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Rashidi S, Yousefi AR, Mastinu A. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Can Change the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits of Solanum nigrum L. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400208. [PMID: 38713365 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a common weed in arable land, while being used in traditional medicine around the world due to its remarkable levels of valuable secondary metabolites. Agronomic and biological techniques can alter the production of a specific metabolite by influencing plant growth and metabolism. The effects of colonization with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, on the chemical composition of S. nigrum fruits were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. More than 100 different chemical constituents were evaluated by GC-MS. Our study revealed that the levels of phenols (quinic acid), benzenes (hydroquinone), sulfur-containing compounds, lactone and carboxylic acids were improved by R. intraradices. In contrast, hydroxymethylfurfural increased by 68 % in R. fasciculatum inoculated with uninoculated S. nigrum plants, and this species was also the most efficient in inducing sugar compounds (D-galactose, lactose, and melezitose). Our results suggest that AMF colonization is an effective biological strategy that can alter the chemical composition and improve the medicinal properties of S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Rashidi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Tintrop LK, Lieske-Overgrand JR, Wickneswaran K, Abis R, Brunstermann R, Jochmann MA, Schmidt TC. Isotope-labeling in situ derivatization and HS-SPME arrow GC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters in aqueous matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6525-6536. [PMID: 37740751 PMCID: PMC10567957 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) co-occur in many samples, and analysis of both substance classes is frequently of high interest. To this end, this study introduces the first method for simultaneous determination of FAs and FAMEs including fully automated solvent-free solid-phase microextraction (SPME) arrow headspace extraction combined with isotope-labeling in situ FA derivatization with deuterated methanol (CD3OD). By using the chromatographic isotope effect (ΔRt = 0.03 min) and the + 3 m/z mass shift, FAs can be selectively differentiated from the FAMEs during gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) aquisition mode. Additionally, an approach is presented to predict the retention times of deuterated compounds. Optimization of the derivatization conditions was accomplished by design of experiments and found to be 20 min, 50 °C, 4 v/v% CD3OD, and pH 2.1. During method validation, FAs and FAMEs were calibrated in different concentration ranges by standard addition in five real matrices and ultrapure water leading to good linearities and method detection limits for FAs ranging from 1-30 µg L-1 and for FAMEs from 0.003-0.72 µg L-1. FAs and FAMEs were detected in real samples from surface water, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and three different bioreactor samples and could be quantified in concentrations ranging from 2-1056 µg L-1 for FAs and 0.01-14 µg L-1 for FAMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie K Tintrop
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana R Lieske-Overgrand
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Kaliyani Wickneswaran
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Rukiyye Abis
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Brunstermann
- Urban Water and Waste Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Calabrese FM, Celano G, Bonfiglio C, Campanella A, Franco I, Annunziato A, Giannelli G, Osella AR, De Angelis M. Synergistic Effect of Diet and Physical Activity on a NAFLD Cohort: Metabolomics Profile and Clinical Variable Evaluation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112457. [PMID: 37299420 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with its comorbidities, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely to rise further with the obesity epidemic. However, the literature's evidence shows how its progression can be reduced by the administration of calorie-restrictive dietary interventions and physical activity regimens. The liver function and the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to be closely related. With the aim of ascertaining the impact of a treatment based on the combination of diet and physical activity (versus physical activity alone), we recruited 46 NAFLD patients who were divided into two groups. As a result, we traced the connection between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fecal metabolomics and a set of statistically filtered clinical variables. Additionally, we identified the relative abundances of gut microbiota taxa obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistically significant correlations emerged between VOCs and clinical parameters, as well as between VOCs and gut microbiota taxa. In comparison with a physical activity regimen alone, we disclose how ethyl valerate and pentanoic acid butyl ester, methyl valerate, and 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl changed because of the positive synergistic effect exerted by the combination of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity regimens. Moreover, 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl positively correlated with Sanguinobacteroides, as well as the two genera Oscillospiraceae-UCG002 and Ruminococcaceae UCG010 genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Isabella Franco
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Alessandro Annunziato
