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Fujimoto H, Fukuzato S, Kanno K, Akutsu T, Ohdaira H, Suzuki Y, Urashima M. Reduced Relapse-Free Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Elevated Soluble CD40 Ligand Levels Improved by Vitamin D Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4361. [PMID: 37892436 PMCID: PMC10609672 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were reported in patients with cancer, the importance of high sCD40L levels in clinical oncology remains unknown. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the AMATERASU randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day) in patients with digestive tract cancer to assess its significance. Serum sCD40L levels were measured by ELISA in 294 residual samples, and were divided into tertiles. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates in the middle and highest tertiles were 61.6% and 61.2%, respectively, which was significantly lower than 83.8% in the lowest tertile. A Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the lowest tertile had a significantly lower risk of relapse or death than the highest tertile even with multivariate adjustment (hazard ratio (HR), 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.80; p = 0.016). In the subgroup of CRC patients with the highest tertile of sCD40L, the 5-year RFS rate in the vitamin D group was 77.9%, which was significantly higher than 33.2% in the placebo group (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.81; p = 0.018 [Pinteraction = 0.04]). In conclusion, elevated sCD40L might be a biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with CRC, but vitamin D supplementation might improve RFS in patients with high sCD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujimoto
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (H.F.); (S.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.)
- Biometrics and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., 1-2-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fukuzato
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (H.F.); (S.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Kazuki Kanno
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (H.F.); (S.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Taisuke Akutsu
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (H.F.); (S.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mitsuyoshi Urashima
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (H.F.); (S.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.)
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Herold Z, Herold M, Herczeg G, Fodor A, Szasz AM, Dank M, Somogyi A. High plasma CD40 ligand level is associated with more advanced stages and worse prognosis in colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4084-4096. [PMID: 35665117 PMCID: PMC9131230 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often associated with elevated platelet count (> 400 × 109/L), known as thrombocytosis. The role of CD40 ligand (CD40L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is controversial in CRC. Circulating CD40L is higher in CRC, but its relationship with disease staging and local and distant metastasis is not clear. Although most of the circulating CD40L is produced by platelets, no previous study investigated its relationship with CRC-related thrombocytosis.
AIM To investigate the role of CD40L to predict the outcome of CRC and its relation to thrombocytosis.
METHODS A total of 106 CRC patients and 50 age and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled for the study. Anamnestic data including comorbidities and histopathological data were collected. Laboratory measurements were performed at the time of CRC diagnosis and 1.5 mo and at least 6 mo after the surgical removal of the tumor. Plasma CD40L and thrombopoietin were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while plasma interleukin-6 was measured via electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Patient follow-ups were terminated on January 31, 2021.
RESULTS Plasma CD40L of CRC patients was tendentiously higher, while platelet count (P = 0.0479), interleukin-6 (P = 0.0002), and thrombopoietin (P = 0.0024) levels were significantly higher as opposed to the control subjects. Twelve of the 106 CRC patients (11.3%) had thrombocytosis. Significantly higher CD40L was found in the presence of distant metastases (P = 0.0055) and/or thrombocytosis (P = 0.0294). A connection was found between CD40L and platelet count (P = 0.0045), interleukin-6 (P = 0.0130), and thrombocytosis (P = 0.0155). CD40L was constant with the course of CRC, and all baseline differences persisted throughout the whole study. Both pre- and postoperative elevated platelet count, CD40L, and interleukin-6 level were associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival of patients. The negative effect of CD40L and interleukin-6 on patient survival remained even after the stratification by thrombocytosis.
