT. In this study, ARC5692, an anti-P-selectin aptamer, and ARC15105, an anti-vWF aptamer, were compared with low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, to test the efficacy of P-selectin or vWF inhibition in promoting thrombus resolution and preventing vein wall fibrosis, in a baboon model of VT. APPROACH AND RESULTS Groups were as follows: treatment arm: animals received P-selectin or vWF aptamer inhibitors or enoxaparin (n=3 per group). Controls received no treatment (n=3). Prophylactic arm: animals received P-selectin inhibitor (n=4) or vWF inhibitor (n=3). Treatment arm: P-selectin-inhibitor demonstrated a significant improvement in vein recanalization by magnetic resonance venography (73% at day 21), and significantly decreased vein wall collagen, compared with all groups. Anti-P-selectin equaled enoxaparin in maintaining valve competency by ultrasound. All control animals had compromised valve competency post thrombosis. Prophylactic arm: animals receiving P-selectin and vWF inhibitors demonstrated improved vein recanalization by magnetic resonance venography versus controls (80% and 85%, respectively, at day 21). Anti-P-selectin protected iliac valve function better than anti-vWF, and both improved valve function versus controls. No adverse bleeding events were observed. CONCLUSIONS The P-selectin inhibitor aptamer promoted iliac vein recanalization, preserved valve competency, and decreased vein wall fibrosis. The results of this work suggest that P-selectin inhibition maybe an ideal target in the treatment and prophylaxis of deep VT, warranting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Diaz
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.).
| | - Shirley K Wrobleski
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Christine M Alvarado
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Angela E Hawley
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Nichole K Doornbos
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Patrick A Lester
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Suzan E Lowe
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Joy E Gabriel
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Karen J Roelofs
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Peter K Henke
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Robert G Schaub
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Thomas W Wakefield
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
| | - Daniel D Myers
- From the Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories (J.A.D., S.K.W., C.M.A., A.E.H., N.K.D., J.E.G., K.J.R., P.K.H., T.W.W., D.D.M.), Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (C.M.A., P.A.L., D.D.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.E.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Research and Development, Archemix Corporation, Cambridge, MA (R.G.S.)
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Blann AD. Soluble P-selectin: the next step. Thromb Res 2013; 133:3-4. [PMID: 24216322 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Blann
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
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Nagy V, Kolozsvari B, Balogh Z, Csutak A, Kasza M, Nagy B, Kardos L, Berta A, Pfliegler G. Increased level of platelet P-selectin in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:917-22. [PMID: 23229830 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE P-selectin receptor is expressed in platelets and endothelial cells in a cell-activation-dependent manner. Platelet P-selectin (CD62) levels may become elevated in a number of vasoocclusive diseases, including arteriosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is associated with a sudden loss of vision due to the vascular insufficiency of ciliary arteries supplying the optic nerve. In this study, our aim was to investigate the presence of increased platelet reactivity in the development of NAION. METHODS Twenty-one NAION patients, 39 healthy control subjects, and 44 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined in our case-control, pilot study. Platelet activation was investigated by flow cytometric analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD62 on platelets. These results were compared among the different study groups. RESULTS NAION patients showed considerably although not significantly (p = 0.2017) higher P-selectin MFI values (71.98 ± 40.30) versus healthy subjects (55.48 ± 20.95), insulin-dependent DM patients (50.02 ± 13.08), and non-insulin-dependent DM subjects (54.72 ± 24.74). However, logistic regression analysis resulted in a statistically significant adjusted effect on the odds of NAION when CD62 MFI values were logarithmically transformed (OR: 3.86, 95 % CI: 1.10 to 13.53, p = 0.0346). CONCLUSION Elevated platelet CD62 positivity may be related to NAION, suggesting a possible role of enlarged platelet activity in the generation of this type of ischemic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Cervellin G. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction: more doubts than certainties. Indian Heart J 2012; 64:625-6; author reply 626. [PMID: 23253424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ferroni P, Riondino S, Vazzana N, Santoro N, Guadagni F, Davì G. Biomarkers of platelet activation in acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108:1109-23. [PMID: 23014768 DOI: 10.1160/th12-08-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most convincing evidence for the participation of platelets in arterial thrombosis in humans comes from studies of platelet activation in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and from trials of antiplatelet drugs. Both strongly support the concept that repeated episodes of platelet activation over the thrombogenic surface of a vulnerable plaque may contribute to the risk of death from coronary causes. However, the relation of in vivo platelet activation and adverse clinical events to results of platelet function tests remains largely unknown. A valuable marker of in vivo platelet activation should be specific, unaltered by pre-analytical artefacts and reproducibly measured by easily performed methods. This article describes current biomarkers of platelet activation in ACS, reviews their advantages and disadvantages, discusses their potential pitfalls, and demonstrates emerging data supporting the positive clinical implications of monitoring in vivo platelet activation in the setting of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Advanced Biotechnologies and Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Fuchs S, Lavi I, Tzang O, Bessler H, Brosh D, Bental T, Dvir D, Einav S, Kornowski R. Intracoronary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Are Associated with Necrotic Core, Calcium and Fibrous Tissue Atherosclerotic Plaque Components: An Intracoronary Ultrasound Radiofrequency Study. Cardiology 2012; 123:125-32. [DOI: 10.1159/000342050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Body R, McDowell G, Carley S, Wibberley C, Ferguson J, Mackway-Jones K. A FABP-ulous ‘rule out’ strategy? Heart fatty acid binding protein and troponin for rapid exclusion of acute myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2011; 82:1041-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Blann AD, Draper Z. Platelet activation as a marker of heart attack. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:841-2. [PMID: 21338595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A key component of the pathology of myocardial infarction (i.e. heart attack) is platelet-rich thrombosis within the coronary arteries. In many cases this occurs despite the use of anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin, and this, alongside other evidence, prompts the search for novel markers of platelet activity, such as levels of platelet product soluble P selectin in the plasma. However, by themselves, high levels of soluble P-selectin are of insufficient sensitivity and specificity to contribute to the management of the chest pain that may be a heart attack. Conversely, the current report shows that low levels of soluble P selectin contribute to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction because, as low levels are so rarely found in this condition, heart attack can be ruled out. If confirmed, this will be a major step forward in the management of acute chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Blann
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
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