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruben Osella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Neumark B, Elkabets O, Shefer G, Buch A, Stern N, Amirav A. Whole blood analysis for medical diagnostics by GC-MS with Cold EI. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4873. [PMID: 35796286 PMCID: PMC9540862 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study covers a new method and related instrumentation for whole blood analysis for medical diagnostics. Two-μL whole blood samples were collected using "minimal invasive" diabetes lancet and placed on a thin glass rod mounted on a newly designed BloodProbe. The BloodProbe with the whole blood sample was inserted directly into a ChromatoProbe mounted on the GC inlet, and thus, no sample preparation was involved. The analysis was performed within 10 min using a GC-MS with Cold EI that is based on interfacing GC and MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMB) along with electron ionization of vibrationally cold sample compounds in the SMB (hence the name Cold EI). Our blood analysis revealed several observations: (1) Detailed mass chromatograms were generated with full range of all the nonpolar lipids in blood including fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, vitamin E, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides. (2) The analysis of whole blood was found to be as informative as the conventional clinical analysis of blood serum. (3) Cholesteryl esters were more sensitive than free cholesterol alone to the effect of diet of obese people. (4) Major enhancement of several fatty acid methyl esters was found in the blood of a cancer patient with liver dysfunction. (5) Vitamin E as both α- and β-tocopherol was found with person-dependent ratio of these two compounds. (6) Elemental sulfur S8 was identified in blood. (7) Several drugs and other compounds were found and need further study of their correlation to medical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Neumark
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Oneg Elkabets
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Gabi Shefer
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Assaf Buch
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and MetabolismTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aviv Amirav
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Aviv AnalyticalHod HasharonIsrael
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Jafri A, Bano S, Rais J, Khan F, Shivnath N, Sharma AK, Arshad M. Phytochemical screening of Sterculia foetida seed extract for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activity, and detection of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, and nuclear fragmentation in human osteosarcoma cells. J Histotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1592832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabana Bano
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juhi Rais
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - AK Sharma
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Siddiqui S, Ahmad E, Gupta M, Rawat V, Shivnath N, Banerjee M, Khan MS, Arshad M. Cissus quadrangularis Linn exerts dose-dependent biphasic effects: osteogenic and anti-proliferative, through modulating ROS, cell cycle and Runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:443-54. [PMID: 26079044 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report highlights phytoconstituents present in Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and examines biphasic (proliferative and anti-proliferative) effects of its extract on bone cell proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, ROS generation, cell cycle progression and Runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytoconstituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Osteoblasts were exposed to different concentrations (10-100 μg/ml) of CQ extract and cell proliferation and cell differentiation were investigated at different periods of time. Subsequently, intracellular ROS intensity, apoptosis and matrix mineralization of osteoblasts were evaluated. We performed flow cytometry for DNA content and real-time PCR for Runx2 gene expression analysis. RESULTS CQ extract's approximately 40 bioactive compounds of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, vitamins and steroidal derivatives were identified. Osteoblasts exposed to varying concentrations of extract exhibited biphasic variation in cell proliferation and differentiation as a function of dose and time. Moreover, lower concentrations (10-50 μg/ml) of extract slightly reduced ROS intensity, although they enhanced matrix mineralization, DNA content in S phase of the cell cycle, and levels of Runx2 expression. However, higher concentrations (75-100 μg/ml) considerably induced the ROS intensity and nuclear condensation in osteoblasts, while it reduced mineralization level, proportion of cells in S phase and Runx2 level of the osteogenic gene. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CQ extract revealed concentration-dependent biphasic effects, which would contribute notably to future assessment of pre-clinical efficacy and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - E Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - M Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - V Rawat
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - N Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - M Banerjee
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - M S Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - M Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
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GC-EI-MS Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Brain and Serum of Twitcher Mouse. Lipids 2014; 49:1115-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Anyasor GN, Funmilayo O, Odutola O, Olugbenga A, Oboutor EM. Chemical constituents in n-butanol fractions of Castus afer ker Gawl leaf and stem. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 3:78-84. [PMID: 26401352 PMCID: PMC4576800 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140112010648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate the bioactive compounds in Costus afer Ker Gawl, an indigenous African medicinal plant whose leaf and stem extracts are used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatism and arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive compounds present in the n-butanol fractions of C. afer leaf and stem were identified using qualitative phytochemical evaluation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method, comparing the mass spectra of the identified compounds with those of the National Institute of Standards and Technology database library. RESULTS Qualitative analysis detected alkaloids, saponins, diterpenes, triterpenes, phytosterol, phlobatannins, and tannins in both n-butanol fractions of C. afer leaf and stem. Phenols were detected in leaves alone while flavonoids were present in stem alone. GC/MS data showed that the bioactive compounds in n-butanol fraction of C. afer leaf were indolizine, 2-methoxy-4 vinylphenol, phytol, hexadecanoic acid-methyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecanoic acid-methyl ester, eicosane, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acid while n-butanol fraction of C. afer stem contain benzofuran,2,3-dihydro,2-methoxy-4 vinylphenol, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, campesterol, stigmasterol, hexadecanoic acid-methyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid. CONCLUSION The bioactive compounds identified in the n-butanol fractions of C. afer leaves and stem may explain the folkloric use of C. afer plant in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godswill Nduka Anyasor
