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Contact Lens Wear Induces Alterations of Lactoferrin Functionality in Human Tears. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102188. [PMID: 36297623 PMCID: PMC9612143 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a complex matrix composed of several molecular classes, from small metal ions to macromolecules. Contact lens (CL) wear can affect the protein homeostasis of the tear film, by accumulating deposits on the CL surface and/or altering their structural and functional properties. This work investigates the effect of CL wear on lactoferrin (Lf), one of the most abundant tear proteins, known as an unspecific biomarker of inflammation. Tears from eight volunteers were collected and analyzed after alternated periods of CL wear and without CL. The experimental approach is to probe Lf into unprocessed human tears by the peculiar fluorescence emission originating from complex formation of Lf with terbium (Tb3+) at the iron-binding sites. The experimental data indicate that CL wear does not significantly affect the total amount of Lf. On the other hand, Lf affinity for Tb3+ is reduced upon CL wear, suggesting relevant changes in Lf structure and possible alterations of protein functionality. Future studies based on this approach will help define CL features (material, lens-care solution, wearing time, etc.) with minimal effects on tear protein activity, in order to obtain more biocompatible and comfortable devices.
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Musile G, Franco De Palo E, Marco Dorizzi R, Shestakova K, Appolonova S, Tagliaro F. A novel high-throughput liquid chromatography assay for Carbohydrate-Deficient transferrin (CDT) based on flow-modulated isocratic elution and terbium-induced fluorescence. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1182:122942. [PMID: 34562778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin is a glycoprotein containing two bi- or tri-antennary carbohydrate chains ending with sialic acid. Its glycosylation is reduced in chronic alcohol abuse and in inborn glycosylation pathologies, where the carbohydrate-deficient fraction of the protein (CDT) increases significantly. The current methods require a gradient chromatographic separation and time-consuming sample preparation. In comparison, the proposed approach uses a novel flow-modulated liquid chromatography technique (fmLC) and a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence derivatization reaction with terbium ion. A fmLC-FLD method using isocratic anion exchange separation was optimized and validated to resolve disialo-transferrin and trisialo-transferrin from other transferrin glycoforms. Detection took place by recording fluorescence at 550 nm wavelength (excitation at 298 nm). The chromatographic separation needed 5 min, allowing seriate injection every 7.5 min. The method was validated according to the current guidelines of analytical chemistry showing adequate accuracy and precision for the quantitative determination of CDT. The proposed method proved also to be suitable to analyse haemolyzed sera which, because of interference by haemoglobin, fail the standard HPLC-Vis analysis. The method was tested in parallel with HPLC-Vis on 131 sera showing an excellent correlation of results proved by a correlation coefficient of 0.995 (Pearson's r). The proposed approach proved much simpler than the current methods and cheaper in terms of instrumental costs offering a ground-breaking analytical tool that could likely make available the characterization of CDT outside specialized laboratories, such as in occupational medicine centres, doctor's offices, small laboratories, alcohol rehabilitation centres, and in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Musile
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elio Franco De Palo
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Kseniia Shestakova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Garcia Carretero R, Vigil-Medina L, Barquero-Perez O, Mora-Jimenez I, Soguero-Ruiz C, Ramos-Lopez J. Machine learning approaches to constructing predictive models of vitamin D deficiency in a hypertensive population: a comparative study. Inform Health Soc Care 2021; 46:355-369. [PMID: 33792475 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2021.1896524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease, we used machine learning approaches to establish a model to predict the probability of deficiency. Determination of serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) provided the best assessment of vitamin D status, but such tests are not always widely available or feasible. Thus, our study established predictive models with high sensitivity to identify patients either unlikely to have vitamin D deficiency or who should undergo 25(OH)D testing.Methods: We collected data from 1002 hypertensive patients from a Spanish university hospital. The elastic net regularization approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset. The issue of determining vitamin D status was addressed as a classification problem; thus, the following classifiers were applied: logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, naive Bayes, and Extreme Gradient Boost methods. Classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were computed to assess the performance of each method.Results: The SVM-based method with radial kernel performed better than the other algorithms in terms of sensitivity (98%), negative predictive value (71%), and classification accuracy (73%).Conclusion: The combination of a feature-selection method such as elastic net regularization and a classification approach produced well-fitted models. The SVM approach yielded better predictions than the other algorithms. This combination approach allowed us to develop a predictive model with high sensitivity but low specificity, to identify the population that could benefit from laboratory determination of serum levels of 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garcia Carretero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vigil-Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Oscar Barquero-Perez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Mora-Jimenez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
| | - Cristina Soguero-Ruiz
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
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Hou S, Feng T, Zhao N, Zhang J, Wang H, Liang N, Zhao L. A carbon nanoparticle-peptide fluorescent sensor custom-made for simple and sensitive detection of trypsin. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:482-489. [PMID: 33133732 PMCID: PMC7591810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel sensor to detect trypsin using a purpose-designed fluorescein-labelled peptide with negatively charged carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) modified by acid oxidation. The fluorescence of the fluorescein-labelled peptide was quenched by CNPs. The sensor reacted with trypsin to cleave the peptide, resulting in the release of the dye moiety and a substantial increase in fluorescence intensity, which was dose- and time-dependent, and trypsin could be quantified accordingly. Correspondingly, the biosensor has led to the development of a convenient and efficient fluorescent method to measure trypsin activity, with a detection limit of 0.7 μg/mL. The method allows rapid determination of trypsin activity in the normal and acute pancreatitis range, suitable for point-of-care testing. Furthermore, the applicability of the method has been demonstrated by detecting trypsin in spiked urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Huibin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
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A proof-of-concept analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing and in-capillary immunodetection. Biotechniques 2020; 68:85-90. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a reliable biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse. We developed a method for CDT analysis by capillary isoelectric focusing, followed by immunodetection directly in the capillary, in an automated fashion and on a single platform (Peggy Sue™; ProteinSimple, CA, USA). Transferrin glycoforms in serum samples, including disialo-transferrin, were separated and their apparent isoelectric points and relative percentages were determined. The relative CDT values (percent of total transferrin) matched expected values for both healthy and alcoholic samples. Because the method leveraged the sensitivity of an immunoassay, CDT was measured when serum samples were diluted up to 1200-fold, reducing the volume of serum required. Finally, the process is fully automated, with up to 96 samples analyzed per batch.
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