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Wang C, Gamage PL, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124164. [PMID: 38688429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Wang
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Muto Y, Suzuki M, Takei H, Saito N, Mori J, Sugimoto S, Imagawa K, Nambu R, Oguri S, Itonaga T, Ihara K, Hayashi H, Murayama K, Kakiyama G, Nittono H, Shimizu T. Dried blood spot-based newborn screening for bile acid synthesis disorders, Zellweger spectrum disorder, and Niemann-Pick type C1 by detection of bile acid metabolites. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107703. [PMID: 37802748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether it is possible to screen for bile acid synthesis disorders (BASDs) including peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1a (PBD1A) and Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) at the time of newborn mass screening by measuring the intermediary metabolites of bile acid (BA) synthesis. METHODS Patients with 3β-hydroxy-ΔSuchy et al. (2021)5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (HSD3B7) deficiency (n = 2), 3-oxo-ΔPandak and Kakiyama (n.d.)4-steroid 5β-reductase (SRD5B1) deficiency (n = 1), oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) deficiency (n = 1), PBD1A (n = 1), and NPC1 (n = 2) with available dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected in the neonatal period were included. DBSs from healthy neonates at 4 days of age (n = 1055) were also collected for the control. Disease specific BAs were measured by newly optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with short run cycle (5-min/run). The results were validated by comparing with those obtained by the conventional condition with longer run cycle (76-min/run). RESULTS In healthy specimens, taurocholic acid and cholic acid were the two major BAs which constituted approximately 80% in the measured BAs. The disease marker BAs presented <10%. In BASDs, the following BAs were determined for the disease specific markers: Glyco/tauro 3β,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5-cholenoic acid 3-sulfate for HSD3B7 deficiency (>70%); glyco/tauro 7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholenoic acid for SRD5B1 deficiency (54%); tauro 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid 3-sulfate for CYP7B1 deficiency (94%); 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoic acid for PBD1A (78%); and tauro 3β,7β-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic acid 3-sulfate for NPC1 (26%). *The % in the parenthesis indicates the portion found in the patient's specimen. CONCLUSIONS Early postnatal screening for BASDs, PBD1A and NPC1 is feasible with the described DBS-based method by measuring disease specific BAs. The present method is a quick and affordable test for screening for these inherited diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Muto
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, 2-1-24 Haramachi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0011, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Mori
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imagawa
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nambu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city 330-8777, Japan
| | - Saori Oguri
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Oji-shinmachi, Oita 870-0819, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Itonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Oji-shinmachi, Oita 870-0819, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Oji-shinmachi, Oita 870-0819, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Central Virginia VA Healthcare System, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd., Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, 2-1-24 Haramachi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Zhang Y, Yang CF, Wang WZ, Cheng YK, Sheng CQ, Li YM. Prognosis and clinical characteristics of patients with 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase deficiency diagnosed in childhood: A systematic review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28834. [PMID: 35363177 PMCID: PMC9282059 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition. So far fewer than 100 cases have been reported and the factors affecting the prognosis are not yet established. The objective of this study is to explore a possible prediction of the outcome of this rare condition. METHODS This review was undertaken and reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses guidelines. Demographics, clinical features, gene data, treatment strategies and prognoses at the last follow-up were extracted and summarized. Patients were divided into 2 groups (alive with native liver and liver transplantation/died). Risk factors for the different clinical features were identified. RESULTS 87 patients that were taken from 7 case reports and 9 case series were included. 38 (38/63, 63.0%) of them presented initial symptoms when they were younger than 1 month and 55 (55/63, 87.3%) less than 1 year. There is a larger proportion of patients younger than 1 month or 1 year at the age of symptom onset in the liver transplantation /died group than patients in alive with the native liver group. The majority of patients (53/62, 85.5%) were diagnosed before the age of 5 year. In all cases, 65 (predicted) pathogenic variants have been identified. Over 70% of patients carried an HSD3B7 variant on exon 1, 4, 5 or 6. 71 (81.6%) were alive at the last follow-up, 16 (18.4%) underwent liver transplantation or died. No significance was found between the group alive with native liver and group liver transplantation /died. CONCLUSION Age of onset of the symptoms may be a potential factor that determines the outcome of patients with 3β-HSD deficiency, patients presented with symptoms and signs at an age younger than 1 month or even 1 year may have a worse prognosis. Since there is no difference between clinical outcome and zygosity of gene mutation, we recommend a further study about any possible relationship between mutation site and clinical characteristics or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Feng Yang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yong-Kang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chu-Qiao Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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de Boer JF, Bloks VW, Verkade E, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Kuipers F. New insights in the multiple roles of bile acids and their signaling pathways in metabolic control. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:194-202. [PMID: 29553998 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a growing awareness that individual bile acid species exert different physiological functions, beyond their classical roles in bile formation and fat absorption, due to differential stimulatory effects on the bile-acid-activated receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and takeda G receptor 5 (TGR5). This review integrates recent findings on the role of individual bile acids and their receptors in metabolic control, with special emphasis on cholesterol homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS The consequences of altered bile acid metabolism, for example, in type 2 diabetes and during aging, on metabolic control is increasingly recognized but full impact hereof remains to be elucidated. These effects interact with those of newly developed pharmacological FXR and TGR5 modulators that aim to improve metabolic health. Studies in genetically modified mice have provided important new insights, for example, establishment of the role of intestinal FXR in control of the transintestinal cholesterol excretion pathway. However, translation from mice to men is hampered by the presence of rodent-specific bile acid species with special features. SUMMARY Specific bile acids and their signaling pathways play important roles in control of (cholesterol) metabolism. Deeper insight into the interactions between endogenous (i.e., bile acids) and pharmacological modulators of FXR and TGR5 is needed to optimize therapeutic benefit of the latter. The recent identification of cytochrome P450 2C70 as key enzyme in the formation of rodent-specific hydrophilic muricholic acids allows for the development of adequate mouse models for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vaz FM, Ferdinandusse S. Bile acid analysis in human disorders of bile acid biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 56:10-24. [PMID: 28322867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids facilitate the absorption of lipids in the gut, but are also needed to maintain cholesterol homeostasis, induce bile flow, excrete toxic substances and regulate energy metabolism by acting as signaling molecules. Bile acid biosynthesis is a complex process distributed across many cellular organelles and requires at least 17 enzymes in addition to different metabolite transport proteins to synthesize the two primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Disorders of bile acid synthesis can present from the neonatal period to adulthood and have very diverse clinical symptoms ranging from cholestatic liver disease to neuropsychiatric symptoms and spastic paraplegias. This review describes the different bile acid synthesis pathways followed by a summary of the current knowledge on hereditary disorders of human bile acid biosynthesis with a special focus on diagnostic bile acid profiling using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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