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. 21244 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Onajobi Funmilayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. 21244 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osilesi Odutola
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. 21244 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adebawo Olugbenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, O.A.C.H.S., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Efere Martins Oboutor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Wang SP, Hu XX, Meng QW, Muhammad SA, Chen RR, Li F, Li GQ. The involvement of several enzymes in methanol detoxification in Drosophila melanogaster adults. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 166:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang SP, He GL, Chen RR, Li F, Li GQ. The involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in methanol elimination in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 79:264-275. [PMID: 22508581 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is one of the most common short-chain alcohols in fermenting fruits, the natural food of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The larvae cope continuously with methanol at various concentrations in order to survive and develop. In the present article, we found toxicities of dietary methanol and formaldehyde were enhanced by piperonyl butoxide, but not by 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole, 4-methylpyrazole, diethylmeleate, and triphenyl phosphate, when assessing by the combination index method. These results reveal that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), rather than catalases, alcohol dehydrogenases, glutathione S-transferases, and esterases, participate in methanol metabolism. Moreover, methanol exposure dramatically increased CYP activity. The ratios of the CYP activities in treated larvae to those in control reached, respectively, up to 3.0-, 3.9-, and 2.7-fold, at methanol concentrations of 22.6, 27.9, and 34.5 mg/g diet. In addition, methanol exposure greatly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of five Cyp genes, which were Cyp304a1, Cyp9f2, Cyp28a5, Cyp4d2, and Cyp4e2. Their resulting proteins were suggested as the candidate enzymes for methanol metabolism in D. melanogaster larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Terekhova EA, Stepicheva NA, Pshenichnikova AB, Shvets VI. Stearic acid methyl ester: A new extracellular metabolite of the obligate methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus quaylei. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guo L, Zeng XY, Wang DY, Li GQ. Methanol metabolism in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:260-265. [PMID: 19883652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce and release large quantities of methanol, especially when attacked by herbivores. It seems that the herbivores may suffer from methanol intoxication. Here we reported the tolerance to and the metabolism of methanol by Ostrinia furnacalis third-instar larvae. When larvae were exposed to dietary methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid for 72h, the estimated LC(50) value was 28, 40 and 29 mg/g diet, respectively. Toxicity of methanol was enhanced by 4-methylpyrazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and piperonyl butoxide, and toxicity of formaldehyde was increased by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and piperonyl butoxide. However, triphenyl phosphate had little synergistic effects on both methanol and formaldehyde. These data indicate that alcohol dehydrogenase, and probably catalase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase oxidize methanol to formaldehyde, catalase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalyze formaldehyde to formic acid, water and carbon dioxide, and carboxylesterase may have a minor effect. Several fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified from extracts of the frass of larvae which had been exposed to a methanol-contained diet, in contrast to those on a methanol-free artificial diet. In vitro tests revealed that a crude enzyme solution from the larvae could synthesize FAMEs from corresponding fatty acids and methanol. In addition, dietary methanol induced higher esterase activities in the first-, second- and third-instar larvae. These findings demonstrate that both oxidative metabolism and non-oxidative metabolism are partially responsible for methanol elimination in O. furnacalis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kawsar S, Mostafa G, Huq E, Nahar N, Ozeki Y. Chemical Constituents and Hemolytic Activity of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2009.42.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bicalho B, David F, Rumplel K, Kindt E, Sandra P. Creating a fatty acid methyl ester database for lipid profiling in a single drop of human blood using high resolution capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1211:120-8. [PMID: 18842268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Capillary gas chromatography (CGC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was optimized for the separation and detection of the fatty acids occurring in the lipid fraction of blood. A fingertip blood sample (ca. 50 microL) was transesterified into the methyl esters and analyzed on a 100 m x 0.25 mm ID column coated with a biscyanopropyl polysiloxane (HP-88) stationary phase. The method was retention time locked. Programmed temperature vaporization injection (PTV) in the solvent venting mode was applied to minimize the sample size, while maintaining high sensitivity. The total analysis time was ca. 60 min. Retention times and both electron impact (EI) and positive chemical ionization (PCI) mass spectrometry were combined to elucidate the fatty acids according to alkyl chain, degree of unsaturation and position of the double bonds. Using extracted ion chromatograms about 100 fatty acids and related compounds were detected in blood samples and most of them were identified. This work resulted in a very large fatty acid methyl esters database, containing retention time and mass spectral information that will be applied to metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bicalho
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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