CONCLUSION CD40L levels of CRC patients do not change with the course of the disease. The CD40L level is strongly correlated with platelet count, interleukin-6, thrombocytosis, and the presence of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Herczeg
- Department of General Surgery, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest H-1115, Hungary
| | - Agnes Fodor
- Department of General Surgery, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest H-1115, Hungary
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
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CD40 is Positively Correlated with the Expression of Nucleophosmin in Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3676751. [PMID: 32411234 PMCID: PMC7204159 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3676751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To verify and evaluate the value of CD40 as a noninvasive biomarker of cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer, we studied the expression of CD40 and the correlation between nucleophosmin (NPM1) and CD40 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. Methods Three cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell lines (T24/0.8DDP, BIU87/0.3DDP, and PUMC-91/0.6DDP) were studied, and lentivirus was used to silence NPM1 expression. The expression of CD40 and NPM1 in three NPM1 silencing bladder cancer cell lines were detected by fluorescence microscopy and Western Blot. The effects and proteomic bioinformatics of NPM1 gene knockout on cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gene ontology analysis (GO analysis). Results The NPM1 gene was successfully silenced in three drug-resistant bladder cancer cell lines by lentivirus infection. The knockdown efficiency was 70%. After NPM1 gene knockout, 492 differential proteins were detected by LC-MS, whose fold change was more than 1.5 (p < 0.05). A total of 57022 peptides, 54347 unique peptides, and 6686 protein groups were identified in all proteins of the tested cells (FDR < 0.01). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed that 264 functional proteins were downregulated and 228 functional proteins were upregulated in the gene silencing group compared with those of the negative controls. By GO analysis, the proteins affected by NPM1 cover a large number of proteins with biological functions, which may play an important role in the development of tumor in 492 differential proteins. The CD40 was the most significantly downregulated protein after NPM1 silencing, with a difference of 2.6-fold change in abundance. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between CD40 protein and NPM1 protein in drug-resistant bladder cancer. Because NPM1 can reflect the characteristics of bladder cancer, CD40 may be a more sensitive marker for monitoring the prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Chen YF, Wang YH, Lei CS, Changou CA, Davis ME, Yen Y. Host immune response to anti-cancer camptothecin conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:85. [PMID: 31647037 PMCID: PMC6806548 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efficacy and safety are critical concerns when designing drug carriers. Nanoparticles are a particular type of carrier that has gained recent attention in cancer therapeutics. Methods In this study, we assess the safety profile of IT-101, a nanoparticle formed by self-assembly of camptothecin (CPT) conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. IT-101 delivers CPT to target cancer cells in animal models of numerous human cancers and in humans. Previous data from preclinical and clinical trials indicate that IT-101 has no notable immunological side effects. However, there have been no published studies focused on evaluating the effects of IT-101 on host immune systems. Results In this work, we demonstrate that IT-101 diminished initial host immune response following first injection of the nanopharmaceutical and induced NK cell activation and T cell proliferation upon further IT-101 exposure. Additionally, IT-101 could attenuate tumor growth more efficiently than CPT treatment only. Conclusions Drugs administration in whole-body circulation may lead to poorly bioavailable in central nervous system and often has toxic effects on peripheral tissues. Conjugated with cyclodextrin-based polymers not only reduce adverse effects but also modulate the immune responses to elevate drug efficacy. These immune responses may potentially facilitate actions of immune blockage, such as PD1/PDL1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Wang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Syuan Lei
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Analysis of Plasma EBV-DNA and Soluble Checkpoint Proteins in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients after Definitive Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3939720. [PMID: 31192256 PMCID: PMC6525834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3939720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor immunotherapy and immunological checkpoint-related proteins are research hotspots. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Hence, the evaluation of its effect is very important. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the concentrations of soluble checkpoint proteins, plasma EBV-DNA, and cytokines in NPC patients treated with IMRT. Methods In this study, the plasma samples of 37 NPC patients and 40 healthy controls were collected. Luminex MAGPIX was used to detect the concentrations of 32 plasma targets, including soluble programmed cell death 1 (sPD-1). RT-qPCR was used to measure EBV-DNA. Results The concentrations of 33 plasma targets were detected in NPC patients before and after IMRT to explore the changes after IMRT. The results showed that IMRT could increase the expression of sPD-1 and significantly reduce the level of EBV-DNA in the plasma of NPC patients. The expression level of sPD-1 in TNM I/II patients was significantly higher than that in III/IV patients. Besides, the concentrations of 12 other targets were significantly different after IMRT, including LAG-3, PD-L1, TIM-3, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-22. High sPD-1 patients had longer survival than those with low sPD-1. Also, patients with lower EBV-DNA and TNM grades I and II/III had longer survival than those with higher EBV-DNA or TNM IV. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the concentration of sPD-1 was significantly increased and EBV-DNA was significantly reduced in the NPC patients after IMRT. Plasma EBV-DNA level was a highly specific and sensitive biomarker for NPC diagnosis. Both sPD-1 expression and EBV-DNA concentration in plasma were related to the survival of patients.
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Huang YQ, Jie LI, Chen JY, Tang ST, Huang C, Feng YQ. The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 32:40-45. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hendriks D, Choi G, de Bruyn M, Wiersma VR, Bremer E. Antibody-Based Cancer Therapy: Successful Agents and Novel Approaches. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:289-383. [PMID: 28325214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, antibodies have been viewed as ideal candidates or "magic bullets" for use in targeted therapy in the fields of cancer, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. A wave of antibody-dedicated research followed, which resulted in the clinical approval of a first generation of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy such as rituximab (1997) and cetuximab (2004), and infliximab (2002) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. More recently, the development of antibodies that prevent checkpoint-mediated inhibition of T cell responses invigorated the field of cancer immunotherapy. Such antibodies induced unprecedented long-term remissions in patients with advanced stage malignancies, most notably melanoma and lung cancer, that do not respond to conventional therapies. In this review, we will recapitulate the development of antibody-based therapy, and detail recent advances and new functions, particularly in the field of cancer immunotherapy. With the advent of recombinant DNA engineering, a number of rationally designed molecular formats of antibodies and antibody-derived agents have become available, and we will discuss various molecular formats including antibodies with improved effector functions, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-cytokine fusion proteins, and T cells genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors. With these exciting advances, new antibody-based treatment options will likely enter clinical practice and pave the way toward more successful control of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hendriks
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Choi
- Department of Hematology, Section Immunohematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V R Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Section Immunohematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Section Immunohematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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